The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impos...The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impose very considerable demands on work force, financial and technology capabilities. Since the future supplies of oil and gas are to expand, advanced technology will become increasingly necessary to obtain access to more challenging conventional and non-conventional resources. Therefore oil and gas technologies will be very costly to operate in the coming future due to hostile, hard-to-reach environments. The offshore oil industry will become a complicated myriad of advanced equipment, structures, and work force. Our objectives are to identify potential applications and research directions of robotics and automation in the oil & gas field and explore the obstacles and challenges of robotic and automation applications to this area. This study performs the necessary survey and investigation about the work conditions of robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry, especially offshore oil rigs. The oil & gas industry processes are first investigated. The personals and tasks are then explored. Furthermore, this paper reviews the current robotic automation technology. The challenges and requirements are identified for robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry. The requirements of robotics and automation in the oil & gas industry are presented. Future research opportunities are discussed from a technical perspective.展开更多
This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China.According to IBISWorld,the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petroch...This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China.According to IBISWorld,the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petrochemical Corporation,China National Petroleum Corporation,Sinochem Corporation,China National Offshore Oil Corporation,and BP(China)Holdings Limited.Marketing has changed over the past several years.Similarly,gas station marketing is all about more customers,greater sales,and higher profits.Technology provides many different marketing tools to see more fresh faces at the door,increase repeat sales,and improve profits.Word-of-mouth advertising should be encouraged,especially when contests are being held.The prizes from these contests may include car essentials,free coffee,free car wash,or coupons to be used at convenience stores.Customers who have won these contests would surely go around advertising the particular gas station,ultimately bringing in more customers.Other than that,managers can boost the sales volume through radio promotions as well.This study also aims to give future businessmen and women some ideas on how to deal with different kinds of strategies when it comes to marketing,especially in China in hope to cater and prove to the people of China the possibility of promoting businesses,such as the oil industry.展开更多
There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly eas...There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.展开更多
First-mover advantage and solid foundation of oil and gas cooperation is very important to the Belt and Road Initiative.Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching signific...First-mover advantage and solid foundation of oil and gas cooperation is very important to the Belt and Road Initiative.Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching significance to the cooperation in other industries in the Belt and Road.In this article,based on the systematic analysis of the oil and gas supply security,investment environment,regional win-win situation in oil and gas cooperation,new opportunities and challenges about upstream,pipeline,refining,trade,warehousing,engineering technology and equipment are studied.Enhancing capacities in four areas and implementing the 16 measures are given for deepening oil and gas cooperation in the future.Meanwhile,this article also gives suggestions and cooperation directions for countries and companies.展开更多
The distribution of Oil & gas fields shows their close relationship with the most active tectonic regions. This is not a coincidence but having a scientific reasons. The crustal active regions, refer to the places...The distribution of Oil & gas fields shows their close relationship with the most active tectonic regions. This is not a coincidence but having a scientific reasons. The crustal active regions, refer to the places where the active natural earthquake, volcanic activities, underground water happened, and the areas of the leaking Off of natural gas to the surface of the crust. The magma of volcanic activities brings the organic "kitchen range body" hydrocarbon - generating model and inorganic genetic hydrocarbon to the regions covered by volcanic rock. Underground water brings a catalytic hydrocarbon generating model for organic matter, and the leaking - off of H2 and CO2 contributes a synthetic hydrocarbon - generating model. Volcanic activities bring the assemblage of Source, Reservoir and Seal formed by the sediments and magma the sedimentary basins, and the hydrocarbon - generating system with a "water - volcano" binary structure is formed. All these conditions are favorable and excellent for the formation of oil & gas fields. The distribution of AInerican oil & gas fields have very close relationship with the mines of Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, W and V, deposits of Zn, Cu, V, Pb, Al and Hg, and the deposits of fluorite, sulfur, potassium salt, phosphate and halite, and the distribution of sulfate - chloride of river water. The reason why few oil & gas fields discovered in the regions covered by volcanic rock in western America maybe because of the view of "inconsistency between petroleum and volcano". Further more, It’s very difficult to carry out a geophysical exploration in such kinds of regions. This paper examined a few hydrocarbon - generating models (systems) mentioned above and came up with some flesh ideas on the exploration in the areas covered with volcanic rocks.展开更多
文摘The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impose very considerable demands on work force, financial and technology capabilities. Since the future supplies of oil and gas are to expand, advanced technology will become increasingly necessary to obtain access to more challenging conventional and non-conventional resources. Therefore oil and gas technologies will be very costly to operate in the coming future due to hostile, hard-to-reach environments. The offshore oil industry will become a complicated myriad of advanced equipment, structures, and work force. Our objectives are to identify potential applications and research directions of robotics and automation in the oil & gas field and explore the obstacles and challenges of robotic and automation applications to this area. This study performs the necessary survey and investigation about the work conditions of robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry, especially offshore oil rigs. The oil & gas industry processes are first investigated. The personals and tasks are then explored. Furthermore, this paper reviews the current robotic automation technology. The challenges and requirements are identified for robotics and automation equipment in the oil and gas industry. The requirements of robotics and automation in the oil & gas industry are presented. Future research opportunities are discussed from a technical perspective.
文摘This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China.According to IBISWorld,the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petrochemical Corporation,China National Petroleum Corporation,Sinochem Corporation,China National Offshore Oil Corporation,and BP(China)Holdings Limited.Marketing has changed over the past several years.Similarly,gas station marketing is all about more customers,greater sales,and higher profits.Technology provides many different marketing tools to see more fresh faces at the door,increase repeat sales,and improve profits.Word-of-mouth advertising should be encouraged,especially when contests are being held.The prizes from these contests may include car essentials,free coffee,free car wash,or coupons to be used at convenience stores.Customers who have won these contests would surely go around advertising the particular gas station,ultimately bringing in more customers.Other than that,managers can boost the sales volume through radio promotions as well.This study also aims to give future businessmen and women some ideas on how to deal with different kinds of strategies when it comes to marketing,especially in China in hope to cater and prove to the people of China the possibility of promoting businesses,such as the oil industry.
文摘There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.
文摘First-mover advantage and solid foundation of oil and gas cooperation is very important to the Belt and Road Initiative.Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching significance to the cooperation in other industries in the Belt and Road.In this article,based on the systematic analysis of the oil and gas supply security,investment environment,regional win-win situation in oil and gas cooperation,new opportunities and challenges about upstream,pipeline,refining,trade,warehousing,engineering technology and equipment are studied.Enhancing capacities in four areas and implementing the 16 measures are given for deepening oil and gas cooperation in the future.Meanwhile,this article also gives suggestions and cooperation directions for countries and companies.
文摘The distribution of Oil & gas fields shows their close relationship with the most active tectonic regions. This is not a coincidence but having a scientific reasons. The crustal active regions, refer to the places where the active natural earthquake, volcanic activities, underground water happened, and the areas of the leaking Off of natural gas to the surface of the crust. The magma of volcanic activities brings the organic "kitchen range body" hydrocarbon - generating model and inorganic genetic hydrocarbon to the regions covered by volcanic rock. Underground water brings a catalytic hydrocarbon generating model for organic matter, and the leaking - off of H2 and CO2 contributes a synthetic hydrocarbon - generating model. Volcanic activities bring the assemblage of Source, Reservoir and Seal formed by the sediments and magma the sedimentary basins, and the hydrocarbon - generating system with a "water - volcano" binary structure is formed. All these conditions are favorable and excellent for the formation of oil & gas fields. The distribution of AInerican oil & gas fields have very close relationship with the mines of Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, W and V, deposits of Zn, Cu, V, Pb, Al and Hg, and the deposits of fluorite, sulfur, potassium salt, phosphate and halite, and the distribution of sulfate - chloride of river water. The reason why few oil & gas fields discovered in the regions covered by volcanic rock in western America maybe because of the view of "inconsistency between petroleum and volcano". Further more, It’s very difficult to carry out a geophysical exploration in such kinds of regions. This paper examined a few hydrocarbon - generating models (systems) mentioned above and came up with some flesh ideas on the exploration in the areas covered with volcanic rocks.
