Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described;they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.

Study on the Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Field Development on the Ecological Red Line Area

To cooperate with the five ministries and commissions of the state to carry out joint investigation on the environmentally sensitive areas involved in oil and gas exploration and development,for the problems found in survey,containing complex type and numerous amount of ecologically sensitive space and ecological red line involved in oil and gas field enterprises,scientific nature of delimitation,lack of strong support of laws and regulations for forced withdrawal of oil and gas production facilities in these areas,some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed,such as further evaluating and combing scope and functional zoning of existing environmentally sensitive areas and ecological red lines,treating differently,enhancing pertinence of prohibition in ecologically sensitive regions,declining blindness of the withdrawal of oil and gas facilities in environmentally sensitive areas,strengthening seriousness of approval of exploration and mining rights of oil and gas resources,and establishing strategic reserve exploration and hierarchical development mechanism. Moreover,oil and gas field enterprises should integrate more efforts to ① accelerate to find out the current situation of environmental quality,② adhere to developing in protection,and protecting in development,③ increase attention and participation strengthen of providing technical support for national oil and gas exploration and development strategy evaluation,④ accelerate communication and docking with local governments on the ecological red line,⑤ actively strive to be included in the positive list management of local governments,⑥ accelerate to establish and perfect primary database of oil and gas production and facilities construction,and ⑦ document management information system of the ecological red line.

Measures of Environmental Protection of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Tarim Basin

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Research progress and challenges of natural gas hydrate resource evaluation in the South China Sea

As an efficient clean energy,natural gas hydrate(NGH)has become a hot topic in recent researches.Since1990 s,China has made great achievements and progress in NGH exploration in the South China Sea(SCS),including determination of the favorable distribution areas and favorable strata thickness,identification of the dual source for accumulation,evaluation of the prospective gas contents,verification of the widespread existence,and confirmation of the technical recoverability of NGH resources.However,there are three major challenges in the NGH studies.First,all the 24 national key and major projects in the SCS focused on trial production engineering and geological engineering in the past 20 years,while 8 of the 10 international NGH research projects focused on resource potential.Second,resource evaluation methods are outdated and some parameter selection are subjective.Third,the existing resource evaluation results are low-level with a great uncertainty,and cannot be used to guide NGH exploration and production or strategic research.To improve the evaluation of NGH resources in the SCS,future researches should focus on four aspects:(1)improve the research on the criterion of the objective existence of NGH and the method of prediction and evaluation;(2)apply new theories and methods from the global NGH research;(3)boost the research on the difference and correlation of the conditions of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in different basins;(4)innovate the theory and method of NGH resource potential evaluation.

Oil-gas reservoir in the Mesozoic strata in the Chaoshan depression,northern South China Sea:a new insight from long off set seismic data

The Chaoshan depression,a Mesozoic basin in the Dongsha sea area,northern South China Sea,is characterized by well-preserved Mesozoic strata,being good conditions for oil-gas preservation,promising good prospects for oil-gas exploration.However,breakthrough in oil-gas exploration in the Mesozoic strata has not been achieved due to less seismic surveys.New long-off set seismic data were processed that acquired with dense grid with single source and single cable.In addition,the data were processed with 3D imaging method and fi ner processing was performed to highlight the target strata.Combining the new imaging result and other geological information,we conducted integrated interpretation and proposed an exploratory well A-1-1 for potential hydrocarbon.The result provides a reliable basis for achieving breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration in the Mesozoic strata in the northern South China Sea.

Prospects of borehole NMR instruments and applications Dedicated to Professor Chaohui Ye on the occasion of his 80th birthday

Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is a powerful technology to characterize the petrophysical properties of underground reservoirs in the petroleum industry.The rising complexity of oil and gas exploration and development objectives,as well as the novel application contexts of underground reservoirs,have led to increasingly demanding requirements on borehole NMR technology including instrument design and related processing methods.This mini review summarizes the advances and applications of borehole NMR instruments along with some future possibilities.It may be helpful for researchers and engineers in the petroleum industry to understand the development status and future trends of borehole NMR technology.

Reservoir accumulation conditions and key exploration&development technologies for Keshen gas field in Tarim Basin

The Keshen gas field is located in the central part of Kuqa foreland thrust belt in Tarim Basin,and is another large gas field discovered in Kuqa depression after Kela 2 gas field.Since the breakthrough in 2008,a number of large and medium scale gas reservoirs including Keshen 2,Keshen 5 and Keshen 8 have been discovered,that are characterized by ultra depth,ultra-high pressure,ultra-low porosity,ultra-low permeability,high temperature and high pressure.With natural gas geological reserves of nearly trillion cubic meters and production capacity of nearly 5.5 billion cubic meters,the Keshen gas field is the main natural gas producing area in Tarim Oilfield.The Keshen gas field is located in a series of thrusting imbrication structures in the Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa foreland thrust belt.The salt roof structure,plastic rheology of salt beds and pre-salt faulted anticlinal structure constitute the large wedge-shaped thrust body.The thick delta sandstone of the Cretaceous Bashijike Formation is widely distributed,and it forms the superior reservoir-caprock combination with overlying Paleogene thick gypsum-salt bed.The deep Jurassic-Triassic oil and gas migrate vertically along fault system formed in Late Himalaya,break through the thick Cretaceous mudstone and move laterally along the fracture system of the pre-salt reservoirs,to form anticline and fault anticline high pressure reservoir groups.Through near ten years of studies,the three-dimensional seismic acquisition and processing technology for complex mountainous areas,extrusion salt-related structural modeling technology and fractured low-porosity sandstone reservoir evaluation technology have been established,which lay a foundation for realization of oil and gas exploration objectives.Logging acquisition and evaluation technology for high temperature,high pressure,ultra-deep and low-porosity sandstone gas reservoirs,and efficient development technology for fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs have been developed,which provide a technical support for efficient exploration&development and rapid production of the Keshen gas field.

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and key exploration and development technologies for PL 19-3 oilfield

The PL 19e3 Oilfield is the only super-large monolithic oilfield with oil and gas reserves up to 1×10^(9) t in the Bohai Bay Basin,and it has been successfully developed.Exploration and development practices have provided abundant data for analyzing formation conditions of this super-large oilfield.On the basis of the exploration and development history,fundamental reservoir features,and with available geological,geophysical and test data,the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and key exploration&development technologies of the PL 19e3 Oilfield were discussed.The key conditions for forming the super-large Neogene oilfield include four aspects.Firstly,the oilfield is located at the high position of the uplift that contacts the brachy-axis of the multi-ridge slope in the biggest hydrocarbon-rich sag in the Bohai Bay Basin,thus it has sufficient hydrocarbon source and extremely superior hydrocarbon migration condition.Secondly,the large-scale torsional anticlines which formed in the Neogene under the control of the Tanlu strike-slipping movement provide sufficient storage spaces for oil and gas preservation.Thirdly,the“multiple sets of composite reservoir-caprock assemblages”developing in the special shallow-water delta further contributes greatly to the effective storage space for oil and gas preservation.Fourthly,due to the coupling of the uplift and strike slip in the neotectonic period,extensive faulting activities constantly released the pressure while the late period massive hydrocarbon expulsion of the Bozhong took place at the same time,which assures the constant and intense charging of oil and gas.The super-large PL 19e3 Oilfield was controlled by the coupling effects of all those special geologic factors.In view of this oilfield's features(e.g.violently reformation caused by strike slip,and the special sedimentary environment of shallow-water delta),some key practical technologies for exploration and development have been developed.Such technologies include:the special prestack depth migration processing for gas cloud zones,the prediction of thin interbed reservoirs based on high-precision inversion of geologic model,the reservoir description for the shallow-water braided river delta,the quantitative description for remaining oil in the commingled oil reservoirs with wide well spacing and long well interval,and the well pattern adjustment for formations during high water cut period in the complex fluvial-facies oilfields.

基于WebGIS的油气勘探开发数据集成检索方法

数据集成检索是油气勘探开发数据信息化的重要手段,然而现行方法检索效果并不理想,且查准率也低。提出了基于WebGIS技术的油气勘探开发数据集成检索方法,采用网络爬虫技术采集油气勘探开发数据,通过转换及标准化处理数据格式,建立数据索引,采用对数据语义特征提取和分析的方法,检索到与检索语义相似的油气勘探开发数据。实验证明:新的数据集成检索方法折扣累计收益值在9以上,查准率在95%以上,在油气勘探开发数据基础检索方面具有良好的应用前景。

油气企业数据治理探索与实践

数据治理是企业实现数字化转型的关键基础和重大挑战。近年来,国际大型油气公司相继推出勘探开发一体化智能化协同平台来推动各业务领域的数据信息共享,国内油气企业也纷纷自上而下启动了集团级的数据治理,完善了相关组织机构,编制发布了相关顶层设计、规范和标准,以统一的技术平台为支撑,不同程度地探索开展了勘探开发、经营管理等领域数据治理的实践。文章以中国海油为例分析了油气企业数据治理面临的挑战,介绍了中国海油勘探开发和经营管理数据治理的成果实践。

油气勘探开发数字化转型人工智能应用大势所趋

近年人工智能技术全面爆发,成为数字经济发展的重要引擎。人工智能技术的应用已成为油气数字化转型的关键一步,并在提高油气勘探开发效率、降低运营生产成本、保障安全生产、降低环境风险等方面发挥巨大的推动作用。文章阐述了人工智能技术在储层评价、测井、物探、钻完井、油藏工程、油气田工程等领域的研发应用现状,国内外油公司积极探索人工智能合作研发模式,在非常规油气领域加快人工智能应用布局,已取得初步效果。当前油气勘探开发人工智能应用面临着诸多挑战,如数据获取成本高,数据质量问题突出,业务场景复杂,无法单纯依靠数据驱动,研发生态尚未成熟,短期见效慢,认识尚浅,配套机制跟不上等。针对人工智能落地应用提出如下建议:建立数据质量管理框架,实现持续自动化检查提高数据质量;将行业机理模型和人工智能技术融合,培养复合型人才;共建智慧能源合作生态,鼓励智慧能源生态发展;要清楚认识数字化转型、智能化发展是系统工程、持续工程。

浅析Python在油气勘探开发中的应用与发展

勘探开发领域数据正在呈指数级增长,只有发展更高级的数据处理方法才能适应其增长速度,具备易于学习、可读性高、拥有海量第三方库等优点的Python在这一领域中的应用愈发广泛。详细讨论Python在数据处理、地质建模、深度学习和可视化等方面的应用,举例强调Python在这些方面取得的突出成效,展望了油气勘探开发行业未来的发展方向,包括数据科学、人工智能和自动化等领域,指出Python对油气勘探开发的帮助与影响是巨大的,油气勘探开发行业与Python在数据科学、人工智能和自动化等多领域的结合也将愈发紧密。同时软件开发人员也需要了解Python的局限性,从而使Python与软件开发人员两者相辅相成,以期在油气勘探开发领域取得更加显著的成效。

利用地震属性预测砂岩储集层厚度及含油饱和度

二连盆地阿南凹陷蒙古林油田下白垩统腾格尔组一段砂岩的非均质性很严重,油水分布十分复杂,为已投入开发的该油田进一步滚动勘探开发带来困难。应用该油田连片处理后的三维地震资料,精细制作了2口较深井的合成地震记录,经80余口井验证,准确确定了腾一段油层顶面地震反射层位,进行油层顶面构造形态精细解释。在此基础上,先应用Landmark自动解释系统,单道分时窗提取出四大类(振幅谱类,复地震道类,谱类,地层层序类)20种地震属性;再对它们进行相关分析,选出3种属性(最大波谷振幅,平均瞬时频率,正负值样点数比值)进行聚类分析,得到反映低频、高振幅的黑色地震属性点平面图;然后将所需井点的储集层参数与这3种属性参数进行多项式回归分析,得到不同地震属性所代表的储集层厚度和含油饱和度分布。将预测结果和实钻结果对比,砂岩厚度误差为1～2m,含油饱和度误差为1%～5%,预测结果可靠而直观,为蒙古林油田北部滚动勘探开发中的扩边工作部署提供了依据。

综合解释技术在孔南地区火成岩油藏研究中的应用

孔南地区位于黄骅坳陷风化店构造带西南部，构造复杂，火成岩储集体规模大、厚度变化大且岩性致密，纵向上主要分布在孔店组一段和中生界。以工作站技术为依托，建立了一套以处理地震信息为主的火成岩储集体综合解释技术，包括地层对比、层位确定、构造精细解释和综合解释。在孔南地区火成岩油藏滚动勘探开发中，用这项技术解释了家8井区和枣22自然断块火成岩储集体，并用模式识别技术对它们进行了含油气性模式识别，预测均为有利含油区。这2个特殊类型油藏新钻井的试油结果证实预测可靠，投入开发后取得显著经济效益。综合解释技术在孔南地区火成岩油藏研究中得以成功应用，其基础是对该区地质规律的深入认识，关键是要从井出发，充分利用多种信息、多种方法，进行综合分析和综合解释。图4照片1参1（王孝陵搞）

GIS三维空间数据模型的发展与集成

基于地理信息系统的诸多优越性及其在石油勘探开发领域广阔的应用前景 ,在前人研究的基础上 ,针对三维地理信息系统 (三维GIS)中的关键技术三维空间数据模型 ,结合石油勘探开发工作 ,分析讨论了三维数据模型集成的必要性以及TIN与CSG、八叉树与TEN、矢量与栅格等集成数据模型实现的方法和思路 ,提出了在石油勘探开发应用中模型集成的适用类型及有关要求。

网格环境中的多维数据信息集成访问研究

在实际的应用环境中,网格数据管理需要集成已有的信息资源,并通过发布领域相关的元数据获得领域内信息数据的集成访问。该文以油气勘探开发领域内的信息资源为主要研究对象,在分析了它的多维度、多层次、结构化特点的基础上,设计了一种对已有数据库集成访问的网格构件IAC。同时,给出了描述IAC代理数据内容及映射关系的元数据模式,并讨论了该构件在应用网格体系结构中的作用。

胜利油田勘探开发大数据及人工智能技术应用进展

针对勘探开发业务流程及热点问题,阐述了大数据及人工智能技术的研究及应用进展。经过持续攻关研究,在胜利油田油气勘探方面形成了断层检测、层位提取、岩性识别、测井解释等多个应用场景的智能化技术,断层解释效率提升10倍以上,测井砂泥岩岩性识别准确率超过90%;在油气开发方面,探索实现了注采响应识别、开发指标预测、方案智能优化等场景的智能化应用方法,方案优化效率提高5倍以上。研究表明,大数据及人工智能技术具有多维度、多尺度数据高效分析能力,不仅可大幅度提升工作效率,而且有助于提升地质建模和油藏工程预测精度。同时,针对现有技术应用问题,未来将重点聚焦核心算法攻关、样本数据标准制定及样本库扩充、智能应用平台建设等工作方向,逐步实现勘探开发全方位、全流程的智能化应用落地,推动油气勘探开发领域智能技术发展,助力油气行业提质增效。

油气勘探数据仓库的建设及其相关技术

从油气勘探的角度阐述了数据仓库在该领域的应用 ,并从油气勘探数据仓库建设、数据仓库的结构体系。