Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Interaction of ions in water system containing copper-zinc alloy for boiler energy saving

Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally.The fouling was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray detector(EDX).The results show that the transfer of calcium and magnesium ions in heat-transfer-surface-water system is affected by zinc ions dissolved from the alloy because of primary battery reaction.Some calcium ions of calcium carbonate crystal are replaced by zinc ions,the growth of aragonite crystal nucleus is retarded,and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite is hampered.

Discussion on the application of the concept of environmental protection and energy saving in the design of building water supply and drainage

With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.

Conceptual design of energy-saving stripping process for industrial sour water

Sour water contains ammonia,carbon dioxide,and hydrogen sulfides,producing from oil refining,coking,and coal gasification.To reduce the energy consumption in sour water stripping,a novel process is proposed which integrates with the bottom flashing mechanical vapor recompression heat pump(MVRHP)for treating such wastewater.Here,Aspen PlusTM as a powerful set of chemical process simulation software is utilized to investigate the economy and feasibility of the novel process.Comparison of the results of two process simulations,it can be seen that it is possible to reduce the total annual cost by nearly 45%to adopt the novel process,despite the capital investment increase 45%more than the conventional process.Thus,the provided conceptual design will play a guiding role in the industrialization of the process.

Research on Energy Saving Optimization of MVR Distilled Water Machine

Compared with the multi-effect distilled water machine,the mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)distilled water machine has many advantages,and has been a trend to replace the traditional distilled water machine.Based on the conservation equations of mass and energy,this paper designs an MVR distilled water production process and establishes the corresponding thermodynamic model.Effects of the produced water temperature,heat exchange temperature difference,compressor adiabatic efficiency,and pipeline loss to the produced water energy consumption,energy saving rate and coefficient of performance(COP)were studied.Research shows that the MVR distilled water machine is more suitable for occasions with low water production temperature.Appropriate heat exchangers and compressors should be selected to improve comprehensive performance through heat exchange temperature differences and improving adiabatic efficiency.

Research of Energy-saving Control of Oil-well Power Heater Based on RNN Neural Network

For the beam pumping unit,the power consumption of oil-well power heater accounts for a large part of the pumping unit.Decreasing the energy consumption of the power heater is an important approach to reduce that of the pumping unit.To decrease the energy consumption of oil-well power heater,the proper control method is needed.Based on summarizing the existing control method of power heater,a control method of oil-well power heater of beam pumping unit based on RNN neural network is proposed.The method is forecasting the polished rod load of the beam pumping unit through RNN neural network and using the polished rod load for real-time closed-loop control of the power heater,which adjusts average output power,so as to decrease the power consumption.The experimental data show that the control method is entirely feasible.It not only ensures the oil production,but also improves the energy-saving effect of the pumping unit.

Research on Green Transformation of Campus Sponge and Energy Saving Facilities on Sloping Land

Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning,this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus,the composition of the drainage system and the layout of space functions,and formulates a characteristic scheme for the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities according to the characteristics of the sloping campus.In order to control the total amount of rainwater runoff,the sponge transformation mainly adopts the transformation methods of partition catchment,upper storage and lower use,multi-stage detection and classification treatment.For the purpose of solar energy and wind energy utilization,solar photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind power generation system are adopted.The application effects of sponge and energy-saving facilities are estimated and evaluated.

Water and Energy Conservation of Rainwater Harvesting System in the Loess Plateau of China

Water is the source of all the creatures on the earth and energy is the main factor driving the world. With the increasing population and global change, water and energy conservation have become worldwide focal issues, particularly in the water-stressed and energy-limited regions. Rainwater harvesting, based on the collection and storage of rainfall runoff, has been widely used for domestic use and agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. It has advantages of simple operation, high adaption, low cost and less energy consumption. This study reviewed rainwater harvesting systems adopted in the Loess Plateau of China and analyzed water use efficiency （WUE） for various rainwater harvesting techniques. Supplemental irrigation using harvested rainwater could increase crop yield by more than 30%, and WUE ranged from 0.7 to 5.7 kg m4 for spring wheat, corn and flax, and 30-40 kg m-3 for vegetables. Moreover, energy consumption for rainwater harvesting based on single family was compared with traditional water supply in the city of the Loess Plateau using the life cycle assessment （LCA） method. Results showed that energy consumption yielded per unit harvested rainwater was 25.96 MJ m-3 yr which was much less than 62.25 MJ m3 yr^-1 for main water supply in Baoji City, Shanxi Province, meaning that rainwater harvesting saved energy by 139.8% as compared to the main water supply system. This study highlights the importance and potential of rainwater harvesting for water and energy conservation in the near future.

Technologies for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Energy in China

While the shortage of water and energy is a well-recognized worldwide natural resources issue, little attention has been given to irrigation energy efficiency. In this paper, we examine the potential energy savings that can be achieved by implementing improved irrigation technologies in China. The use of improved irrigation management measures such as a flow meter, irrigation scheduling, and/or regular maintenance and upgrades, typically reduces the amount of water pumped over the course of a growing season. The total energy saved by applying these improved measures could reach 20%, as compared with traditional irrigation methods. Two methods of irrigation water conveyance by traditional earth canal and low pressure pipeline irrigation （LPPI） were also evaluated. Our study indicated that LPPI could save 6.48x 109 kWh yr1 when applied to 11 Chinese provinces. Also, the COz emission was reduced by 6.72 metric tons per year. Among these 11 surveyed provinces, the energy saving potential for two provinces, Hebei and Shandong, could reach 1.45 x 109 kWh yr^-1. Using LPPI, potential energy saved and CO2 emissions reduced in the other 20 Chinese provinces were estimated at about 2.97×109 kWh yr-1 and 2.69 metric tons per year, respectively. The energy saving potential for Heilongjiang, a major agriculture province, could reach 1.77× 109 kWh yr-1, which is the largest in all provinces. If LPPI is applied to the entire country, average annual energy saving of more than 9 billion kWh and average annual CO2 emission reduction of more than 9.0 metric tons could be realized. Rice is one of the largest users of the world＇s fresh water resources. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation （ITI） can improve yield and water-use efficiency in paddy fields. The total increments of net output energy and yield by ITI in paddy fields across China could reach 2.5× 1016 calories and l07 tons, respectively. So far only a small part of agricultural land in China has adopted water and energy saving technologies. Therefore, potential water and energy savings in China by adapting improved irrigation technology could be significant and should be carefully studied and applied.

Optimization of Temperature Drop Formula for Annular Gathering Pipeline in High Water Cut Oil Region of Central Hebei Province

In order to respond to the national policy of energy saving and consumption reduction, the temperature drop formula of annular pipeline should be established to optimize the water mixing temperature and water mixing flow. The traditional temperature drop formula applies the high water cut actual situation to 13.7%. On the basis of the traditional Schulhof temperature drop formula, the influence of hydraulic friction on the oil flow temperature is calculated by the calculus idea. The heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline under the complex condition is obtained by the inverse algorithm, and the water mixing flow and water temperature are simulated with MATLAB. The function surface diagram of the degree and the back station temperature. The actual error can be reduced to 4.8%, and the return station temperature can be optimized by 7 degrees.

Energy and Buildings

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/212/suppl/C Volume 212,1 April 2020(1)Assessment of the impact of HVAC system configuration and control zoning on thermal comfort and energy efficiency in flexible office spaces,by Jasmin Anika Grtner,Francesco Massa Gray,Thomas Auer,Article 109785Abstract:In office buildings,the space layout usually needs to be repeatedly redesigned in order to meet tenants’requirements during the building’s life cycle.In this study,the effect of a flexible space layout design on thermal comfort and energy demand is investigated in a modern open-plan office space.Using dynamic thermal simulation.

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的间歇采油制度优化

对于低渗透率油井,采用间歇采油制度能有效避免空抽磨损,并减少电能消耗量。为此通过分析沉没度和地层流压随抽油机井生产时间变化的规律,从系统节能的角度出发,建立以采油总产量最大、能耗最低为目标的间歇采油制度多目标优化模型。引入NSGA-Ⅱ并改进该算法对间歇采油制度多目标优化模型求解,运用改进算法得到的Pareto最优解的多样性和收敛性,合理优化抽油机的最优停机时间,最大效率地提升采油效率的同时,最小化电能消耗量。试验结果表明,基于Pareto多目标遗传算法的间歇采油机制优化具有明显的优势,在优化系统效率的同时能够有效减少电能消耗。研究结果可为油井间歇采油机制的改进和优化提供有力的技术支持。

基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉燃褐煤发电技术研究

针对高水分褐煤燃烧发电中存在的热效率低和低负荷稳燃困难等问题,提出了基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统的新型高效燃褐煤发电技术,该技术采用基于汽轮机抽汽加热的过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统,保证了制粉系统的运行安全性,提高了燃烧系统的运行灵活性,实现了制粉系统与锅炉主机的运行解耦,并综合解决了褐煤锅炉炉温低、热效率低的等问题。以600 MW超临界燃褐煤机组为例,对采用该技术的热力系统进行了仿真,分析了其节能与环保效益。研究结果表明,该技术通过对锅炉与汽轮机整体热力系统的综合优化,将汽轮机回热系统扩大至高水分煤的干燥过程,同时梯级回收锅炉排烟废热和制粉乏汽废热至汽轮机回热系统,可获得较为显著的节煤效益。同时,该技术不仅可由节煤相应减少各类污染物及CO_(2)排放,还可回收大量水资源,有望实现零水耗电厂。

地下水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。分别以石英石、玻璃珠作为多孔介质做对比性试验,通过试验得出:石英石颗粒不均匀,级配不良,颗粒间的咬合力为大肠杆菌的沉积提供了“温床”,进而孔隙水压力呈现先增大后减小再稳定的状态;但玻璃珠颗粒粒径均匀,同时颗粒之间光滑,咬合力小,不利于大肠杆菌的沉积,孔隙水压力呈现陡减的现象。建立大肠杆菌渗透率衰减数学模型,将理论值和室内试验值进行数据拟合,从验证的结果看,所提渗透率衰减模型对预见微生物的迁移和沉积所引起的孔隙率减小是有效的。

热泵精馏耦合吸收处理含盐氨水

针对含盐氨水的回收与处理,利用蒸发除盐、精馏脱氨并耦合吸收制备一定浓度的氨水。采用一系列节能技术对蒸发和精馏进行计算优化,即双效蒸发与塔顶蒸汽直接压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅠ)、热泵蒸发与塔顶蒸汽直接压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅡ)和热泵蒸发与塔底闪蒸再压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅢ)。选用ELECNRTL电解质模型计算物系的热力学数据和相平衡数据,并以年总费用、综合能耗和热力学效率等作为工艺评价指标,对提出的以上3种处理工艺进行模拟与优化。研究结果表明,与SchemeⅠ相比,SchemeⅡ和SchemeⅢ可分别节省年总费用22.18%和31.66%;节约能耗47.56%和57.87%;而热力学效率则分别提高了8.59%和2.28%。显然,SchemeⅢ在年总费用与能耗方面更具优势,SchemeⅡ在热力学效率方面更具优势。

高安屯再生水厂碳中和实践措施及效果

高安屯再生水厂位于北京市,水处理规模20万m^(3)/d,主体工艺为AAO+砂滤池,污泥处理中心规模1836 t/d(污泥含水率80%),主体工艺为热水解+厌氧消化+板框脱水。对比了不同碳核算标准,确定了高安屯再生水厂碳排放计算边界。高安屯再生水厂碳中和项目采用节能降耗、回收能源、利用清洁能源的方法,是泥水共治、餐厨协同、多能耦合、能源自给的大型碳中和示范工程。

煤矿井下供水管网智能调控策略方法研究

煤矿井下供水管网系统是保证煤矿安全生产的关键环节,针对煤矿井下供水管网系统能耗高、管网漏损率高以及调控复杂度增加等问题,以陕西亭南煤矿井下实际供水系统工况展开智能调控策开研究。综合管网影响调控因素建立两级优化调度模型,通过一级优化调度确定每个水泵房的最佳供水压力与供水量,然后以泵组的运行费用为目标函数,建立二级优化模型寻求水泵的最佳运行方案。求解模型中针对传统遗传算法易陷入局部最优解的问题,采用了组合变异算子进行改进。实验结果表明,通过优化调度后,煤矿井下供水系统的能耗明显降低,节能效果显著,在保障供水系统的安全运行的前提下平均日节能8.8%。

稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置设计及其试验

为提高稠油井电加热系统的加热效率,解决油田中频电源加热运行控制主要依靠人工经验设置和低效的自动控制造成电能浪费的现状,本文设计了稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置。基于非嵌入式获取的油井生产电信号,以稠油开采电机的电功率为闭环反馈信号,获取油液最优温度的参考输入。在此基础之上,通过井口油液温度的微分反馈环节,改善温度迟滞效应,实现中频电源的节能优化控制。通过对嵌入式硬件核心电路模块的设计和主要软件功能的开发,不仅实现了稠油井电加热过程的动态控制,还实现了各项运行指标的现场及云端的实时监测。稠油井场试验分析表明,所设计的稠油电加热嵌入式控制装置符合井场节能安全的生产需求,节约能耗可达20%。

水能风机在循环水冷却系统的应用

介绍了循环水冷却系统中采用水能风机代替大功率电动机实现节能降耗的实施措施,分析了改造后带来的经济效益。

“双碳”背景下医院住院病人水控管理系统的定量分析——以某三甲医院2019-2022年数据为例

针对医院在“双碳”目标下管理和控制住院病人洗澡用水的问题进行了深入研究,通过整理某三甲医院2019-2022年的水控数据,定量分析了住院病人的用水情况,并评估了各种因素对用水量的影响。研究结果表明,即使在严格落实“一床一陪护”制度的今天,水控系统仍然能够显著降低住院用水,同时日间手术量、床位周转率等指标也与住院患者用水量有相关性。提出与运用的定量分析模型对医院精细化管理有积极意义,提供了对病区管理评价的新工具。