This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primaril...This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primarily constructed by CNOOC. Considering the manufacturing of and application of deepwater drilling equipment in China, the authors put forward suggestions regarding industry policies and the standardization of China's offshore engineering equipment.展开更多
After industrial mango processing,tons of residues such as peels and kernels are discarded as waste.Nevertheless,almost 60% of the mango kernel is due to starch on a dry weight basis.Herein,starch from mango(Manguifer...After industrial mango processing,tons of residues such as peels and kernels are discarded as waste.Nevertheless,almost 60% of the mango kernel is due to starch on a dry weight basis.Herein,starch from mango(Manguifera Indica L.)kernel was applied to obtain a starch fatty ester with vinyl laurate,in DMSO,under basic catalysis.FTIR,1H and 13C NMR confirmed that a starch ester with a degree of modification of 2.6 was produced.TGA showed that the modified starch has higher thermal stability than its precursors and higher than a vinyl laurate/starch physical blend.SEM data showed that granular shape and smooth surface on mango starch changed after chemical modification to a continuous and shapeless morphology.This industrial reject derivative behaved as an efficient alternative environmentally friendly fluid loss controller in oil drilling fluids,even in conditions of high temperatures and high pressures(HTHP)drilling.展开更多
Nowadays,energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil,gas and coal sources.Because of rapid population,civilization and energy consumption growth,the improved technologies to make optimal...Nowadays,energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil,gas and coal sources.Because of rapid population,civilization and energy consumption growth,the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources,solving related problems and finding new energy sources are important.More than 10 years ago,nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry(upstream,midstream and downstream).The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas(underground or deep water),drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface,as well as transportation,storage,processing and purifying methods.Nanoparticles with high specific surface area,pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties,which could be applied in several applications.In this regard,many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration,drilling,production and enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Also,in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil,processing and purifying of raw natural gas,transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products,the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the environment.Lowering sulfur gasoline,enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using nanotechnology.In this work,various types of nanoparticles such as metallic,metal oxide,hybrid nanoparticles,carbon nanomaterials,nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are reviewed.Also,their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.展开更多
We simulated the stress changes around a salt basin using a static salt structure model under compressive stress background to investigate the stress perturbation caused by different salt body shapes and amplitudes. W...We simulated the stress changes around a salt basin using a static salt structure model under compressive stress background to investigate the stress perturbation caused by different salt body shapes and amplitudes. We designed a two-layer salt model with three bulges and sags using finite element methods to calculate the stress perturbation around the salt. The results show that salt shape is closely related to the stress perturbation in the sediments around the salt, and the fluctuations of the bulge and sag(smooth or steep) can also affect the stress perturbation magnitude. Extrusion horizontal stress, normal stress, and out-of-plane stress on the plane would occur near the salt uplift in a compressive tectonic stress environment. In contrast, tensile horizontal stress, out-of-plane stress, and vertical stress would occur near the salt sag. In addition, smoother bulges are associated with smaller produced stress perturbations, and steeper sags are associated with a greater reduction of stress perturbation in the sediment. The stress of a salt structure in western Kelasu of the Kuqa depression was simulated and the applicability of previous conclusions regarding this structure was verified. These conclusions provide scientific basis for the prediction of stress perturbations around salt basin systems.展开更多
The flow stress behavior of grade G-105 steel （API standard） for oil drill pipe in hot compressive deformation was studied by isothermal compression tests on Gleeble- 1500 thermal-mechanical machine. Referring to es...The flow stress behavior of grade G-105 steel （API standard） for oil drill pipe in hot compressive deformation was studied by isothermal compression tests on Gleeble- 1500 thermal-mechanical machine. Referring to established empirical formulas, the constitutive equation of the flow stress for G-105 steel was obtained. For the grade G- 105 oil drill pipe （φ114.3× 10.92 mm）, through proper design of the die and applying suitable process parameters, and using coupled rigid viscoplastic thermo-mechanical finite element method, the forming process of making upset on oil drill pipe was numerically simulated. The simulation results show that the internal transition section of the oil drill pipe is not only continuous and smooth but also long （up to about 220-250 mm）.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primarily constructed by CNOOC. Considering the manufacturing of and application of deepwater drilling equipment in China, the authors put forward suggestions regarding industry policies and the standardization of China's offshore engineering equipment.
文摘After industrial mango processing,tons of residues such as peels and kernels are discarded as waste.Nevertheless,almost 60% of the mango kernel is due to starch on a dry weight basis.Herein,starch from mango(Manguifera Indica L.)kernel was applied to obtain a starch fatty ester with vinyl laurate,in DMSO,under basic catalysis.FTIR,1H and 13C NMR confirmed that a starch ester with a degree of modification of 2.6 was produced.TGA showed that the modified starch has higher thermal stability than its precursors and higher than a vinyl laurate/starch physical blend.SEM data showed that granular shape and smooth surface on mango starch changed after chemical modification to a continuous and shapeless morphology.This industrial reject derivative behaved as an efficient alternative environmentally friendly fluid loss controller in oil drilling fluids,even in conditions of high temperatures and high pressures(HTHP)drilling.
文摘Nowadays,energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil,gas and coal sources.Because of rapid population,civilization and energy consumption growth,the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources,solving related problems and finding new energy sources are important.More than 10 years ago,nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry(upstream,midstream and downstream).The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas(underground or deep water),drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface,as well as transportation,storage,processing and purifying methods.Nanoparticles with high specific surface area,pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties,which could be applied in several applications.In this regard,many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration,drilling,production and enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Also,in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil,processing and purifying of raw natural gas,transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products,the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the environment.Lowering sulfur gasoline,enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using nanotechnology.In this work,various types of nanoparticles such as metallic,metal oxide,hybrid nanoparticles,carbon nanomaterials,nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are reviewed.Also,their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.
基金Supported by the China National Research and Development Project(2018YFC0603500,2016YFC0600310)
文摘We simulated the stress changes around a salt basin using a static salt structure model under compressive stress background to investigate the stress perturbation caused by different salt body shapes and amplitudes. We designed a two-layer salt model with three bulges and sags using finite element methods to calculate the stress perturbation around the salt. The results show that salt shape is closely related to the stress perturbation in the sediments around the salt, and the fluctuations of the bulge and sag(smooth or steep) can also affect the stress perturbation magnitude. Extrusion horizontal stress, normal stress, and out-of-plane stress on the plane would occur near the salt uplift in a compressive tectonic stress environment. In contrast, tensile horizontal stress, out-of-plane stress, and vertical stress would occur near the salt sag. In addition, smoother bulges are associated with smaller produced stress perturbations, and steeper sags are associated with a greater reduction of stress perturbation in the sediment. The stress of a salt structure in western Kelasu of the Kuqa depression was simulated and the applicability of previous conclusions regarding this structure was verified. These conclusions provide scientific basis for the prediction of stress perturbations around salt basin systems.
文摘The flow stress behavior of grade G-105 steel （API standard） for oil drill pipe in hot compressive deformation was studied by isothermal compression tests on Gleeble- 1500 thermal-mechanical machine. Referring to established empirical formulas, the constitutive equation of the flow stress for G-105 steel was obtained. For the grade G- 105 oil drill pipe （φ114.3× 10.92 mm）, through proper design of the die and applying suitable process parameters, and using coupled rigid viscoplastic thermo-mechanical finite element method, the forming process of making upset on oil drill pipe was numerically simulated. The simulation results show that the internal transition section of the oil drill pipe is not only continuous and smooth but also long （up to about 220-250 mm）.
