Structural Characteristics and Evolution of Jurassic Basins in the East of Middle Qilian Block

Structural characteristics of the Jurassic basins of Xining, Minhe, and Xiji in the east of middle Qilian were researched based on the data obtained by gravitational, magnetic, and seismic methods. The result shows that each of these three basins is an independent structural unit with a NW strike and being separated by upheavals. Two groups of faults with NW and NE directions are developed in the basin, which controls the formation and evolution of the (Jurassic basins). The NW faults are the main ones while the NE faults are the secondary for controlling the sedimentation. Of the three basins, the Minhe basin is the favorable prospecting area.

Adaptability Study of Intelligent Well Systems in East China Sea Oil Field

Intelligent well system is the well that has a set of equipment fixed in the down hole including sensing devices, data transmission system and operating devices for information acquiring, data gathering and decision analysis. By this remote control process, the smart well system can ultimately optimize well deliverability; it is used more and more often in oil fields with its stability and control technique. At present, the main intelligent well systems in the worm include SCRAMS, Direct Hydraulic, Digital Hydraulic that belongs to WellDynamics Company, InForce and InCharge that belongs to Baker Oil Tools Company, RMC that belongs to Schlumberger Company. This paper compares different types of systems and their characteristics, recommending the InCharge system as the intelligent well system for East China Sea Oil Field according to its geological and reservoir conditions.

Development Plan of East Unity Oil Field, Sudan, Using Reservoir Simulation Study

Simulation study was applied in the development planning of East Unity oilfield, Sudan. A grid consisting of 2 000 cells was constructed. A major challenge of the study wasto evolve a full field development and future reservoir management strategy that would ensuremaximum recovery of oil based on well Un51. Simulation shows that Un51 as injection well inAradiebaC would yield better oil recovery than to be production well.

The Middle East and North Africa （MENA） Oil Exporters After the Global Crisis

Our research topic is about the economic situation in the Middle East and North Africa （MENA） oil exporters after the global crisis in 2008. The authors tried to find the answers to the questions such as ＂How bad or good is the situation there？＂ and ＂what is the expectation about the future of the region？＂ Like other countries around the world, the MENA oil exporters, comprised of Algeria, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen were adversely affected by the global crisis. The MENA oil exporters are recently recovering from their recession in 2009 when the global crisis was felt intensively there. GDP in the region has grown by 3.5 percent in 2010 after a low growth of 0.7 percent in 2009. The average real GDP growth excluding Libya is projected to reach 4.9 percent in 2011. Two developments mark the outlook： the unrest in the region and the surge in global fuel and food prices. For most oil exporters, the expected increase in oil prices and production volumes will lead to higher growth in 2011 and stronger fiscal and external balances, notwithstanding recent increases in government spending. The oil exporters＇ combined external current account surplus is estimated to increase. The effects of the political events in Tunisia and Egypt have spread in varying degrees to the MENA oil exporters in the region, and many of these countries are responding with public spending and job-creation measures to alleviate social tensions. The social unrest also highlights the need to pursue fundamental economic reforms--social policy, fiscal management, governance, business environment, labor markets, and financial sector access to facilitate more inclusive economic growth. While the MENA countries are generally divided into two sub-regions such as ＂oil exporters＂ and ＂oil importers＂ in the economic literature, the authors will deal with only the MENA oil exporters in this work. The negative effects of the global crisis in these countries on growth, inflation, current account balance, budget balance, and finally financial sector will be reviewed in this work and the expectations and the developments which occurred after the crisis in these countries will be dealt with especially in the context of the IMF reports.

Positive carbon isotope excursions:global correlation and genesis in the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the northern Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Stable carbon isotope ratio （δ13Ccarb） analysis has been widely applied to the study of the inter-conti- nental or global marine carbonate correlation. Large-scale Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate platforms were developed in the Tarim Basin. But research on fluctuation character- istics and global correlation of δ13Ccarb is still weak. Based on conodont biostratigraphy and whole-rock δ13Ccarb data in the Tahe oil-gas field of the northern Tarim Basin, the global correlation and genesis of positive carbon isotope excursions in the Darriwilian--Early Katian was exam- ined. Three positive excursions were identified in the Tahe oil-gas field including the middle Darriwilian carbon iso- tope excursion （MDICE）, the Guttenberg carbon isotope excursion （GICE）, and a positive excursion within the Pygodus anserinus conodont zone which is named the Early Sandbian carbon isotope excursion （ESICE） in this paper. Furthermore, these positive excursions had no direct relation with sea level fluctuations. MDICE and GICE could be globally correlated. The Middle-Upper Ordovi- cian Saergan Formation source rocks of the Kalpin outcrops were in accordance with the geological time of MDICE and ESICE. GICE had close relationship with the source rock of the Lianglitag Formation in the basin.Massive organic carbon burial was an important factor controlling the genesis of these positive excursions.

The Impacts of Global Energy Transition on Middle East Politics

Due to the symbiotic relations between oil and the contemporary Middle East, a global energy transition is bound to affect the Middle East's international status and the power structure among its countries. The power gap between rich and poor countries will widen, and the “big politics of small states” in countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar may become more prominent. As economic development has become the top priority of national strategies, many hot spots in the Middle East have cooled down as relations between rival countries have eased and there are even signs of multilateral economic cooperation. Meanwhile, there are signs of vicious economic competition among related countries. With the decline of the Middle East's global importance, the United States and Europe are moving further away while the interdependence between Asia and the Middle East is increasing. Reforms to tackle the energy transition in the Middle East are a race against time, difficult, and uncertain, but the signs so far are positive.

Natural gas from East Hebei Oil Field available for Tangshan people

The commissioning of Nanbao-Tangshan gas pipeline started to transported natural gas from East Hebei Oil Field to Tangshan City, Hebei Province since June 16th. More than 20 000 households in Tangshan have completed

Using cyclic alternating water injection to enhance oil recovery for carbonate reservoirs developed by linear horizontal well pattern

In view of high water cut and low oil recovery caused by the unidirectional flow in linear pattern of horizontal wells for the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,this paper provides a novel approach to improve oil recovery by converting linear water injection to cyclic alternating water injection patterns including cyclic alternating water injection with apparent inverted seven-spot pattern or apparent five-spot pattern and cyclic differential alternating water injection.The main advantage of using this strategy is that the swept efficiency is improved by changing injection-production streamlines and displacement directions,which means displacement from two different direction for the same region during a complete cycle.This technology is effective in increasing the swept efficiency and tapping the remaining oil,thus resulting in higher oil recovery.Field application with three new patterns in a carbonate reservoir in the Middle East is successful.By optimizing injection and production parameters based on the cyclic alternating well pattern,the test well group had a maximum increase of daily oil production per well of 23.84 m^(3) and maximum water cut drop of 18%.By further optimizing the distance(keep a long distance)between the heels of injection and production wells,the waterflooding performance could be better with water cut decreasing and oil production increasing.

中东石油平台项目法兰管理特殊注意事项

中东石油平台项目,由于中东油品硫化氢含量高,硫化氢属于有毒有害气体,泄露的话对人体危害大,所以中东项目管线系统密封性要求高,特别是一些含硫化氢等酸性流体的系统,对于法兰密封的要求就更高,对于法兰类型的选择,相应特殊工艺对法兰管理方法和要求也提出相对于常规油气项目的一些特殊要求。为了保证法兰密封效果,就需要对法兰材料选择,法兰管理方式,螺栓摩擦系数等参数正确选择。

中东铝工业的发展简史——世界铝工业百年兴衰史系列(八)

回顾20世纪70年代以来中东铝工业发展历程。中东是世界石油储量的富集地,两次能源危机使这里的石油生产国成为世界最富有的国家之一,有充足的资金发展铝工业。早期只有巴林和阿联酋(迪拜)大力发展铝工业,成果斐然;进入21世纪,卡塔尔、阿曼、沙特先后进军铝工业,各国大力发展非油气产业和调整经济结构,一批具有国际竞争力的新建铝厂拔地而起。中东电解铝厂全部配套自备电厂,用天然气和燃油发电,与下游铝加工合作等,厂区都有预留,扩建空间足。中东各国铝消费量有限,具有典型的出口导向。

The Oil Politics & Geopolitical Risks with China “Going out” Strategy toward the Greater Middle East

China-the Greater Middle East oil relations are of strategic importance to China’s energy security.Beijing’s energy security is mainly that of geopolitics in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA).As the geopolitical conflicts in the MENA are defined as long-running and insolvable in the foreseeable future,oil supplies from these regions are inevitably unstable,which exerts direct impact not only on international energy market and oil prices,but also on China’s energy security itself.Despite the substantial progress made over the years in China-the Greater Middle East energy cooperation,restrictive factors such as resource nationalism are many,obstructing further development in this regard.Up to date,major cooperative breakthroughs are yet to be achieved in China’s involvement in the exploration and production of the upstream sector in oil-rich Gulf countries.Pipeline politics is another challenge.Overall,China's incapability and policy for oil politics and geopolitical risks,the energy geopolitical risk will pose long-term impact on China's energy security.Accordingly,the paper tries to come up with some reflection concerning policies or policy proposals that may help to push China-the Greater Middle Eastern energy cooperation.

The Middle East Oil and the Sino-US Relations

The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries over the last decade.China’s energy pursuits in the Middle East have led to tensions in Sino-US relations and may also pose effect upon the American energy and security interests in the region.China should,with an aim to ensure its energy security and further boost its relations with the Middle East,make some necessary readjustments of its policies toward the Middle East and Africa while adhering to its established principles.

中东地区海上油气平台投标目标项目选取策略

对中东区域海上油气平台投标项目,国内采办和建造费较中东当地有价格优势,但在长距离运输、动复员和清关上存在劣势。如何平衡采办、建造和长距离运输的优劣势,提高投资测算的可靠性,以支持整体投标策略的选择判断,对于总包方来说具有十分重要的意义。基于静态费用最小法原理,通过石油工程投资估算软件对投标策略不同的建造场地的投资测算进行对比分析,提出一种根据项目规模快速判断中标可能性的价格模型,以期在投标前期快速选取重点投标项目,支持投标策略决策,提高中标率,同时降低投标成本。

基于井眼清洁效果的大位移井钻井参数与钻井液性能优化方法研究与实践

针对东海油气田大位移井在钻井过程中易形成岩屑床,井眼清洁困难,导致摩阻扭矩大甚至频繁出现憋泵憋扭矩等复杂的问题,提出了一种基于井眼清洁效果的钻井参数设计和钻井液性能优化方法。首先,分析大位移井井眼清洁的主要影响因素,使用VIRTUALMUD软件对影响大位移井井眼清洁性能的钻井液排量、机械钻速等工程参数和钻井液6转3转读数等钻井液参数进行优化设计。然后,通过优选合适的基础油、乳化剂和重晶石等方法对现场使用的油基钻井液进行性能改进。在大位移井A井应用优化后的钻井参数及钻井液体系,井眼清洁效果好,钻井液携岩效率高,在作业过程中未发生憋钻卡钻等复杂情况,起下钻顺利。现场应用情况表明,该方法具有较好的可行性和有效性,对于提高钻井效率和降低钻井成本具有重要意义。

Comparative Analysis of China’s Energy Activities in the Middle East and Africa

The Middle East and African oil have now accounted for 70%of China’s total oil imports and will have to be China’s major sources of crude oil imports in the future,which means that Beijing will continue to emphasize its energy requirement activities and to forge closer energy cooperation with both regions.China’s energy activities in the Middle East and Africa have similar trade and investment patterns and also similar risks,the“Oil of Politics”such as the Iranian nuclear crisis and the Sudan/Darfur crisis will be the biggest challenges that Beijing faces in the Middle East and Africa.China’s energy activities in the Middle East are somewhat restrained and moderate,given its limited political influence and the instable geopolitical situations in the region.However,China’s energy requirement activities in Africa by means of energy diplomacy,technological and economic assistance,foreign aid and loans and debt cancellation,have and will continue to expand Beijing’s presence and influence in the region,having different geopolitical implications for Beijing,Africa and the West.

China's New Diplomacy in the Middle East and Its Implication for the United States

Why is China interested in the Middle East?What are China’s strategies to promote its interests in the Middle East?How influential is China in the region?Where do America’s and China’s interests converge and diverge in the Middle East?These are some important yet understudied issues.This paper examines Chinese diplomacy towards the Middle East since the early 1990s,with focus on China’s efforts in obtaining oil,and its fight against separatism and terrorism along its northwestern border.It explores how Chinese activities affect US interests and US-China relations.The paper argues that China’s policy towards the Middle East has primarily been driven by economic concerns so far.As its economic power continues to grow,China is expected to expand its political,diplomatic and cultural influence in the region.Despite their differences on issues such as how to deal with Iran,the United States and China have many common interests in the Middle East such as safeguarding energy security,promoting peace,and combating terrorism.

Maintaining Cooperation within Competition:The Inevitable Path of China’s Energy Cooperation in the Middle East

The multi-polarization of political situation creates beneficial conditions for Chinese petroleum corporations to enter foreign market of prospecting and drilling of oil and natural gas resources.Chinese petroleum corporations should adopt“Outward Expansion”strategy and directly participate in international gaming over the cooperative development and drilling of overseas oil and natural gas resources.On this aspect,the government should not only enhance its macro strategic guidance to Chinese petroleum corporations,but also offer more support by means of preferential policies so as to provide more encouragement to these corporations.Furthermore,the government should strengthen its toughness and intensity on its extension of energy diplomacy.In order to make some achievement in the reform and evolution of geopolitical pattern concerning energy of the world,China should maximize its national interest on energy strategy through“cooperation against the background of competition,”so as to obtain a guarantee on the stable and safe long-term supply of overseas energy for sustained development and smooth rise of China.The model of“Cooperation against the Background of Competition”not only fits for the domestic conditions of China,but also suits the trend of development on the energy market of the world.

中东海洋石油工程管线建造质量控制

为响应国家“一带一路”政策,国内企业承接的中东海洋石油工程项目工程量越来越多。由于中东项目合同严格,标准要求细致,大部分国内企业谈中东项目色变。为此该篇梳理中东项目特点及配管建造检验关键项。通过本篇中东海洋石油工程的特点介绍,让大家对中东海洋石油工程项目有一个总体的认识。通过对配管的质量控制策略介绍,让大家对配管检验流程和控制方法有个清楚的认识,并且提供一种可行的控制方式。

基于聚类-支持向量机算法的碳酸盐岩测井岩相识别模型与应用

中东地区A研究区的碳酸盐岩储层发育,但孔隙类型众多、孔隙结构复杂、井间非均质性强,对该地区进行精确的岩相识别与物性评价非常困难。目前该地区单井岩相划分主要依据部分钻井取心数据,成本高昂且数据较少,无法反映完整的地层纵向及横向变化信息,而利用常规测井识别方法难以对该区域进行精细的岩相识别并建立准确的孔隙度、渗透率模型。为此,利用小波变换方法,根据测井曲线形态特征完成不同岩相地层界线划分。综合层次聚类、K均值聚类方法对每个小层对应的测井系列进行聚类分析,结合取心观察结果对聚类结果进行分类约束;最终以约束后的聚类结果、研究层段中岩相分级标签为数据基础,在支持向量机的监督学习下建立利用测井系列进行岩相智能识别的评价模型。通过在取心井中应用岩相识别模型,验证结果与取心认识吻合度可达92%。将该方法推广至其他单井中应用,岩相识别结果中同类型岩相渗透率与孔隙度相关性明显提高,表明模型岩相识别效果较好,可以为精确的岩石类型划分及物性参数计算等研究工作提供理论依据及数据支持。

反渗透钻井液在东海高压井的优化与应用

随着油气田开发的进行,钻井井深不断增大,深部钻遇异常高压地层风险逐渐升高。为平衡地层压力,需要提高钻井液密度,而水基钻井液在高密度时容易出现泥浆增稠,泥饼质量变差,滤失量增大等问题。本文通过优选包被剂及加量、降滤失剂加量,对高密度下反渗透钻井液性能进行优化调整,使其抗温性能达到150℃,2.00 g/cm3密度条件流型良好,高温高压滤失量低于10.0 mL,以适应东海高压井钻井需求。现场应用结果显示,优化后的反渗透钻井液性能稳定,井壁稳定性良好,起下钻总体顺利,同时气测活跃,储层保护效果好,圆满完成了探勘开发目标,具有巨大的推广应用前景。