Optimization of the Algorithm for Increasing Injection Rate in Water Injection Wells for Pressure Optimization in P Oilfield

In today’s society, with the continuous growth of energy demand, Bohai Oilfield, as an important offshore oil resource base in China, is facing increasingly severe challenges while contributing to national energy security. In order to improve the quality of water injection in the oilfield and gradually achieve efficient and stable production, Bohai Oilfield has launched a water injection well pressure optimization project, focusing on improving the efficiency and quality of water injection in the water injection wells, in order to achieve the optimal water injection plan. In practical work, P Oilfield continues to promote the development of water injection well pressure optimization projects, emphasizing practical exploration and continuous optimization of work plans. However, during the project implementation process, there were some problems, one of which was that the statistics of cumulative injection volume were not scientific enough, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate presentation of the actual results of pressure optimization work. In the context of continuous improvement work, after careful analysis and research, P Oilfield has decided to optimize the cumulative injection rate algorithm to guide the oilfield’s water injection work in a more refined way, ensuring sufficient and good water injection, and enhancing the oilfield’s production efficiency and comprehensive competitiveness.

Kinetic Performance of Oil-field Produced Water Treatment by Biological Aerated Filter

The biological aerated filter （BAF） was used to treat the oil-field produced water. The removal efficiency for oil, COD, BOD and suspended solids （SS） was 76.3%-80.3%, 31.6%-57.9%, 8.6.3%-96.3% and76.4%--82.7%, respectively when the hydraulic loading rates varied from 016m·h^-1 to 1.4m·h^-1. The greatest partof removal, for example more than 80% of COD removal, occurred on the top 100cm of the media in BAF. The kinetic .performance of BAF indicated that the relationship of BOD removal efficiency with the hydraulic loadingrates, in biological aerated filters could be described by c1/c1=l-exp（-2.44/L^0.59）. This equation could be used topredict the B OD.removal efficiency at different hydraulic loading rates.

Composite polymer networks of polyacrylamide and modified amino resin-polyurethane for oil field water shutoff

SINCE water emitting in oil wells is a general problem in developing oil fields, the workers inthe world put quite an emphasis on water shutoff. In recent years, the study on develop-ing a novel and highly effective water plugging agent has become an important technical mea-sure for controlling water emitting in the middle and later periods of an oil field. A highly ef-fective water plugging agent can form gel, gradually swell in water and shut off water, but oilcan get through. It also has suitable resistance to pressure and high temperature and a longservice life. Only when the water shutoff agent can form a composite polymer network (CPN)

Transport of gold by H_2S-rich oil field waters, and the origin of Carlin-type deposits

DURING the course of hydrocarbon evolution and migration, large quantities of H 2S are often produced.This process is most familiar to petroleum geologists, and may lead to forming of natural gas deposits. Themost important H2S-forming reactions are bacterial sulfate reduction （BSR）, and thermochemical sulfatereduction （TSR）. Whereas BSR is restricted to relatively low temperature （【100℃） and shallowdepths, TSR becomes important at elevated temperature （】150℃） and greater depth of burial. BecauseH2S is highly soluble in water, any groundwater in the vicinity of a TSR-active zone will also become enriched in H2S. The central hypothesis of this paper is that hot groundwaters associated with TSR in carbonate terrains acquire the ability to transport gold and other elements （e.g. Ag, Hg, As, Sb, Tl）

Cleaning method of the oil field wastewater treatment by UF process

This article introduces experiments and researches of polysulphone ultrafiltration membrane's effect on oil field polluted water and approaches renewing oil field polluted water and approaches renewing of membrane's flux by different detergents and cleaning method. Good result has been achieved by doing experiments and the renewal rate of membrane is over 90%.

Dynamic Variation of Land-use Types of the Constructed Wetland before and after Oil-field Water Irrigation Based on 3S Technology

[Objective] The study aimed at analyzing the dynamic variation of land-use types of the constructed wetland before and after oil-field water irrigation based on 3S technology. [Method] At semi-arid and arid areas in the west of Jilin Province, water resource balance between the amount of oil-field water supply and ecological water requirement in the constructed wetland irrigated by oil-field water during 2001-2010 was investigated firstly. Afterwards, based on 3S technology, the partition and dynamic variation of land-use types of the constructed wetland before and after oil-field water irrigation in 2001, 2006, 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. [Result] The annual ecological water requirement of the constructed wetland from 2003 to 2010 varied from 1.62×106 to 2.24×106 m3, and the annual amount of oil-field water supply in the region changed from 2.12×106 to 2.84×106 m3, which showed that the supply amount of oil-field water could meet the basic ecological water requirement of the constructed wetland. Meanwhile, compared with 2001, the areas of water region and paddy field in 2010 increased by 2.3 and 10.0 times, and the areas of forest and marsh rose by 40.15% and 29.5.0% respectively. [Conclusion] Water shortage and ecological environment problem of arid and semi-arid areas had been improved by oil-field water irrigation.

Development of High Viscous Oil in Sandstone Reserviors During the High Water Cut Stage，Gudao Oilfield

The oi!bearing area of Gudao Oilfield covers 80.9 square kilometers.with 373 million tons of oil in place.It is a large drape anticlinal.Neogene Gu-dao Formation is main oil-beraing reservoir devel-oped with dip gentle from 30'to 1°30'in general.The main oil-bearing sequences can be divided into 6 sand groups and 34 layers in detail.in which the Ng°-Ng°sand groups are the main payzones in which oil in place accounts for 97.2%of the total.

Water-cut rising mechanism and optimized water injection technology for deepwater turbidite sandstone oilfield: A case study of AKPO Oilfield in Niger Delta Basin, West Africa

Through the analysis of the reservoir connection relationship and the water-cut rising rules after water breakthrough in the highly volatile oil AKPO oilfield, a new model of water-cut rising was established, and the timing and strategy of water injection were put forward. The water-cut rising shapes of producers after water breakthrough can be divided into three types, and their water-cut rising mechanism is mainly controlled by reservoir connectivity. For the producers which directly connect with injectors in the single-phase sand body of the single-phase channel or lobe with good reservoir connectivity, the water-cut rising curve is "sub-convex". For the producers which connect with injectors through sand bodies developed in multi-phases with good inner sand connectivity but poorer physical property and connectivity at the overlapping parts of sands, the response to water injection is slow and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-concave". For the producers which connect with injectors through multi-phase sand bodies with reservoir physical properties, connectivity in between the former two and characteristics of both direct connection and overlapping connection, the response to water injection is slightly slower and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-S". Based on ratio relationship of oil and water relative permeability, a new model of water cut rising was established. Through the fitting analysis of actual production data, the optimal timing and corresponding technology for water injection after water breakthrough were put forward. Composite channel and lobe reservoirs can adopt water injection strategies concentrating on improving the vertical sweep efficiency and areal sweep efficiency respectively. This technology has worked well in the AKPO oilfield and can guide the development of similar oilfields.

Development Plan of East Unity Oil Field, Sudan, Using Reservoir Simulation Study

Simulation study was applied in the development planning of East Unity oilfield, Sudan. A grid consisting of 2 000 cells was constructed. A major challenge of the study wasto evolve a full field development and future reservoir management strategy that would ensuremaximum recovery of oil based on well Un51. Simulation shows that Un51 as injection well inAradiebaC would yield better oil recovery than to be production well.

Technological progress and development directions of PetroChina overseas oil and gas field production

This study reviews the development history of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field development technologies, summarizes the characteristic technologies developed, and puts forward the development goals and technological development directions of overseas business to overcome the challenges met in overseas oil and gas production. In the course of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field production practice of more than 20 years, a series of characteristic technologies suitable for overseas oil and gas fields have been created by combining the domestic mature oil and gas field production technologies with the features of overseas oil and gas reservoirs, represented by the technology for high-speed development and stabilizing oil production and controlling water rise for overseas sandstone oilfields, high efficiency development technology for large carbonate oil and gas reservoirs and foamy oil depletion development technology in use of horizontal wells for extra-heavy oil reservoirs. Based on in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by overseas oil and gas development and technological requirements, combined with the development trends of oil and gas development technologies in China and abroad, overseas oil and gas development technologies in the future are put forward, including artificial intelligence reservoir prediction and 3 D geological modeling, secondary development and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of overseas sandstone oilfields after high speed development, water and gas injection to improve oil recovery in overseas carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, economic and effective development of overseas unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, efficient development of marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs. The following goals are expected to be achieved: keep the enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology for high water-cut sandstone oilfield at international advanced level, and make the development technology for carbonate oil and gas reservoirs reach the international advanced level, and the development technologies for unconventional and marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs catch up the level of international leading oil companies quickly.

油气田注水系统腐蚀预测模型的研究进展

以国外某油田注水系统的腐蚀风险现状为例,总结了影响注水系统腐蚀结垢的因素,归纳了传统油气工业腐蚀和结垢预测模型的研究现状,分析了其建模依据、理论基础、关键参数、适用环境及存在的不足。介绍了使用编程、智能算法等技术方法进行建模计算的优异性,并探讨了相应模型的优缺点。最后,提出了油田注水系统与传统油气工业的腐蚀预测模型的异同及建立注水系统腐蚀预测模型应考虑的因素,对注水系统腐蚀结垢预测模型的研究发展进行了展望。

低渗透油田微生物堵剂的多尺度封堵性能

封堵低渗透油藏的多尺度水窜通道是提升这类油藏水驱开发效果的关键,开发了一种内源微生物堵剂,优化了其菌种发酵营养液配方,并基于室内静态实验表征了其基础物性,最后通过岩心动态实验评价了其封堵适应性。所优化的菌种发酵营养液配方为:1.0%~2.0%糖蜜+0.2%~1.0%硝酸钠+0.5%~2.0%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%~1.0%磷酸氢二钠+0.1%~0.5%硫酸铵+0.01%~0.1%工业酵母膏+0.01%~0.03%硫酸铁+0.01%~0.03%硫酸锰。在营养液中培养4 d后,微生物趋于稳定,形成的分散颗粒呈正态分布,粒径集中在40~160μm之间,粒度中值在90μm左右,且具有良好的抗剪切性、耐盐性及稳定性。初始态的微生物调堵剂能顺利进入低渗透岩心、非均质岩心和裂缝性岩心。进入岩心后,微生物基于其自生长特性与孔隙及裂缝介质匹配,对渗透率为5×10^(-3)μm^(2)的岩心的封堵率达到80%;对渗透率为5×10^(-3)/100×10^(-3)μm^(2)的非均质岩心的封堵率达92%;对渗透率为5×10^(-3)/300×10^(-3)μm^(2)的非均质岩心的封堵率达95%。微生物堵剂对开度为30μm的裂缝性岩心的封堵率达84%;对开度为80μm的裂缝性岩心的封堵率接近90%。微生物堵剂既可以封堵不同尺度的多孔介质水窜通道,又可以封堵不同尺度的微裂缝水窜通道,具备封堵低渗透油田多尺度水窜通道的潜力。

浅层水平缝油藏底部注水研究

延长东部油田主力油层平均中深670 m、平均渗透率0.3~0.5 mD,为特超低渗浅层油藏,油井压裂时易形成水平裂缝,致使注水开发过程中油井出现快速水淹,造成油井产量大幅下降,采收率低。针对这一问题,在对水平缝注水渗流特征、压裂水平缝油井水淹规律和底部注水机理研究的基础上,提出了底部注水开发方式,并应用渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差3个参数综合表征水窜层位与非水窜层位特征,为底部注水选层提供依据;通过室内核磁共振在线测试及岩心流动驱替实验,结合油藏数值模拟和现场示踪剂测试等综合手段,对注水参数进行了优化。开展底部注水先导性试验的3个井组单井产油量由0.054 t/ d提高到0.179 t/ d,含水率由15%下降到10%,地层压力提高了0.18 MPa,预测最终采收率提高了2.1个百分点,取得了较好效果。研究表明,当渗透率变异系数<0.5、突进系数<1.5、渗透率级差<5,注入速度为0.06 mL/ min,注水压力7 MPa时,注水开发效果最好。底部注水能够有效解决浅层水平缝油藏注水开发效果不佳的问题,为同类油藏的高效注水开发提供了参考。

Fe_(3)O_(4)/PDA复合纳米材料回收高黏度油田采出水中油相的研究

高黏度油田采出水通常呈现乳浊液的状态,难以实现油水分离。本文采用共沉淀法制备Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒,在超声波辅助下将聚多巴胺(PDA)与纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)键合,制得Fe_(3)O_(4)/PDA复合材料,并采用FTIR、显微镜、物理吸附仪等表征。在交变磁场作用下,实现油田采出水破乳,达到油水分离的目的。并考察了Fe_(3)O_(4)/PDA复合材料稳定循环使用次数、交变磁场频率对回收油相效率的影响。结果表明,在极低磁场频率6.0 Hz下,所制备材料可稳定循环使用11次,为油田采出水重复利用和高附加值油相的回收利用提供了有效、便捷的方法。

四川省油气田水提锂产业化发展环境及关键影响因素分析

油气田水有望成为继盐湖和硬岩后锂资源大规模开发的“第三极”,四川省富锂油气田水资源丰富,提锂潜力巨大。首先,基于对世界和中国锂资源开发及市场现状的分析,统筹结构与市场两个视角研判四川省油气田水提锂产业化发展环境;其次,集成MLP框架和Fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC方法,构想产业化发展模式,辨识关键影响因素。研究表明:四川省油气田水提锂产业化发展面临多种因素制约;目前处于生命周期前端,建议实施“政府主导”模式,并在中后期向“多元协同”模式转型;地方经济发展水平、企业管理组织能力、资源供应能力、政策环境、科技研发机制是其产业化发展的关键影响因素。结论认为,应从深化政策支持、加大科研投资、强化市场管制3个方面制订产业化发展对策。

螺杆泵转速对油水旋流分离管流场特性的影响

旋流分离器在井下采油螺杆泵作用下会发生复杂的振动现象,对旋流分离器内部流场造成一定影响。为研究螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部流场的变化规律,以同井注采工艺中螺杆泵作用下的旋流分离管柱为研究对象,针对振动壁面旋流分离管柱结构及工作特点,基于计算流体动力学方法、计算固体力学方法以及流固耦合理论,建立流固耦合力学模型;利用流固耦合分析方法,对双螺杆泵转动条件下井下旋流分离管柱内速度场、油相分布、涡量及湍动能等流场特性进行分析。分析结果表明:随着螺杆泵转速升高,分离器内切向速度和轴向速度强度逐渐减弱,径向速度的不对称性逐渐加剧,转速的周期性变化还会造成径向速度场分布的偏移;螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部涡量分布不同,随着转速升高,溢流管以及锥段部分附近相关流场的涡旋明显增强;旋流器溢流口附近油相体积分数会随着螺杆泵转速的升高而减小;不同螺杆泵转动状态下,大颗粒油滴的分布不同。所得结果可为螺杆泵井下旋流分离同井注采系统的设计及螺杆泵的转速设定提供参考。

离心超重力油水分离器流场特性的数值模拟研究

随着油田开采逐渐进入高含水期,对油水分离器的性能要求也愈发严格,现有油水分离器已很难达到分离要求,油水分离领域亟需新的研究进展。通过数值模拟的方法对一种新型离心超重力油水分离器流场特性进行了研究。从流动参数、结构参数以及物性参数3个方面探究不同参数对分离器分离性能及流场特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:各含水体积分数情况下该分离器分离效果都较好,油出口分离效率随着含水体积分数上升而减小,且含水体积分数较高时水出口的含油量较低;随着入口流量的增大,水出口含油量不断增大,油出口分离效率先减小后基本不变;随着电机转速的增大油出口分离效率先增大后基本不变,电机转速为500 r/min时,油出口分离效率为82%,电机转速为1500 r/min时,油出口分离效率增大至97%;在模拟范围内叶片数量与分离效果呈正相关;油密度和油黏度与分离器分离效果均呈负相关,其值越大分离效果越差。研究结果可为离心超重力油水分离器的实际应用提供理论指导。

海上高温水驱油田防垢技术研究与应用

针对渤海M稠油油田热水驱过程中高效换热器内部易结垢问题,通过垢化学分析系统模拟了现场注入水水质,筛选出适用于M油田的高温缓蚀防垢剂体系,评价了其性能。结果表明,该体系优选质量浓度为200 mg/L,在130℃的现场注入水质下,试验时间12 h,动态防垢率为94.32%,同时在130℃下对实验挂片动态腐蚀速率为0.0173 mm/a。现场应用结果表明:高温缓蚀防垢剂在M油田具有明显的防垢效果。

油气田水伴生资源提取技术进展及应用

近年来,随着油气勘探力度的逐渐增大,油气田水量逐年增加,由此带来诸多环境问题,而部分油气田水中的伴生元素的含量均超过工业开采品位,适合综合开采或者单独开采。因此,分析油气田水中伴生元素综合利用的可行性并提出可行技术路线具有重要意义。对油气田水的水质特点和资源分布特征进行了总结,剖析了油气田水中伴生元素锂、溴、钾提取技术的研究和应用现状,阐述了目前盐湖卤水中锂、溴、钾提取技术对于油气田水的适用性及其存在的问题。结合油气田水中伴生元素提取技术和应用现状,认为吸附法提锂+热溶冷结晶法(或冷分解−浮选工艺)提钾+电氧化法提溴是油气田水中伴生有价元素综合利用可行的技术路线。目前的油气田水产业化只针对提锂,应尽快打通伴生资源综合利用全流程,寻求环保经济的油气田水伴生资源综合利用和达标处理工艺,为进一步工业化应用提供理论支撑,助力油气行业绿色高质量发展。