On the Development of China's Land Oil Industry

Mr. Wang Tao, President of the China National Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, briefed this reporter on his thoughts on the development of China’s land oil industry. From the present to the turn of the century, said Wang Tao, is a critical period in the reform and development of the land oil industry in China. Our basic thoughts on the development of China’s land oil industry from now on are: to blaze a new trail of better commercial efficiency and rapid development by making economic efficiency upgrading the aim, and oil and gas production and operation the

China Develops Land Oil Industry——Interview with Wang Tao, President of China National Oil and Gas Corporation

What new measures will China undertake this year following the achievements in oil exploration last year? With this question in mind, President Wang Tao of the China National Oil and Gas Corporation was interviewed.

China Offshore Oil Industry Full of Vigor and Vitality

Since the founding of the ChinaNational Offshore Oil Corporationin 1982, the China offshore oil industryhas parted from closing the country tointernational intercourse and has steadilygone onto the developmental road at highspeed and with high efficiency inaccordance with international practice.In the short time of 13 years, relying onthe correlated policy offered by the stateand the intensification of enterprisemanagement, it has built up a large state-owned enterprise of independentmanagement, self-responsibility forprofits and losses, self-accumulation andself-perfection.

China's Onshore Oil Industry is in Full Scale Opening to the Outside World

Ｃｈｉｎａ＇ｓＯｎｓｈｏｒｅＯｉｌＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｓｉｎＦｕｌｌＳｃａｌｅＯｐｅｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＯｕｔｓｉｄｅＷｏｒｌｄ￥ＺｈａｏＸｕｅｍｉｎｇａｎｄＷｅｉＦａｎｇ（ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，ＣＮＰＣ）Ｉｎ１９９４，Ｃｈｉｎａ＇ｓｏ...

Research status and application of artificial intelligence large models in the oil and gas industry

This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries,outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector,and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry.The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories:large language models,visual large models,and multimodal large models.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy.Based on open-source large language models,some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation.Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models.A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation,as well as core analysis.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models,high research and development costs,and poor algorithm autonomy and control.The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business,taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management,enhance data governance capabilities,promote the construction of computing power,strengthen the construction of“artificial intelligence+energy”composite teams,and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.

Review on the challenges and strategies in oil and gas industry's transition towards carbon neutrality in China

In light of carbon-neutral pledge, the oil and gas industry has been facing several critical new challenges in China. The current status and new challenges in terms of market mechanism reform, supply-consumption balance and key technology innovation in China's oil and gas industry are reviewed in the present study, and new strategies and roadmaps are proposed to cope with the challenges. The study found that (i) the oil and gas market faces challenges such as incomplete pricing mechanisms, unclear subject rights, and the lack of recognition and trading of carbon assets. (ii) the trade-off between short-term supply security and long-term low-carbon supply is the most critical issue. (iii) in addition to typical challenges such as immature technology and lack of funding support, the unclear multiple technology coupling development mode also poses problems for the low-carbon transformation of the oil and gas industry. To address these new challenges, comprehensive strategies and roadmaps for China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality are proposed and discussed in the aspects of participating in market transactions, restructuring production and consumption, deploying key technology innovations, and planning enterprise strategies. The present study is expected to provide a blueprint for the future development of China's oil and gas industry towards carbon neutrality.

Identification of Sudanese Sesame Oil Quality Using a 680 nm Semiconductor Laser Spectrometer and Other Techniques

This study investigates the optical properties of sesame oil from traditional and industrial sources using a custom-designed semiconductor laser spectrometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Six samples were collected from traditional presses and factories in Khartoum State and White Nile State. The spectrometer, constructed with a 680 nm semiconductor laser and various resistor values, measured the absorbance of sesame oil samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified absorbance peaks at 670 nm and 417 nm, corresponding to chlorophyll a and b. FTIR analysis showed nearly identical spectra among the samples, indicating similar chemical compositions. Laser spectrometer analysis revealed specific absorbance values for each sample. The results highlight the feasibility of using a 680 nm semiconductor laser for analyzing sesame oil, providing a cost-effective alternative to other wavelengths. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating traditional methods with modern spectroscopic techniques for the quality assessment of sesame oil.

Psychosocial Risk Factors and Stress in an Oil Company in the Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Occupational stress is a significant health concern in the work-place, constituting a prevalent psychosocial risk. Due to its specific nature, the oil industry is perceived as a high psychosocial risk zone. This study aimed to correlate the perceived stress level with the identified psychosocial risk factors (PSRFs) among employees of an oil company in Congo-Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted between July and September 2021 among employees of an oil company. They were recruited during their routine medical check-ups. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), respectively to assess stress and identify PSRFs. Results: Out of the sample, 203 workers were included. The majorities were males (81.3%), and the average age of participants was 39.5 ± 9.62 years. The frequency of perceived stress was 39.4%, and 40% of the workers were exposed to at least 3 PSRFs. A positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and workload (r = 0.37, p Conclusion: The study revealed that employees of this company exhibited a high level of stress. The detrimental impact of certain PSRFs was highlighted. A multidisciplinary intervention appears imperative to address these inherent risks in their professional environment.

Risk Matrix as a Tool for Risk Analysis in Underwater Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry

The study is a cross-sectional design assessment of the likelihood, frequency and severity of hazards associated with underwater operations in the Niger Delta. Five oil and gas companies were used for this study selected by a purposive method given that they had the highest number of workers involved in underwater operations. A sample size of 418 was computed to which the questionnaires were administered with response rate of 95.93%. Data analyses were carried out to cover descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearsonal correlation coefficients. The 4 by 4 risk assessment matrix for the likelihood and consequences showed that 8 out of 20 underwater hazards were categorized as having very high risk according to their risk ratings. The eight hazards categorized based on their risk IDs were H01, H03, H04, H08, H10, H11, H12, and H15. The 4 by 4 risk matrix for frequency and consequences revealed that two hazards (Piracy & bandit attack/kidnapping (H01) and Other main vessels/heavy object dropping or falling load/collision (H08)) were identified to be of very high risk.

Contract Labor and the Right to Freedom of Association in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria

Contract labor is one of several terms, which are widely used to describe work arrangements, which do not fall within the traditional definition of employment. Contracting out services and getting employees through contractors have become widespread practice by many employers because it helps them to cut cost since these contractors could often supply these workers more cheaply and efficiently. Labor rights and standards are sometimes seen as sacrificial lambs on the altar of competitive edge by companies due to the perception that they constitute ＂costs＂ which if eliminated or reduced to the barest minimum, will impact positively on the ability of companies to compete favorably in the global market and consequent improvement of their balance sheets, to the joy of shareholders. Contract work is increasingly becoming the norm in Nigeria＇s oil and gas industry as companies undergo restructuring, concentration on core activities and modifications in work organization and technology. These factors certainly affect traditional employment relations and the exercise of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights inherent in them. Contract workers now make up about 60% of the workforce in the industry and they are denied the right to organize into Unions. The denial of this right has resulted in exploitation of these workers. This paper seeks to examine the adequacy of labor law governing trade unionism in Nigeria in ensuring the right of contract workers to freedom of association, as well as its conformity to international labor standards. It is argued that Nigerian labor laws need to be enforced to ensure that this category of workers benefits from this right. In addition a proposal is made for a law reform which will define contract labor and provide a legal framework for the regulation and protection of contract workers in Nigeria in order to guarantee their right to unionize and enable them to improve their rights at work.

Prioritizing and Providing Sound Pollution Control Strategies at the CPF of North Azadegan Oilfield Project

Among the harmful occupational factors,noise is the most common exposure in the oil industrial workplaces.The present study aimed to prioritize sound pollution areas in central processing facilities(CPF)of an oil field in order to provide corrective action in the studied industry and similar industries.After reviewing the issued permit to work,job description and noise dosimetry test,the evaluated areas were selected then sound pressure levels in the referenced areas investigated according to ISO 9612–2009(E)next the noise map prepared for all selected areas.For identifying the prioritized areas to implement the control measures NCPI was used.After identifying the first priority area with sound pressure levels greater than 85 dB,the frequency analysis was performed and Isosonic map was prepared by Surfer v10 and AutoCAD 2014.In the last step,in order to provide appropriate corrective action plan,the compatibility of the determined control actions with the production process was examined.The findings of this study indicates that 74%of the aforesaid area has the first priority to perform control measures in the caution zone and the remaining 26%is in the danger zone.In this study it has been demonstrated that implementing control measures for Zone 2 have first priority.The main source of the noise in this zone is fluid(Gas)flow through the piping and HP Gas Compressors.The results of this study shows that using effective factors such as exposure time,sound pressure level and number of exposed persons,can be present suitable model to prioritize noise control.

Radium Isotopes in an Oil-Field Produced Lake near Baku, Azerbaijan

An assessment of radiologically enhanced residual materials generated during oil and gas production in near Baku, Azerbaijan, was conducted. Distribution of the 228Ra/226Ra Activity Ratio (AR) with depth in a sediment core from radium lake was examined. The dashed line represented ingrowth assuming that 228Ra was below equilibrium with 232Th in the young sediments near the top and reached equilibrium at a depth around 10 cm. In this study the radium isotopic data are used to provide estimates of the age of formation of the radiobarite contaminant and age of oil field lake. The results indicate that, the upper two layers in the core (up to 4 cm) contain fallout 137Cs so at least these layers are no older than about 40 yrs. Formation waters that are sent to disposal ponds may consist of accumulated heavy hydrocarbons, paraffin, inorganic solids, and heavy emulsions. We report here results of chemical and radiochemical measurements from formation waters separated from oil pumped from approximately 700 m below ground near Baku, Azerbaijan. Our results also include data from a formation water storage pond (“radium lake”) where the waters are temporarily stored after oil is separated and then eventually disposed of by pumping into the Caspian Sea. We also analyzed the associated sediment for radiochemical components. Our study was intended to investigate how radium fractionated between the pond water and sediments.

Fuzzy logic applied to value of information assessment in oil and gas projects

The concept of value of information(VOI)has been widely used in the oil industry when making decisions on the acquisition of new data sets for the development and operation of oil fields.The classical approach to VOI assumes that the outcome of the data acquisition process produces crisp values,which are uniquely mapped onto one of the deterministic reservoir models representing the subsurface variability.However,subsurface reservoir data are not always crisp;it can also be fuzzy and may correspond to various reservoir models to different degrees.The classical approach to VOI may not,therefore,lead to the best decision with regard to the need to acquire new data.Fuzzy logic,introduced in the 1960 s as an alternative to the classical logic,is able to manage the uncertainty associated with the fuzziness of the data.In this paper,both classical and fuzzy theoretical formulations for VOI are developed and contrasted using inherently vague data.A case study,which is consistent with the future development of an oil reservoir,is used to compare the application of both approaches to the estimation of VOI.The results of the VOI process show that when the fuzzy nature of the data is included in the assessment,the value of the data decreases.In this case study,the results of the assessment using crisp data and fuzzy data change the decision from"acquire"the additional data(in the former)to"do not acquire"the additional data(in the latter).In general,different decisions are reached,depending on whether the fuzzy nature of the data is considered during the evaluation.The implications of these results are significant in a domain such as the oil and gas industry(where investments are huge).This work strongly suggests the need to define the data as crisp or fuzzy for use in VOI,prior to implementing the assessment to select and define the right approach.