Experimental Study of Oil Pipeline Leak Processes

This work provides a description of oil leak/spill processes from containment such as pipeline. Understanding of such processes is important in order to adequately estimate oil spills and to justify an appropriate emergency action for minimizing spills. Internal diameters of pipes used in the study are within 4 inches. Leaks are simulated from plastic pipeline oil containment fitted with valves. The leak response with time when upstream and downstream valves are operated is studied. Within the internal diameters of pipelines considered in the tests, two ranges of leak characteristics are evident;the “holding range” and the “flowing range” characteristics. The consequences of these characteristics in the oil industry operations have been discussed. The work suggests a spill estimation method based on this knowledge. Furthermore, in order to minimise spill in event of pipeline failure, it is observed that the optimum action on pipeline operational valves, is the immediate closure of upstream valve, followed by the downstream valve, nearly simultaneously. Future work will extend the test to larger diameter pipelines to attempt developing a mathematical approach for estimating limits of the “holding range” characteristics of pipelines given appropriate parameters and in-field test.

Modeling and analysis of a catastrophic oil spill and vapor cloud explosion in a confined space upon oil pipeline leaking

Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis,field surveys,and numerical simulations.The total amount of the spilled oil was up to2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal.The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion.A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results.The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m,respectively,which are consistent with the field investigation.The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill,properties of oil,and volatilization time.It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space.Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.

炼化企业挥发性有机化合物减排的探索与实践

炼化企业加工过程有组织、无组织排放的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)量较大,对大气环境中的颗粒物、臭氧浓度等产生重大影响。A公司自“十三五”以来对VOCs减排进行了探索与实践,通过采取油气回收、储罐浮盘高效密封改造、呼吸阀改型升级、无组织排放改为有组织回收、VOCs焚烧、常态化泄漏检测与修复工作等多种减排措施,VOCs排放量已从2015年的4230 t下降到2022年的2157 t,降低比例达到49%,取得了显著的成效。

基于小波分析的热连轧设备液压系统泄漏的实时监测方法

针对液压系统的泄漏问题,提出了一种基于小波分析技术的热连轧设备液压系统油液泄漏监测方法,详细介绍了该方法的设计原理、实验验证以及在工业生产中的应用效果。该方法通过计算液压系统各液压元件油量变化,并结合小波变换分析方法对油量趋势曲线进行分析,实现对液压系统中的泄漏情况的实时监测,提前发现潜在的漏油问题,降低维修成本,提高设备可用性。

红外成像技术在主变运维中的应用

从红外监测技术的原理出发,以主变渗漏油及套管发热2种常见缺陷为切入点,深入探讨了红外监测技术在主变运行过程中的重要作用。通过具体应用场景,结合现场实际,分析红外监测技术在主变运维过程中的优势,以保障主变运维工作的质量和安全。

三星水电站漏油泵无法自启故障处理及分析

三星水电站在对漏油控制系统液位信号传感器、示流器、压力开关等自动化元器件升级更换后,导致漏油泵控制系统不能正常自启。文章主要通过对产生该故障现象的判断,深入分析了产生的原因,提出了解决该类故障的思路、方法和措施,措施实施后达到了快速处理、及时恢复的效果,确保了水电站辅机设备安全稳定运行。

顺北油气田特深井钻井关键技术现状与发展建议

顺北油气田资源储量丰富,但油气埋藏深,储层具有超深、高压、超高温特点,被公认为钻完井的“世界禁区”。因此,探索适用于顺北油气田特深井的高效钻井技术系列,对加快该油气田高效开发具有重要意义。针对顺北油气田钻井技术难点,通过多年技术攻关和实践,形成了高效钻井技术系列,主要包括井身结构优化设计技术、古生界分层提速技术、复杂地层井筒强化技术、易漏地层高效防漏固井技术、高温储层高效定向技术和断控型储层保护技术。通过强化地质工程一体化并推广应用成熟技术,在井深逐年增加的情况下,钻井周期逐年缩短,保障了顺北油气田高效勘探、效益开发。指出需持续提升一井多控,断裂间安全钻井、异常高压工程应对能力,加强工具、材料耐温性能等关键核心技术攻关力度,提出应加大万米深井钻探的基础理论、关键技术与装备攻关研究,以进一步推动顺北油气田勘探开发步伐,保障安全成井,不断解锁“中国深度”。

DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR FOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINE HEALTH

A fully distributed optical fiber sensor （DOFS） for monitoring long-distance oil pipeline health is proposed based on optical time domain reflectometry （OTDR）. A smart and sensitive optical fiber cable is installed along the pipeline acting as a sensor, The experiments show that the cable swells when exposed to oil and induced additional bending losses inside the fiber, and the optical attenuation of the fiber coated by a thin skin with periodical hardness is sensitive to deformation and vibration caused by oil leakage, tampering, or mechanical impact. The region where the additional attenuation occurred is detected and located by DOFS based on OTDR, the types of pipeline accidents are identified according to the characteristics of transmitted optical power received by an optical power meter, Another prototype of DOFS based on a forward traveling frequency-modulated continuous-wave （FMCW） is also proposed to monitor pipeline. The advantages and disadvantages of DOFSs based on OTDR and FMCW are discussed. The experiments show that DOFSs are capable of detecting and locating distant oil pipeline leakages and damages in real time with an estimated precision of ten meters over tens of kilometers.

Study on Detection Technique for Pipeline Leakage

Pipeline in te grity defect is a considerable portion in all the defects.Therefore, the study o n detection technique is of great concern to the owners of pipelines. A real ti me monitoring system of pipeline defect is established. For unexpected accidents of pipeline leakage, several methods of signal processing, including wavelet an alysis are utilized. The leakage can be located accurately in time. This system is applied to many long distance pipelines in China, which has made great contri butions to the economy.

PHAST＆LEAK软件在原油中转站事故后果评价中的应用

分析了原油中转站的危险特性,以及可能发生的潜在的火灾、爆炸等危险事故。在分析了原油中转站的设备布置、介质的性质以及场站的人员分布情况的基础上,参照国外部分国家采用的个人风险值和社会风险值,运用PHAST＆LEAK软件对原油中转站进行了整体的风险评价,得出了该场站的油气泄漏火灾爆炸风险水平,对该站的安全运营提供了很好的指导作用。

Pipeline Potential Leak Detection Technologies: Assessment and Perspective in the Nigeria Niger Delta Region

This paper examines the advances in pipeline third party encroachment alert systems and leak control methods in the oil/gas industry. It also highlights the extent of spill/pollution issues in the Niger Delta region due to intended/unin- tended damages and suggests a possible method of control. It is believed that the best option to avoid pollution due to pipeline failure is to ensure that hydrocarbon does not exit from the pipeline. With the different methods considered in this review, acoustic monitoring of change in the operational sound generated from a given pipeline section is suggested to be practicable to identifying sound abnormalities of third party encroachments. One established challenge of the acoustic system for buried pipelines protection is attenuation of acoustic transmission. An attempt to check the performance of an acoustic transmission on steel pipelines submerged in water points to a similar research on plastic water pipelines that attenuation is small compared with pipe buried in soil. Fortunately, Niger Delta of Nigeria is made of wetland, swamps and shallow water and could therefore offer an opportunity to deploy acoustic system for the safety of pipelines against third party attacks in this region. However, the numerous configuration and quantity of oil installation in this region imply that cost of application will be enormous. It is therefore suggested that a combination of impressed alternating cycle current (IACC) which traces encroachment on the pipeline coating and an acoustic system be used to manage intended and unintended pipeline potential damages. The IACC should be used for flow lines and other short distance delivery lines within the oilfield, while the relatively large diameter and long length delivery, trunk and transmission lines should be considered for acoustic protection. It is, however, noted that further efforts are required to reduce cost and improve effectiveness of these systems.

长输油管道泄漏检测与定位技术研究进展

长输油管道泄漏事故不仅会造成重大经济损失,而且会给生态环境带来灾难性的破坏,因此对长输油管道进行在线实时监测与快速精准定位是保障管道安全运行的核心要素。首先对目前中外常用的泄漏检测技术进行了分类总结,其次详细论述了长输油管道泄漏检测技术原理、性能及其优缺点,并对长输油管道泄漏检测中存在的微小泄漏、缓泄漏等难点问题进行了重点评述。最后在全面总结现有研究成果的基础上,对长输油管道泄漏检测技术的发展潜力、应用前景、目前存在的问题以及如何进行下一步研究进行了深刻的分析和展望,认为干涉型分布式光纤传感法联合深度学习模式识别技术可以更好地实现远距离输油管道泄漏检测领域的智能化、高效化,并在未来的泄漏检测领域具有良好的应用前景。

考虑加热处理的石油管道泄漏特性分析

为了更加准确地对管道泄漏进行检测,并预测泄漏对管道的影响,在考虑石油加热处理影响下,对石油管道不同孔径的微小泄漏进行了流场特性分析,建立了不同孔径的仿真模型。分析加热处理给泄漏流场带来的影响,判断考虑加热处理的必要性;在加热处理的条件下,对比不同孔径下泄漏流场特性,分析流场变化规律。研究结果表明:加热处理会导致石油的黏度变化,造成石油管道泄漏孔的压力和流速显著变化,考虑加热处理对泄露的影响很有必要;在加热处理条件下,3种不同孔径的微小泄漏对管道内部的流场特性影响较小,但在泄漏孔处,随着孔径的增大,压力下降,流速上升。

某发动机曲轴油封漏油问题分析及设计优化

针对某发动机在开发试验过程中出现的曲轴油封机油泄漏问题。通过对结构设计、试验运行条件及零件质量等开发应用关键影响因素进行分析,确定了其产生密封失效的根本原因。提出了优化曲轴油封安装孔的结构及倒角尺寸,改进曲轴油封的防尘唇结构的优化方案。优化后的曲轴油封总成最终通过了发动机台架耐久试验。相关的分析方法及解决方案可以为相关人员提供参考。

基于故障树的海上老井泄漏风险分析

海上老井长时间服役,其井筒屏障单元受损,存在泄漏风险,给经济效益、人员安全及环境保护带来了极大威胁。为此,本文基于故障树分析法,识别了地层流体泄漏至地面的可能途径,并分析了每个井屏障单元的失效模式,结合老井现场服役情况,得到不同井屏障单元失效模式的失效概率。最后对目前生产状况下的泄漏后果进行了分析,并划分了风险等级。结果表明:X井正常生产时天然气泄漏速率为0.033kg/s,泄漏安全后果为2级(一般风险)。回注条件下泄漏速率为0.153kg/s,泄漏后果为3级(中等风险)。

基于YOLOv7的水下泄漏检测机器人研究

针对当前海底输油管道自主巡管检测和检测漏油点等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的水下泄漏检测机器人,旨在实现海底输油管道的自主巡检和漏油点的检测。采用SolidWorks对机器人进行了三维设计,对动力系统进行了分析,采用Jeston Nano和STM32单片机进行控制,通过YOLOv7算法实现了泄漏目标检测,对其实现的路径进行详细分析。试验研究结果表明:YOLOv7算法可以实现对表面光滑和表面粗糙的水下管道的检测,模型能够非常好地识别并标记出裂缝结构。该研究为海洋环境保护和能源安全提供了一种可靠的解决方案。

“数字孪生技术”在油田的应用现状及发展前景

数字化转型是增强企业核心竞争力的关键,为推动企业数字化转型工作,作为试点企业,西北油田在前期智能油气田建设与发展过程中已完成了大量的数据采集及分析,为提高控制精度和控制效果,实现对所有数据和信息的处理,以及油田数字孪生技术的构建奠定了基础。探讨了智能油气田“数字孪生体”在生产工艺参数优化、安全生产预报警与管道及装置泄漏定位等方面的建设方案及应用。

红外成像技术在加油站油气泄漏排查中的应用

加油站油气泄漏管控一直是加油站环保工作的重要一环,红外成像技术具有探测直观、快速、泄漏定位精准等应用优势。文章采用FTIR红外成像扫描仪对加油站的油气泄漏开展应用,研究发现加油机外壳油气泄漏成像不明显,约一半储罐呼吸阀存在泄漏排放,加油过程泄漏情况与加油枪罩口密闭效果密切相关性。红外成像技术是一项值得推广使用的排查技术,后续建议管理部门和加油站单位持续开展油气泄漏排查,提升加油站管理水平、减少油气排放。

某自动变速器油底壳漏油分析与优化

油底壳作为自动变速器上非常重要的零部件,与变速器壳体之间的密封设计尤为关键。油底壳和变速器壳体结合面之间漏油是各汽车生产厂家面对的疑难问题,变速器油底壳漏油问题是由综合性因素导致,必须进行系统性分析才能找到根本原因。文章通过某车型自动变速器油底壳漏油问题进行分析研究,并对装配过程进行优化和改进,最终解决由于油底壳安装螺栓扭矩衰减导致的漏油问题。

石油钻井工程中防漏堵漏工艺的应用

为了满足石油资源的供应需求,我国近年来加大了石油钻井工程的实施规模。在石油钻井工程中,如果出现渗漏事故,将会对钻井工程的开展进度产生影响,甚至会引发程度不等的安全事故,有损石油开采企业的经济效益。所以,为了加快石油钻井作业效率,石油开采企业有必要重视防漏堵漏工艺的研究,并积极对防漏堵漏工艺进行持续优化,使防漏堵漏工艺可以高质量地应用到石油钻井工程当中。基于此,对石油钻井工程中防漏堵漏工艺的应用进行了详尽探析。