The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents...The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents in the area to establish the consequences of oil pollution on key performance indicators as well as the remedial actions for resuscitation. One of the bases of evaluation was on the fertility profile of the area impacted by oil spills as compared with the areas without oil spills influence. A suitable cost effective and environmentally friendly technique to handle the pollutions in the Niger Delta region can be found in systematic containment, recovery, clean up and restoration of the marine habitat to its initial capacity and status to be able to sustain life once again.展开更多
Oil spill occurrence during exploration, production and distribution can cause deleterious impact on the environment. Contamination of local streams/rivers, farmlands, forest resources and biodiversity in oil producin...Oil spill occurrence during exploration, production and distribution can cause deleterious impact on the environment. Contamination of local streams/rivers, farmlands, forest resources and biodiversity in oil producing areas presents strong significant possibility of significant harm to human health. Geo-information technologies present new opportunities for assessing stress environment and ways of determining exposure susceptibility in such areas. The study assesses the geographical distribution of oil-spills cluster and pattern using three geospatial techniques with ground data at 443 oil-spill incident sites from 1985-2008. The places with high (high-volume/ large impact/close proximity to communities) and low incident (low-volume/less impact/far-distance) are related to the quantity of oil-spills identified within those communities considered susceptible to spill impact and possible exposure. While the average nearest neighborhood analysis showed a probability that oil-spill distribution in the area is clustered (ratio < 1 with index value 0.19), the Getis-Ord General G test indicated that the oil-spill with high quantities (volume) discharge are significantly clustered within every 400 m. The Moran’s I index indicted that there is <1% likelihood that the clusters are as a result of random chance. These findings will help to combat the environmental problems and risks of prolong exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons by addressing future incidents or relocating oil facilities/communities and positioning of rapid response strategies.展开更多
According to the practice researching and formulating “The Oil Spill Contingency Plan of South Chinese Sea”, this paper analyses and discusses the structure, functions and main contents of marine oil spill contingen...According to the practice researching and formulating “The Oil Spill Contingency Plan of South Chinese Sea”, this paper analyses and discusses the structure, functions and main contents of marine oil spill contingency planning, programs the organizing and commanding system and emergency response system, and advances the planning and researching method to coordinate comprehensively and to design practically the detailed emergency response steps until to formulate the ease operating programs for the plan implementation(PPI) and the PPI to apply high techniques supporting emergency administrations and response.展开更多
RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal ...RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal current effects and Fay's algorithm for oil slick spreading mechanisms. The oil spill trajectory model contains the integration between Doppler frequency shift model and Lagrangian model. Doppler frequency shift model implemented to simulate tidal current pattern from RADARSAT data while the Lagrangian model used to predict oil spill spreading pattern. The classical Fay's algorithm was implemented with the two models to simulate the oil spill trajectory movements.The study shows that the slick lengths are effected by tidal current V component with maximum velocity of 1.4 m/s. This indicates that oil slick trajectory path is moved towards the north direction. The oil slick parcels are accumulated along the coastline after 48 h. The analysis indicated that tidal current V components were the dominant forcing for oil slick spreading.展开更多
Due to the interaction and corrosion of the seawater,submarine pipelines are easy to be broken to spill oil.The special environment of subsea restricts the technical development of pipeline maintenance.Therefore,the s...Due to the interaction and corrosion of the seawater,submarine pipelines are easy to be broken to spill oil.The special environment of subsea restricts the technical development of pipeline maintenance.Therefore,the study on the oil spilling model of submarine pipeline is very important for predicting the movement and diffusion of spilled oil,so that oil spilling traces and relating strategies can be determined.This paper aims to establish an oil spilling model of a submarine pipeline,study the movement characteristics of spilled oil in seawater by numerical simulation,and determine the traces,diffusion range,time to sea surface,etc.Then,the maximum horizontal migration distance(MHMD)with corresponding time are analyzed under different oil densities,spilling speeds and seawater velocities.Results show that the MHMD decreases first and then increases while the time to achieve the MHMD increases along with increasing oil density.The MHMD increases while the time to achieve the MHMD decreases,along with increasing spilling speed.Both the MHMD and corresponding time increase along with increasing seawater velocity.Based on numerical results,a correlation of spilling distance and spilling time is proposed to give fast and accurate predictions.After the oil reaches sea surface,oil expansion and transport are simulated.Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulation.Dynamic and non-dynamic factors are considered.Results show that wind velocity and water velocity are dominant in dynamic factors.When they are large,spilled oil moves very fast with variable directions in complex flow field.Nondynamic factors such as evaporation,emulsion and solution mainly reduce the volume of oil film.They almost do not affect the direction and displacement of spilled oil.Quick response should be made for large wind and water velocities when the placement of oil boom is given.With the correlation and simulation,emergency responses can be guided effectively to reduce the impact of submarine oil pollution.The computational results benefit pollution control and environmental protection in marine petroleum engineering.展开更多
Advances in the use of porous materials for oilwater separation offer a promising avenue for solving oil spill problems.Conventionally,to realize selective oil absorption,porous sorbents need to be fully hydrophobized...Advances in the use of porous materials for oilwater separation offer a promising avenue for solving oil spill problems.Conventionally,to realize selective oil absorption,porous sorbents need to be fully hydrophobized with lowsurface-energy chemicals.However,such exhaustive hydrophobization brings about problems of excessive chemical consumption,high cost and increased environmental hazards,hindering the practical applications of sorbents.Here,an innovative type of oil sorbent is developed via a facile liquid film-based dip coating technique.Unlike conventional fullyhydrophobized sorbents,only the outmost layer of our sorbent is modified with hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)coating while the inner part remains hydrophilic,thus achieving 80%reduction in low-surface-energy chemical consumption.The prepared sorbent allows highly selective oil absorption from oil-water mixture,as the hydrophobic skin layer blocks water entrance and the hydrophilic inner part drives oil absorption.More importantly,our sorbent significantly speeds up oil absorption,and compared with conventional hydrophobic sponges,the absorption time is reduced by 36%for absorption of the same mass of crude oil,attributed to the strong capillary absorption of its hydrophilic inner channels.This sorbent also shows larger specific absorption capacity than its fully hydrophobized counterpart.Our study provides a general strategy to develop cost-effective and environmental-benign sorbents with enhanced oil spill absorption performances.展开更多
An increase in energy demand leads to further exploration, transportation, and utilization of petroleum, which creates severe soil contamination because of recurrent accidents and oil spills. Remediation of these cont...An increase in energy demand leads to further exploration, transportation, and utilization of petroleum, which creates severe soil contamination because of recurrent accidents and oil spills. Remediation of these contaminated soils is challenging. Among many treatment methods practiced for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, surfactant-enhanced soil washing has been widely practiced as a preferred treatment option, as it is a fast and environmentally accepted method. In this paper, we review research undertaken on various anionic, nonionic, cationic, biological, and mixed surfactants for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Upcoming surfactants like gemini and switchable surfactants are summarized. We assess the challenges and opportunities of in-situ and ex-situ soil washing, the mechanisms of surfactant-enhanced soil washing, and the criteria to follow for surfactant selection.Furthermore, we briefly discuss the operational and environmental factors affecting soil washing efficiency and soil and surfactant properties affecting surfactant adsorption. We also describe the advantages of coupling soil washing with effluent treatment and surfactant reuse challenges and opportunities. Moreover, challenges and possible new directions for future research on surfactant-enhanced soil washing are proposed.展开更多
文摘The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents in the area to establish the consequences of oil pollution on key performance indicators as well as the remedial actions for resuscitation. One of the bases of evaluation was on the fertility profile of the area impacted by oil spills as compared with the areas without oil spills influence. A suitable cost effective and environmentally friendly technique to handle the pollutions in the Niger Delta region can be found in systematic containment, recovery, clean up and restoration of the marine habitat to its initial capacity and status to be able to sustain life once again.
文摘Oil spill occurrence during exploration, production and distribution can cause deleterious impact on the environment. Contamination of local streams/rivers, farmlands, forest resources and biodiversity in oil producing areas presents strong significant possibility of significant harm to human health. Geo-information technologies present new opportunities for assessing stress environment and ways of determining exposure susceptibility in such areas. The study assesses the geographical distribution of oil-spills cluster and pattern using three geospatial techniques with ground data at 443 oil-spill incident sites from 1985-2008. The places with high (high-volume/ large impact/close proximity to communities) and low incident (low-volume/less impact/far-distance) are related to the quantity of oil-spills identified within those communities considered susceptible to spill impact and possible exposure. While the average nearest neighborhood analysis showed a probability that oil-spill distribution in the area is clustered (ratio < 1 with index value 0.19), the Getis-Ord General G test indicated that the oil-spill with high quantities (volume) discharge are significantly clustered within every 400 m. The Moran’s I index indicted that there is <1% likelihood that the clusters are as a result of random chance. These findings will help to combat the environmental problems and risks of prolong exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons by addressing future incidents or relocating oil facilities/communities and positioning of rapid response strategies.
文摘According to the practice researching and formulating “The Oil Spill Contingency Plan of South Chinese Sea”, this paper analyses and discusses the structure, functions and main contents of marine oil spill contingency planning, programs the organizing and commanding system and emergency response system, and advances the planning and researching method to coordinate comprehensively and to design practically the detailed emergency response steps until to formulate the ease operating programs for the plan implementation(PPI) and the PPI to apply high techniques supporting emergency administrations and response.
文摘RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal current effects and Fay's algorithm for oil slick spreading mechanisms. The oil spill trajectory model contains the integration between Doppler frequency shift model and Lagrangian model. Doppler frequency shift model implemented to simulate tidal current pattern from RADARSAT data while the Lagrangian model used to predict oil spill spreading pattern. The classical Fay's algorithm was implemented with the two models to simulate the oil spill trajectory movements.The study shows that the slick lengths are effected by tidal current V component with maximum velocity of 1.4 m/s. This indicates that oil slick trajectory path is moved towards the north direction. The oil slick parcels are accumulated along the coastline after 48 h. The analysis indicated that tidal current V components were the dominant forcing for oil slick spreading.
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),grant number No.51576210.
文摘Due to the interaction and corrosion of the seawater,submarine pipelines are easy to be broken to spill oil.The special environment of subsea restricts the technical development of pipeline maintenance.Therefore,the study on the oil spilling model of submarine pipeline is very important for predicting the movement and diffusion of spilled oil,so that oil spilling traces and relating strategies can be determined.This paper aims to establish an oil spilling model of a submarine pipeline,study the movement characteristics of spilled oil in seawater by numerical simulation,and determine the traces,diffusion range,time to sea surface,etc.Then,the maximum horizontal migration distance(MHMD)with corresponding time are analyzed under different oil densities,spilling speeds and seawater velocities.Results show that the MHMD decreases first and then increases while the time to achieve the MHMD increases along with increasing oil density.The MHMD increases while the time to achieve the MHMD decreases,along with increasing spilling speed.Both the MHMD and corresponding time increase along with increasing seawater velocity.Based on numerical results,a correlation of spilling distance and spilling time is proposed to give fast and accurate predictions.After the oil reaches sea surface,oil expansion and transport are simulated.Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulation.Dynamic and non-dynamic factors are considered.Results show that wind velocity and water velocity are dominant in dynamic factors.When they are large,spilled oil moves very fast with variable directions in complex flow field.Nondynamic factors such as evaporation,emulsion and solution mainly reduce the volume of oil film.They almost do not affect the direction and displacement of spilled oil.Quick response should be made for large wind and water velocities when the placement of oil boom is given.With the correlation and simulation,emergency responses can be guided effectively to reduce the impact of submarine oil pollution.The computational results benefit pollution control and environmental protection in marine petroleum engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072185,21872176,21805315,and 12072381)the Pearl River Talents Program(2017GC010671)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310062 and 2019A1515012030)。
文摘Advances in the use of porous materials for oilwater separation offer a promising avenue for solving oil spill problems.Conventionally,to realize selective oil absorption,porous sorbents need to be fully hydrophobized with lowsurface-energy chemicals.However,such exhaustive hydrophobization brings about problems of excessive chemical consumption,high cost and increased environmental hazards,hindering the practical applications of sorbents.Here,an innovative type of oil sorbent is developed via a facile liquid film-based dip coating technique.Unlike conventional fullyhydrophobized sorbents,only the outmost layer of our sorbent is modified with hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)coating while the inner part remains hydrophilic,thus achieving 80%reduction in low-surface-energy chemical consumption.The prepared sorbent allows highly selective oil absorption from oil-water mixture,as the hydrophobic skin layer blocks water entrance and the hydrophilic inner part drives oil absorption.More importantly,our sorbent significantly speeds up oil absorption,and compared with conventional hydrophobic sponges,the absorption time is reduced by 36%for absorption of the same mass of crude oil,attributed to the strong capillary absorption of its hydrophilic inner channels.This sorbent also shows larger specific absorption capacity than its fully hydrophobized counterpart.Our study provides a general strategy to develop cost-effective and environmental-benign sorbents with enhanced oil spill absorption performances.
基金The financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0400501 and 2016YFC0400502)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China (No. 2232018D3-43)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21277023)
文摘An increase in energy demand leads to further exploration, transportation, and utilization of petroleum, which creates severe soil contamination because of recurrent accidents and oil spills. Remediation of these contaminated soils is challenging. Among many treatment methods practiced for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, surfactant-enhanced soil washing has been widely practiced as a preferred treatment option, as it is a fast and environmentally accepted method. In this paper, we review research undertaken on various anionic, nonionic, cationic, biological, and mixed surfactants for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Upcoming surfactants like gemini and switchable surfactants are summarized. We assess the challenges and opportunities of in-situ and ex-situ soil washing, the mechanisms of surfactant-enhanced soil washing, and the criteria to follow for surfactant selection.Furthermore, we briefly discuss the operational and environmental factors affecting soil washing efficiency and soil and surfactant properties affecting surfactant adsorption. We also describe the advantages of coupling soil washing with effluent treatment and surfactant reuse challenges and opportunities. Moreover, challenges and possible new directions for future research on surfactant-enhanced soil washing are proposed.
