The development status and the prospect of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry

In the process of the constant development of the oil and gas storage and transportation technology, the maintenance of the large pipelines is an important task. At present, China vigorously promotes the use of the pipeline robots, for the maintenance of the oil and gas pipelines by the unique characteristics of the robots. In this paper, the author carries out the detailed analysis on the current situation of the development of the pipeline robots in the oil and gas storage and transportation industry, and compares the different applications of the pipeline robots at home and abroad. Starting from the principles of the operation of the robots, the author analyzes the characteristics of the different types of the robots, and combined with the existing conditions of the oil and gas storage and transportation in our country, the author tries to find the most favorable way of the working of the pipeline robots, to continuously improve the development of the oil and gas storage and transportation industry using the robot technologies.

Reform Exploration for Safety Course System of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Facilities

In recent years,the safety of oil and gas storage and transportation facilities has been paid more attention by the state and enterprises due to frequent accidents.The oil and gas storage and transportation facilities safety courses in China University of Petroleum(Beijing)includes“Engineering mechanics”,“Strength design of pipelines and tanks”and“Safety and integrity management of oil and gas storage and transportation facilities”.The three courses lack relevance and the teaching mode is too rigid,resulting in students losing their initiative in learning.If students can’t use the knowledge flexibly,it will affect the achievement of the objectives of the training program.Therefore,oil and gas storage and transportation facilities safety courses are reformed,training plans are adjusted and teaching methods are improved.The practice shows that the reform enriches the teaching content,improves the teaching quality,stimulates classroom activity and gets a good evaluation of students.The reform of safety courses has a certain significance for cultivating compound talents who have the ability to solve practical problems in engineering.

A STAMP-Game model for accident analysis in oil and gas industry

Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Based on system and control theories,System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes(STAMP)is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis.In this paper,we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems.Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game.Game theory can,thus,be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders.Subsequently,we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities.The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity,and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity.The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities.The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement,to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk.

Research on Innovation of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit’s Rent Mode under Low Oil Price

After many years of exploitation,onshore oil and gas resources are about to enter a recession period.Oil and gas will mainly come from oceans in the future.Generally speaking,the exploration and production(E&P)cost of oil from offshore is much higher than that of oil from onshore,so it is more sensitive to oil price.However,in recent years,oil price has been hovering at a low level for a long time,almost close to or even lower than the E&P cost of oil,which directly affects the development of oilfields.Besides the influence of oil price,some oilfields present the characteristics of marginal reserve scale,short peak production period and output rapidly declining.There leads to short economic life period and makes the economic benefit close to or lower than oilfield’s hurdle rate,which increases the difficulty of offshore oilfield development.As an important part of oilfield development,Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit,its investment mode and rent mode directly affect overall oilfield’s rate of return and the economic life.This paper chooses lease mode as the research object based on the analysis of investment mode,and further puts forward rent mode related with oil price through the analysis of traditional rent mode,and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of various rent modes and their applicability so that the lessor chooses the right mode to achieve Win-Win with Oil Company and promotes the development of oilfields under low oil price.

The challenges facing the oil and gas storage and transportation technology and its developing direction

In recent years, our country is increasingly dependent on the use of the oil resources, and the degree of the oil mining is also continuously upgrading. After the completion of the tasks related to the oil mining in the lands, the technologies for the development of the offshore oil mining are particularly important. Among these problems, after the exploitation, the storage and transportation of the offshore oil and gas is worthy of the discussion of the technical personnel. From the experience of the oil and gas storage and transportation in the long years, in some environmentally degraded areas, there are problems in the efficiency and safety in the long pipeline transportation and the oil and gas mixed transportation, and in the transportation, there are also big shortcomings. In this paper, the author carries on the analysis of the existing questions encountering in our country＇s oil and gas storage and transportation~ and proposes the direction of the researches in the future oil and gas storage and transportation, and the purpose is to better improve the security of Cbina＇s oil and gas storage and transportation and to enhance the efficiency of the use of the oil and gas.

Progress and prospects of carbon dioxide capture,EOR-utilization and storage industrialization

Carbon dioxide capture,EOR-utilization and storage(CCUS-EOR)are the most practical and feasible large-scale carbon reduction technologies,and also the key technologies to greatly improve the recovery of low-permeability oil fields.This paper sorts out the main course of CCUS-EOR technological development abroad and its industrialization progress.The progress of CCUS-EOR technological research and field tests in China are summarized,the development status,problems and challenges of the entire industry chain of CO_(2) capture,transportation,oil displacement,and storage are analyzed.The results show a huge potential of the large-scale application of CCUS-EOR in China in terms of carbon emission reduction and oil production increase.At present,CCUS-EOR in China is in a critical stage of development,from field pilot tests to industrialization.Aiming at the feature of continental sedimentary oil and gas reservoirs in China,and giving full play to the advantages of the abundant reserves for CO_(2) flooding,huge underground storage space,surface infrastructure,and wide distribution of wellbore injection channels,by cooperating with carbon emission enterprises,critical technological research and demonstration project construction should be accelerated,including the capture of low-concentration CO_(2) at low-cost and on large-scale,supercritical CO_(2) long-distance transportation,greatly enhancing oil recovery and storage rate,and CO_(2) large-scale and safe storage.CCUS-EOR theoretical and technical standard system should be constructed for the whole industrial chain to support and promote the industrial scale application,leading the rapid and profitable development of CCUS-EOR emerging industrial chain with innovation.

Science and Technology of China Onshore Petroleum Industry Towards 21st Century（Part 4）

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Reform of Elastic-Plastic Mechanics and Strength Design of Pipelines Based on Ideological and Political Education

Oil and gas storage and transportation safety courses are very important in oil and gas storage and transportation engineering.With the ideological and political construction of the course in the new period,the mode of professional knowledge teaching cannot meet the teaching requirements.The teaching team has been practicing in the course for many years.By inserting typical characters,typical projects,national policies and industry trends into the course,students'patriotism,academic confidence and environmental protection awareness have been cultivated,and remarkable results have been achieved.At the same time,it can provide some reference for the ideological and political education of engineering majors.

高职院校石化专业产教融合实训基地建设探索

文章采用文献研究法和实地调研法,对油气储运技术产教融合实训基地的建设与运行进行了系统研究,旨在探索油气储运技术产教融合实训基地的建设和运行模式,为培养高素质的油气储运人才提供有效的实训平台和教学资源,为油气储运产业的健康发展提供人才支撑和智力支持。

油气储运工程专业工程教育认证与“五自”质量文化体系的融合实践

以学生为中心、成果导向、持续改进是工程教育认证的三大核心理念。华东理工大学油气储运工程专业开展的融合“五自”质量文化体系的实践,是基于工程教育认证的持续改进和创新过程。文章系统阐述了工程教育认证与“五自”质量文化体系融合的内涵、实践以及具体成效,论证了实践与工程教育认证标准之间的协调统一关系,强调了专业教师在通过自我管理提升教育质量方面的关键作用,并以专业取得的发展成效验证了融合“五自”质量文化体系的工程教育的有效性,为其他院校工程教育的发展提供了宝贵的经验。

杏北油田掺水系统全流程能量优化方法的研究与应用

油田含水率的上升和产液规模的不断增大,导致集输能耗逐年增加,如何保持开发效益,降低集输能耗,成为高含水开发阶段面临的一大难题。随着节能工作不断深入,潜力已得到很大程度的挖掘,常规技术节能空间小,能耗管控压力大。因此开展能量系统优化技术研究,该方法转变原来区域优化的方式,统筹采油井、计量间、转油站、脱水站四个环节,通过确定末端能耗需求,逐级推导前端各环节能供给的方式,指导集输系统精细化、低能耗生产运行。杏北油田自2017年应用能量优化运行技术,由点及面逐步扩大规模,已实现水驱转油站全覆盖,截至目前累计节气5 621×10^(4)m^(3),节电3 275×10^(4)kWh,为油田集输系统降本增效提供了指导依据。

新工科背景下石油类专业课课程思政与教改探索——以油气储运装备腐蚀与防护为例

新工科是面向新经济、新产业发展而兴起的高等工程本科教育改革与建设,其任务包含贯穿工程教育新理念、创新人才培养模式,树立以学生为中心的理念,培养学科交融的多元化卓越工程人才。课程思政不仅是高校落实“立德树人”根本任务的战略措施,而且也是高校促进课程教学质量提升的有效支撑。为此,以石油类专业课油气储运装备腐蚀与防护为例,顺应新工科背景下高校专业课的课程思政与教学改革有机结合的需要,从课程目标、教学模式和教学设计、实施途径等方面,对课程思政元素有效融入高校专业课的整个教学过程并提升其教学效果和教学质量进行一系列的研究与探索。

小样本预测埋地管道外腐蚀速率

为解决现有线性回归模型、单一支持向量机和遗传算法优化支持向量机(GA-SVM)等管道腐蚀速率预测准确率低的难题,选取总含盐量、氧化还原电位、pH值、氯离子浓度、硝酸根浓度、硫酸根浓度、溶解氧含量、自然腐蚀电位等埋地管道外腐蚀速率的主要影响因素作为输入变量,采用麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机算法,建立了麻雀搜索优化的支持向量机(SSA-SVM)腐蚀速率预测模型。测试集验证结果表明,SSA-SVM模型的决定系数R2为0.9919,高于线性回归模型(0.7189)、单一支持向量机(0.8442)和GA-SVM(0.9137);均方根误差为0.0686 mm/a,低于其他3种模型的0.1166、1.7745、0.1183 mm/a;平均绝对误差为0.0902 mm/a,低于其他3种模型的0.1474、1.7056、0.0977 mm/a;平均相对误差为3.94%,低于其他3种模型的25.59%、32.29%和6.42%。采用此模型随机选择B管道8组检测数据预测埋地管线外腐蚀速率,与现场实际年腐蚀速率对比预测精度为0.9642,高于GA-SVM的预测精度0.6690,表明该模型可应用于埋地管道的外腐蚀量和腐蚀速率预测,为埋地管道的安全运行提供数据支持。

新工科背景下“粮油贮运学”课程改革与实践

新工科发展建设要求食品专业培养既有专业知识又具有创新意识和能力的综合人才。以“粮油贮运学”课程为例,从优化课程目标和教学内容、改进教学手段、丰富实践教学环节及建立科学合理的课程考核评价体系等方面进行了课程改革和建设。课程改革将理论与实践教学的有机结合,提高了学生参与度和学习主动性,有利于培养学生创新意识和创新能力,提升学生解决实际问题的能力。

基于TRIZ理论的专创融合教学探索与实践

专创融合课程建设是高校创新创业教育深化改革的方向,也是高校培养创新人才的重要途径,旨在解决当前面临的创新创业教育与专业教育结合不紧、创新课程与专业课程脱钩的棘手难题。油气储运工程是石油化工领域的特色交叉专业,基于TRIZ理论探索油气储运工程专业课程的融合创新,对深化专创融合、提升教学质量具有重要的指导意义。

油气储运工程研究生国际化人才培养模式研究

随着新工科建设新时代的到来,工科专业的教育有了新的内涵。油气储运工程是石油与天然气行业不可或缺的一部分,行业内对该专业的人才培养有着更高的要求与期待。研究生作为高校培养出的高端、创新型人才,对研究生的培养更是建设创新型国家的重要基石。从国际化的师资组建、教学方式以及考核方式分析指出现阶段油气储运工程研究生国际化人才培养的不足,并从以上三个方面对油气储运工程未来的人才培养模式的改进方法进行阐述,对于国外的人才培养模式取其精华,并就现阶段高校的教学方式提出具体的建议。

基于SAC的炼厂原油储运调度方法

目前对于炼厂原油储运调度决策的研究大多采用基于数学规划的静态调度方案,求解时间较长并且无法针对环境的变化进行实时高效的储运调度优化。为此,本文结合深度强化学习算法建立了考虑炼厂生产约束的原油资源储运动态实时调度决策算法。该算法首先将炼厂原油资源调度问题转换为马尔可夫决策过程,其次提出了一种基于软演员-评论家(soft actor-critic,SAC)的深度强化学习算法来同时确定调度过程中的传输目标等离散决策以及传输速度等连续决策。结果表明,算法学习到的策略可行性较好,与基线算法相比,油轮在港时间、调度方案事件数量、加工计划执行率等重要指标方面均得到了较好的效果,在求解时间方面大幅提升至毫秒级,并有效控制随机事件对整体决策的影响范围。该算法可为沿海炼厂原油储运调度快速决策提供新的思路。

新工科背景下油气储存与装卸课程教学改革探索

在新工科背景下,随着油气田开发及输送新理论、新技术、新方法的不断出现,油气储运行业迫切需要具备创新能力的复合人才,这对高校的人才培养提出了更高的要求。文章以油气储存与装卸课程为例,分析了目前课程教学中存在的问题和挑战,并介绍了教研团队结合已有教学经验,对该课程实施的教学改革举措,包括整合课程内容、开发虚拟仿真实验平台、引入前沿教学方式、构建多样化考核方式。以上举措的实施有助于提高人才培养质量,推动油气储运领域的可持续发展。

油气储运设施强度设计与安全管理课程数字化教材建设

随着数字化技术的飞速发展,教育领域正经历着一场前所未有的变革。教材建设的数字化转型将更好地提高工科专业课程的教学质量,进一步满足学生的学习需求。文章着眼于中国石油大学(北京)的油气储运工程国家级一流专业建设,从专业课中对于有限元分析技术的高效学习出发,探讨了数字化教材在章节设置、内容选取、案例与课程的联系。阐述了中国石油大学(北京)油气储运工程线上线下教学等方面的实践和优势。通过加强数字化教材的建设,以工程应用为导向,旨在为学生提供一个更加便捷、高效的学习平台,培养学生在实际工作中应用所学知识的能力,从而为油气储运行业的发展作出贡献。

油田储罐腐蚀在线检测及风险评估

各类储罐自投产以来,因生产任务紧张,一些储罐未定期开展检测检修工作。近期部分储罐检修期间,发现储罐腐蚀损伤严重,经初步经济评价,检测及维修费用高于新建的费用,因此部分储罐废弃后新建,造成了较大的经济损失。目前油田原油储罐底板腐蚀问题突出,部分原油储罐底部长期处于积水及高腐蚀性环境状态,随着服役时间延长,底板腐蚀风险较大。通过对比储罐腐蚀检测技术特点,进行检测适应性评价,优选出了声发射在线检测技术进行储罐底板在线检测。该技术具有操作快捷,不影响正常生产,能提前预判腐蚀风险,为全面掌握分公司储罐运行状况,进行储罐风险评价及分级,节约不必要的开罐检修费用。