Maximizing Oil Palm Yield: Innovative Replanting Strategies for Sustainable Productivity

This paper examines the significance of innovative replanting strategies in maximizing oil palm yield while ensuring sustainable productivity.Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of current practices,the major findings of this research highlighted the importance of advanced breeding and clonal selection in developing high-yielding and disease-resistant oil palm varieties.Precision agriculture technologies,including IoT devices,drones,and sensors,were identified as critical tools for data-driven decision making,optimizing resource efficiency,and reducing environmental impact.Sustainable land use planning and agroforestry integration emerged as key strategies to balance productivity with environmental conservation.The broader impacts of this work extend to other agricultural sectors and land use planning,offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to promote responsible and resilient agricultural practices.By embracing innovative replanting strategies,the oil palm industry can contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous future,balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship.Continued research and collaboration are essential to achieve these goals and foster a harmonious coexistence between productivity and sustainability,integrating precision agriculture technologies for resource optimization and reduced environmental impact,promoting sustainable land use planning and agroforestry integration to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services.Strengthening collaborations between governments,industry players,and research institutions for innovation and knowledge exchange is essential.

Towards sustainable intensification of apple production in China—Yield gaps and nutrient use effi ciency in apple farming systems

China is in a dominant position in apple production globally with both the largest apple growing area and the largest export of fresh apple fruits. However, the annual productivity of China＇s apple is significantly lower than that of other dominant apple producing countries. In addition, apple production is based on excessive application of chemical fertilizers and the nutrient use efficiency （especially nitrogen） is therefore low and the nutrient emissions to the environment are high. Apple production in China is considerably contributes to farmers＇ incomes and is important as export product. There is an urgent need to enhance apple productivity and improve nutrient use efficiencies in intensive apple production systems in the country. These can be attained by improved understanding of production potential, yield gaps, nutrient use and best management in apple orchards. To the end, priorities in research on apple production systems and required political support are described which may lead to more sustainable and environmental-friendly intensification of apple production in China.

Effect of Phosphorus and Irrigation Levels on Yield,Water Productivity,Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Income of Lowland Rice in Northwest Pakistan

With decreasing availability of water for agriculture and increasing demand for rice production, an optimum use of irrigation water and phosphorus may guarantee sustainable rice production. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the effect of phosphorus and irrigation levels on yield, water productivity （WP）, phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） and income of low land rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements replicated four times. Main plot consisted of five phosphorus levels, viz. 0 （P0）, 50 （P50）, 100 （P100）, 150 （P15o）, and 200 （P200） kg/hm2, while subplots contained of irrigation times, i.e. 8 （I8）, 10 （I10）, 12 （I12）, and 14 （I14） irrigation levels, each with a water depth of 7.5 cm. Mean values revealed that P150 in combination with I10 produced the highest paddy yield （9.8 t/hm2） and net benefit （1 231.8 US$/hm2） among all the treatments. Phosphorus enhanced WP when applied in appropriate combination with irrigation level. The highest mean WP [13.3 kg/（hm2-mm）] could be achieved at Plso with 18 and decreased with increase in irrigation level, while the highest mean PUE （20.1 kg/kg） could be achieved at P100 with I10 and diminished with higher P levels. The overall results indicate that P150 along with I10 was the best combination for sustainable rice cultivation in silty clay soil.

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with supplemental irrigation to improve seed yield and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.

The combined effects of farm yard manure and boron application on growth,and oil quality of Canola grown under newly reclaimed soils

Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure(FYM)and boron on Canola growth,yield,oil yield,and quality.The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ton ha^(-1)with a foliar spray of boron at 100 ppm positively influenced plant characteristics,leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group.Moreover,this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content,carbohydrates,proteins,phenolics,flavonoids,and total soluble sugars.These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Achieving High Soil Fertility, Efficient Fruit Harvesting and Low Carbon Footprint Palm Oil Production in Malaysia

The current palm oil harvesting process removes the whole fruit bunch from the palm with most of the fruit unripe, and takes the whole fruit bunch from the plantation to a processing mill. There are two consequences. This robs the symbiotic palm/soil eco-system of important nutrients and steadily reduces soil fertility. Poor soil fertility is now the limit to palm oil production in peninsular Malaysia despite much use of expensive fertiliser, and weak palms in unhealthy soil are prone to the fungus Ganoderma. Secondly, it takes much energy to remove the fruit from the bunch and the quantity and quality of the oil is less than that of ripe fruit. All this is because ripe fruit—which naturally becomes loose—has been defined as “a problem” in harvesting. This paper proposes covering the fruit bunch in a mesh sack whilst ripening, which prevents ripe fruit naturally from becoming loose being a problem and transforms the whole harvesting process. This allows efficient fruit separation and fruit pressing to be done at the foot of the palm tree with only the oil being removed from the plantation, both simplifying and improving the harvesting process and maintaining the organic fertility cycle, adding value in every respect.

Soil Fertility Is a Productive Capital Asset

In recent years, the understanding of human health has progressed considerably, through the study and understanding of the symbiotic role played by the myriad microorganisms that populate the gut and do the digesting, and populate the skin and keep it healthy, and even populate the lining of the lungs and do the same. In plant life, it is the microorganisms in the soil—which “are” the soil’s fertility—which fulfil a similar symbiotic role in a healthy plant’s life, but as yet this is a subject most visible by its absence from all scientific discussion of good farming practice. The science underlying this understanding is summarised in this paper. Understanding this and nurturing the fertility of impoverished soil by “seeding it” with the appropriate mix of microorganisms is transformational for plant health and productivity. Significant results are indicated from early trial examples of doing this in rice, oil palm and tobacco cultivation in Malaysia.

Varied previous crops on improving oilseed flax productivity in semiarid Loess Plateau in China

To investigate the effects of crop rotation on oilseed flax growth and yield,three season experiments were carried out in semi-arid area of Dingxi,Gansu from 2017 to 2019.The designed 6 rotational systems were FFF(flax-flaxflax),PFF(potato-flax-flax),WPF(wheat-potato-flax),FPF(flax-potato-flax),PWF(potato-wheat-flax)and FWF(flax-wheat-flax).Flax growth and yield investigation results showed that crop rotation increased leaf area duration,dry matter accumulation,seed nitrogen accumulation,water and nitrogen used efficiency,compared with continuous cropping of flax.Flaxseed yields in rotation systems were 22.23%–44.11%greater than those of continuous cropping system.Those in wheat and potato stubbles had higher tiller number(21.43%and 29.46%),more branches(14.24%and 6.97%),effective capsules(26.35%and 28.79%),higher water use efficiency(40.26%and 33.5%),higher nitrogen partial factor productivity(33.85%and 31.46%)and dry matter(41.98%and 25.47%)than those in oilseed flax stubble.It concluded that crop rotation system was an effective measure for oilseed flax productivity in semi-arid area by improving yield components and promoting biomass.

Sources of Nitrogen in Combination with Systems of Irrigation Influence the Productivity of Modern Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Cultivars during Dry Season in Sub-Tropical Environment

In irrigated agricultural systems,nitrogen(N)and water are the vital resources for sustainability of the crop production in the modern era of climate change.The current study aimed to assess the impact of water and N management on the productivity of irrigated rice cultivars.In the context,a field observation was done at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh,during dry seasons in consecutive two years(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The experiments were set up following split-plot design assigning water management in the main plots,nitrogen management in the sub-plots,and the cultivars were approved in the split-split plot with three replications.After two years observation,it was revealed that rice cultivar Binadhan-8 gave the maximum value of leaf area index,number effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1 which lead to the higher grain yield(GY).Substantial relationships were observed among the concentration of N,growth,total dry matter(TDM)and N content,N uptake,N utilization effectiveness,and GY.However,with little exception,the Combined effect of water and N,cultivars and water management were varied significantly for all parameters.Finally,the results of the current study concluded that application of irrigation at 8 days after the disappearance of ponded water and source of 105 kg N ha-1 from PU+Poultry manure are the best management approach for the excellent performance of rice cultivar Binadhan-8.

Investigation of feasibility of alkali-cosolvent flooding in heavy oil reservoirs

Cold production is a challenge in the case of heavy oil because of its high viscosity and poor fluidity in reservoir conditions.Alkali-cosolvent-polymer flooding is a type of microemulsion flooding with low costs and possible potential for heavy oil reservoirs.However,the addition of polymer may cause problems with injection in the case of highly viscous oil.Hence,in this study the feasibility of alkali-cosolvent(AC)flooding in heavy oil reservoirs was investigated via several groups of experiments.The interfacial tension between various AC formulations and heavy crude oil was measured to select appropriate formulations.Phase behavior tests were performed to determine the most appropriate formulation and conditions for the generation of a microemulsion.Sandpack flooding experiments were carried out to investigate the displacement efficiency of the selected Ac formulation.The results showed that the interfacial tension between an AC formulation and heavy oil could be reduced to below 1o-3 mN/m but differed greatly between different types of cosolvent.A butanol random polyether series displayed good performance in reducing the water-oil interfacial tension,which made it possible to form a Type Il microemulsion in reservoir conditions.According to the results of the phase behavior tests,the optimal salinity for different formulations with four cosolvent concentrations(0.5 wt%,1 wt%,2 wt%,and 3 wt%)was 4000,8000,14000,and 20000 ppm,respectively.The results of rheological measurements showed that Type Ill microemulsion had a viscosity that was ten times that of water.The results of sandpack flooding experiments showed that,in comparison with waterflooding,the injection of a certain Ac formulation slug could reduce the injection pressure.The pressure gradient during waterflooding and AC flooding was around 870 and 30-57 kPa/m,respectively.With the addition of an AC slug,the displacement efficiency was 30%-50%higher than in the case of waterflooding.

老油田“3+2”大幅度提高采收率技术内涵、机理及实践

传统方式的化学驱项目一般采取“2+3”的协同方式,也就是先通过水驱井网调整一次到位,再实施化学驱,受剩余油认识和预测精度的影响,会出现部分低产低效井,化学驱含水谷底平台期短,提高采收率幅度有限。为此,胜利油田通过基础攻关和探索实践,创新提出了化学驱与动态优化调整加合增效的“3+2”大幅度提高采收率技术,该技术是指在化学驱过程中,充分发挥和利用驱油体系扩大波及体积、提高驱油效率、调整动态非均质性的特点,主动培育、壮大动态剩余油富集区(“油墙”),适时井网调整、重构流场、均衡注采,高效动用、采出“油墙”,最大程度延长化学驱含水谷底平台期,实现三次采油和二次采油(“3+2”)适配优化、大幅度提高采收率的目的。通过大量物理模拟和数值模拟研究,明确了“井网-驱油剂-剩余油”适配优化提高采收率的机理。该技术在胜坨油田二区东三段5砂组进行了应用,通过优化“3+2”井网调整方式、驱油体系和注入参数等,预计区块含水谷底平台期从3 a延长至8 a,最终采收率为60.5%,比原方案采收率再提高7.5百分点。该技术是老油田大幅度提高采收率的关键技术,可以为中外同类型油藏延长化学驱见效高峰期提供指导和借鉴。

推荐施肥量下控释肥替代普通尿素提高高粱产量和氮肥生产力

【目的】高粱生产中氮肥施用不合理,氮肥利用效率低,研究适宜重庆地区高粱种植的控释氮肥减施比例,在减少氮肥用量的同时,确保高粱稳产高产,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】田间定位试验于2021、2022年在重庆永川进行,供试高粱品种为晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号。设置6个处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK);习惯尿素施肥量(U,N 180 kg/hm^(2));尿素推荐施用量(U1,减N 20%,N 144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量20%(C1,N144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量30%(C2,N 126 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量40%(C3,N 108 kg/hm^(2))。在高粱开花期和成熟期,调查干物质积累量和转运量,成熟期调查植株和籽粒氮素含量、生物量、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】开花期和成熟期高粱干物质积累量均以C1和U1处理最高,C1处理成熟期干物质积累量又显著高于U1。C1处理叶片花前干物质转运量显著高于U。花后干物质积累量C1处理显著高于其他处理,U1和C2处理显著高于U处理。C1处理晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率较U分别显著提高了11.54%和12.41%。C1处理的高粱产量最高(晋渝糯3号6611 kg/hm^(2),金糯粱1号5690 kg/hm^(2)),较其他施氮处理显著提高了5.40%~18.66%;其次为C2和U1处理,二者的产量均显著高于U和C3处理。各施氮处理的氮肥生理利用率(NPE)差异不显著;减氮处理间氮肥农学利用率(NAE)无显著差异,氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)差异显著,其NAE和NPFP均显著高于习惯施氮处理U;控释肥各减氮处理的NPFP显著高于普通氮肥推荐量处理U1。C1处理较U处理大幅提高了NAE、NPFP和氮肥利用率(NUE),晋渝糯3号分别提高了58.54%、39.61%和59.28%,金糯粱1号分别提高了80.97%、48.30%和63.08%;与U1处理相比,晋渝糯3号的NPFP、NUE分别提高了5.38%和22.19%,金糯粱1号分别提高了5.82%和4.42%。【结论】推荐施氮量下,用控释肥替代普通氮肥增加了高粱开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,提高了叶片花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率,提升了高粱产量和氮肥利用效率,可作为西南地区高粱生产的推荐氮肥施用方式。

水氮运筹对滴灌冬小麦产量和水氮利用效率的影响

为探究水氮运筹对滴灌冬小麦产量和水氮利用效率的效应,于2019—2021年开展了连续2年小麦田间试验,设置2个施氮水平210(N1)和240(N_(2))kg·hm^(-2),4个灌水处理W1(不灌水)、W2(每次30 mm)、W_(3)(每次45 mm)、W_(4)(每次60 mm),分析不同处理小麦产量及水氮利用率相关指标。结果表明,2019—2021年,施氮量和灌水量对冬小麦抽穗期、扬花期和灌浆期叶片净光合速率的影响为极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05),且三个生育时期均以N_(2)W_(4)处理最高,与N1W_(4)和N_(2)W_(3)处理间没有显著差异;三个生育时期的土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量均以N_(2)W_(3)、N1W_(4)或N_(2)W_(4)处理最低。小麦越冬期、灌浆期和成熟期土壤铵态氮与产量和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)均呈显著或极显著负相关;抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期土壤硝态氮与产量和NPFP均呈显著或极显著负相关。2个年度,水氮运筹较对照显著提高了冬小麦的产量和水氮利用效率,产量增幅分别为38.9%~62.0%和40.9%~68.3%,水分利用效率(WUE)增幅分别为8.0%~15.7%和10.1%~16.4%,NPFP增幅分别为38.9%~62.0%和40.9%~65.5%;冬小麦产量和WUE均以N_(2)W_(4)处理最高,N_(2)W_(3)处理次之,两者间没有显著性差异;但N_(2)W_(3)处理的水分利用效率均显著高于N_(2)W_(4)处理。综上,在本试验条件下,施氮量240 kg·hm^(-2)、每次灌水45 mm(N_(2)W_(3))为该地区滴灌冬小麦最佳水氮运筹组合,可以实现保障产量和提高水氮利用效率的目标。

两种产量水平下超级杂交稻氮素吸收利用特性

探明不同产量水平下超级杂交稻的氮素吸收利用特性,可为我国西南稻区超级杂交稻高产栽培和育种提供理论和实践依据。以2个超级杂交稻品种(‘德优4727’‘泸优727’)和2个高产常规稻品种(‘金农丝苗’‘黄华占’)为材料,于2018—2020年在四川省德阳市(高产点)和泸州市(中产点)两个生态点进行大田和盆栽试验,研究两种产量水平下超级杂交稻氮素吸收、转运及利用效率的差异。结果表明:大田条件下不同生态点间超级杂交稻产量、氮素吸收积累利用特性差异显著。高产点超级杂交稻产量、氮肥偏生产力较中产点分别增加8.3%~23.2%、8.3%~23.1%。高产点超级杂交稻播种(SO)—幼穗分化(PI)、PI—齐穗(HD)阶段氮素吸收量和氮素吸收速率(除2018年幼穗分化—齐穗外)均高于中产点,HD—成熟(MA)阶段仍保持较高的氮素吸收量。高产点超级杂交稻成熟期氮素总吸收量较中产点增加15.6%~33.7%。尽管高产点超级杂交稻氮素收获指数较中产点平均增加4.6%(2018年除外),但成熟期仍有大量氮素滞留在超级杂交稻的秸秆中,造成高产点氮素籽粒生产效率较中产点平均减少11.3%。方差分析表明,盆栽条件下土壤、土壤×地点、土壤×品种互作对超级杂交稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮素籽粒生产效率影响不显著。高产点盆栽超级杂交稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮素籽粒生产效率变化趋势与大田试验相似。高产点SO—PI平均温度高于中产点,HD—MA平均温度低于中产点;高产点SO—PI、PI—HD和HD—MA太阳辐射积累量(除2018年PI-HD外)均高于中产点。相关分析表明,高产点籽粒产量与PI—HD氮素吸收量、氮素收获指数呈显著正相关;氮素籽粒生产效率与SO—PI的氮素吸收量和平均温度呈显著负相关。中产点籽粒产量与氮素籽粒生产效率、总吸氮量呈显著正相关;氮素籽粒生产效率与SO—PI和HD—MA的平均温度呈显著负相关。因此,不同产量水平超级杂交稻产量和氮素吸收利用特性差异主要与不同生育期内的平均温度和太阳辐射有关。

灌水施氮和缩节胺用量对南疆棉花产量品质和水肥利用效率的影响

为研究灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量对棉花籽棉产量、纤维品质和水肥利用效率的交互影响,于2020年和2021年在南疆库尔勒地区开展大田试验,设置3个灌水量(W1:60%ETc,W2:80%ETc,W_(3):100%ETc,ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量),4个施氮量(N0:0,N200:200 kg/hm^(2),N_(300):300 kg/hm^(2),N_(400):400 kg/hm^(2))和2个缩节胺用量(D_(1):120 g/hm^(2),D_(2):240 g/hm^(2))。结果表明:灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量对籽棉产量、水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力和部分纤维品质指标影响显著(P<0.05)。灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量三者交互作用对肥料偏生产力和纤维品质影响显著(P<0.05)。株高、叶面积指数和干物质量也受灌水量、施氮量和缩节胺用量三者交互作用影响。W_(3)N_(300)D_(2)处理籽棉产量最高(2020年为7578 kg/hm^(2),2021年为7173 kg/hm^(2)),W1N_(400)D_(1)处理水分利用效率和W_(3)N0D_(2)处理肥料偏生产力最高,W_(3)N_(400)D_(2)处理的纤维长度、纤维强度和马克隆值均获得较大值,纤维品质最佳。基于TOPSIS综合评价方法对棉花产量品质和水肥利用效率进行综合评价,100%ETc灌水量、300 kg/hm^(2)施氮量和240 g/hm^(2)缩节胺用量组合最优,可作为南疆棉花适宜的水氮和化控管理模式。研究结果可为南疆棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据和科学指导。

塔里木盆地顺北油气田少井高产地质工程一体化做法与关键技术

塔里木盆地顺北油气田埋藏深度为7300~9000m,脆性地层破碎形成的缝洞型储层沿高陡走滑断裂带发育,断裂破碎带内部非均质性极强,且流体性质差异大。面对这类超深复杂的断控缝洞型油气藏,高效成井面临世界级挑战,单井费用高,效益开发难度大,没有现成的经验、技术可借鉴。顺北油气田以项目管理为抓手,建立了独有的“五有五提升”地质工程一体化管理模式,创新形成了“少井高产”七要素关键技术。近几年,少井高产地质工程一体化实现了质的飞跃,落实了4号、8号断裂带2个亿吨级资源阵地,新增石油探明储量为1.53×10^(8)t、天然气探明储量为1620×10^(8)m^(3),4号断裂带共部署井位20口,两年建成了130×10^(4)t油当量产能阵地。与2016年开发动用的1号断裂带相比,高产井成功率提升了35%、单井产能提升了316%、单井发现探明储量提升了55%,实现了高效勘探,效益开发,其经验对其他同类型油藏开发具有较好的借鉴意义。

低效井合理捞油周期确定方法研究

低产低效井常规有杆采油方式成本较高,使用提捞采油方式对低产井进行开采具有一定的经济效益。文中基于油井流入动态,结合井筒压力计算方程,建立一套捞油周期数学模型。在研究井筒流入累积液量、生产压差、动液面恢复与生产时间关系的基础上,根据不同动液面上升速率对提捞井进行分类,制定合理提捞周期。并在14口捞油井上进行了生产试验,平均单次作业捞油量增加2.4 t,显著提高了捞油井的生产效率和经济效益。

微喷限水灌溉对冬小麦产量及水氮利用效率的影响

为探究微喷限水灌溉对冬小麦产量及水氮利用效率的影响,在山西南部麦区设置正常微喷(S_(0))、限水微喷(S_(1))、过量微喷(S_(2))、漫灌(F_(0))4个灌溉处理,比较分析不同灌溉水平下麦田土壤贮水耗水特性、籽粒产量构成因素、植株氮素分配及水氮利用的差异化表现规律。结果表明,过量灌溉(S_(2)、F_(0))处理0~200 cm土层贮水量显著高于S_(0)、S_(1)处理,而S_(0)和S_(1)处理间无显著差异;不同处理各土层贮水量均随灌水量增加而增加,0~100 cm土层贮水量低于100~200 cm。4种灌溉方式下麦田0~200 cm土壤水耗水量在生育期总耗水量的占比区间为8.95%~48.48%,该比例随灌水量增加而减小;0~200 cm土壤水耗水最高处理为S_(1),而灌溉水耗水最高处理为F_(0);F_(0)、S_(2)处理的100~200 cm土层耗水量显著低于S_(0)和S_(1)。在产量构成因素中,F_(0)、S_(2)处理的穗数显著低于S_(0)和S_(1),而千粒重高于S_(0)和S_(1);各处理冬小麦籽粒产量S_(0)>S_(1)>S_(2)>F_(0),S_(0)和S_(1)处理间产量差异较小,均显著高于F_(0)和S_(2)。各处理水分利用效率随灌水量增多而降低,限水微喷S_(1)处理水分利用效率较其余灌溉处理高1.39~7.36 kg hm–2 mm–1。与正常微喷S_(0)相比,S_(1)处理的氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数分别高1.64%和1.91%,氮肥偏生产力略低(P>0.05),但两处理氮肥偏生产力均显著高于F_(0)和S_(2)。S_(1)处理的土壤氮素表观盈余量较其余灌溉处理低2.46%~21.01%,而籽粒氮素积累量较其余处理高3.64%~31.39%。综上所述,限水微喷灌溉能促进冬小麦对深层土壤水分的吸收和籽粒氮素积累,优化灌溉制度,提高水氮利用效率,稳产增效,同时可减少麦田土壤氮素盈余,降低无机氮向下淋溶风险,推进节水农业可持续健康发展。

海外油气效益产量“二步决策法”研究及应用

海外油气项目具有投入大、风险大、回收期长等特点,开展效益产量决策方法研究对提升石油公司整体经营实力、提高抗风险能力举足轻重.本文旨在建立一套系统全面的效益产量经营决策方法,通过抓准项目效益影响因素,构建基于全局满意解集的效益产量“二步决策法”,实现一套“可全面可聚焦”的系统决策优选技术模型,最终以优选出的组合作为效益产量推荐方案,助推海外油气资产保值增值.本文创建的海外油气效益产量“二步决策法”,在国内某石油公司海外业务板块近4年的油气资产生产经营中取得了较好的应用效果,为该石油公司海外油气资产提效增效和高质量发展提供了可靠的技术支持.该方法也同样适用于国内上游油气开发板块效益产量优化决策,值得借鉴及推广.

大庆致密储层水平井密切割穿层提产增效压裂试验

大庆致密油储层为陆相沉积,主要发育有扶余和高台子油层。扶余油层存在单井产量低、采出程度低、产量递减快等问题,同时扶余油层水平井钻出层情况比较普遍;某区块完钻20口井,其中11口井平均砂岩钻遇率仅40.7%,常规压裂储量损失大。为此,开展大庆致密油储层水平井密集切割穿层压裂提产增效试验,提高储量动用程度,实现井筒的立体改造;开展钻遇储层段密集切割+钻出层段穿层压裂优化设计,优化储层段簇距9.0~10.5 m,穿层段簇距20~24 m,根据致密油穿层标准优化参数,优选伽马值低、储隔层应力差值低、隔层厚度小的位置进行穿层压裂布缝,同时应用压前测试压裂诊断和现场施工控制技术,保证穿层成功率,优选一体化滑溜水压裂液体系,保证基质到裂缝、裂缝到井筒油气流通全通道的畅通,大幅降低储层伤害和施工成本。