Using conventional and unconventional oil and gas resource evaluation methods with play as a unit, this study evaluates the oil and gas geology and resource potential of conventional oil and gas resources and seven ty...Using conventional and unconventional oil and gas resource evaluation methods with play as a unit, this study evaluates the oil and gas geology and resource potential of conventional oil and gas resources and seven types of unconventional resources in the global major oil and gas basins(excluding China). For the first time, resource evaluation data with independent intellectual property rights has been obtained. According to evaluation and calculation, the global recoverable conventional oil resources are 5 350.0×108 t, the recoverable condensate oil resources are 496.2×108 t, and the recoverable natural gas resources are 588.4×1012 m3. The remaining oil and gas 2 P recoverable reserves are 4 212.6×108 t, the reserve growth of oil and gas fields are 1 531.7×108 t. The undiscovered oil and gas recoverable resources are 3 065.5×108 t. The global unconventional oil recoverable resources are 4 209.4×108 t and the unconventional natural gas recoverable resources are 195.4×1012 m3. The evaluation results show that the global conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources are still abundant.展开更多
The real-time prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits using the Intelligent Drilling Advisory system （IDAs） may result in better performance in oil and gas drilling operations and reduce total drilling cost....The real-time prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits using the Intelligent Drilling Advisory system （IDAs） may result in better performance in oil and gas drilling operations and reduce total drilling cost. IDAs is a real time engineering software and being developed for the oil and gas industry to enhance the performance of complex drilling processes providing meaningful analysis of drilling operational data. The prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits is one of the most important engineering modules included into IDAs to analyze the drilling data in real time environment. The Bearing Wear Prediction module in IDAs uses a newly developed wear model considering drilling parameters such as weight on bit （WOB）, revolution per minute （RPM）, diameter of bit and hours drilled as a function of International Association of Drilling Contractors （IADC） bit bearing wear. The drilling engineers can evaluate bearing wear status including cumulative wear of roller cone bit in real time while drilling, using this intelligent system and make a decision on when to pull out the bit in time to avoid bearing failure. The wear prediction module as well as the intelligent system has been successfully tested and verified with field data from different wells drilled in Western Canada. The estimated cumulative wears from the analysis match close with the corresponding field values.展开更多
There are certification and airworthiness requirements relevant to the provision of clean breathing air in the crew and passenger compartments. There have been continuing reports and studies over the years regarding o...There are certification and airworthiness requirements relevant to the provision of clean breathing air in the crew and passenger compartments. There have been continuing reports and studies over the years regarding oil fumes in aircraft, including impaired crew performance. Oil fumes are viewed in varying ways ranging from rare seal bearing failures, to low level leakage in normal flight. A Masters of Science (MSc) research degree was undertaken to assess whether there is any gap between the certification requirements for the provision of clean air in crew and passenger compartments, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. A comprehensive literature search reviewed applicable certification standards, documented and theoretical understanding of oil leakage. Two types of interviews were conducted to address the research questions. Key aviation regulators were questioned about the process by which they certify and ensure compliance with the clean air requirements. Aerospace engineers and sealing professionals were interviewed about their understanding of how oil may leak past compressor oil bearing seals, and into the air supply under various flight conditions. The outcome of the research showed that there is a gap between the clean air certification requirements, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. Low level oil leakage into the aircraft cabin in normal flight operations is a function of the design of the engine lubricating system and bleed air systems, both utilising pressurised air. The use of the bleed air system to supply the regulatory required air quality standards is not being met or being enforced as required.展开更多
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05029-001,2016ZX05029-002,2011ZX05028)
文摘Using conventional and unconventional oil and gas resource evaluation methods with play as a unit, this study evaluates the oil and gas geology and resource potential of conventional oil and gas resources and seven types of unconventional resources in the global major oil and gas basins(excluding China). For the first time, resource evaluation data with independent intellectual property rights has been obtained. According to evaluation and calculation, the global recoverable conventional oil resources are 5 350.0×108 t, the recoverable condensate oil resources are 496.2×108 t, and the recoverable natural gas resources are 588.4×1012 m3. The remaining oil and gas 2 P recoverable reserves are 4 212.6×108 t, the reserve growth of oil and gas fields are 1 531.7×108 t. The undiscovered oil and gas recoverable resources are 3 065.5×108 t. The global unconventional oil recoverable resources are 4 209.4×108 t and the unconventional natural gas recoverable resources are 195.4×1012 m3. The evaluation results show that the global conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources are still abundant.
文摘The real-time prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits using the Intelligent Drilling Advisory system （IDAs） may result in better performance in oil and gas drilling operations and reduce total drilling cost. IDAs is a real time engineering software and being developed for the oil and gas industry to enhance the performance of complex drilling processes providing meaningful analysis of drilling operational data. The prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits is one of the most important engineering modules included into IDAs to analyze the drilling data in real time environment. The Bearing Wear Prediction module in IDAs uses a newly developed wear model considering drilling parameters such as weight on bit （WOB）, revolution per minute （RPM）, diameter of bit and hours drilled as a function of International Association of Drilling Contractors （IADC） bit bearing wear. The drilling engineers can evaluate bearing wear status including cumulative wear of roller cone bit in real time while drilling, using this intelligent system and make a decision on when to pull out the bit in time to avoid bearing failure. The wear prediction module as well as the intelligent system has been successfully tested and verified with field data from different wells drilled in Western Canada. The estimated cumulative wears from the analysis match close with the corresponding field values.
文摘There are certification and airworthiness requirements relevant to the provision of clean breathing air in the crew and passenger compartments. There have been continuing reports and studies over the years regarding oil fumes in aircraft, including impaired crew performance. Oil fumes are viewed in varying ways ranging from rare seal bearing failures, to low level leakage in normal flight. A Masters of Science (MSc) research degree was undertaken to assess whether there is any gap between the certification requirements for the provision of clean air in crew and passenger compartments, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. A comprehensive literature search reviewed applicable certification standards, documented and theoretical understanding of oil leakage. Two types of interviews were conducted to address the research questions. Key aviation regulators were questioned about the process by which they certify and ensure compliance with the clean air requirements. Aerospace engineers and sealing professionals were interviewed about their understanding of how oil may leak past compressor oil bearing seals, and into the air supply under various flight conditions. The outcome of the research showed that there is a gap between the clean air certification requirements, and the theoretical and practical implementation of the requirements using the bleed air system. Low level oil leakage into the aircraft cabin in normal flight operations is a function of the design of the engine lubricating system and bleed air systems, both utilising pressurised air. The use of the bleed air system to supply the regulatory required air quality standards is not being met or being enforced as required.
