In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mu...In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mud formulation,containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase,respectively,was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers,respectively,while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles(NPs)were used as weighting agent.The results showed that H_(2)S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H_(2)S/barrel mud,which increased to 417.9 g H_(2)S/barrel mud at the saturation time,demonstrating the effective H_(2)S scavenging performance of the formulated mud.The spent palm oil-based mud(SPOBM)also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models.The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated,and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/mol.The findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H_(2)S scavenging performance.展开更多
Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and th...Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and their properties were evaluated.The results showed that the amine emulsions inversed from water-in-oil state to oil-in-water state readily and their rheological behavior underwent transitions of decreasing,rising again and decreasing again via induction by CO_(2).These CO_(2) responsive behaviors could be reversed by CaO.Oil-based drilling fluids prepared based on the amine emulsions with oil-water volume ratios of 50:50 to 70:30,densities of 1.4-2.0 g/cm^(3) had good rheological and filtration properties at 160℃;and be readily cleaned up using CO_(2) bubbling.The useless solid phase with low density could be removed efficiently via reducing the viscosity of emulsion by CO_(2) and the residual liquid phase could be restored to the original state by CaO and reused to prepare drilling fluid.The mechanisms analysis indicated that CO_(2)/CaO induced the reversible conversion between amine emulsifiers and their salts,which enabled the reversible regulation of both the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of amine emulsifiers and the emulsion particles’size and finally caused the controllable-reversion of the form and rheology of amine emulsion.展开更多
基金supported by the Deanship of Research Oversight and Coordination(DROC)at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM)in terms of Research Grant#DF191027.
文摘In this study,a spent palm cooking oil-based mud with an excellent H_(2)S scavenging capability induced by the inclusion of a small quantity of potassium permanganate is formulated and tested for the first time.The mud formulation,containing the spent palm oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase,respectively,was stabilized by Span 80 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant as primary and secondary emulsifiers,respectively,while hydrophobic zinc nanoparticles(NPs)were used as weighting agent.The results showed that H_(2)S scavenging capacity at the breakthrough time reached 182.4 g H_(2)S/barrel mud,which increased to 417.9 g H_(2)S/barrel mud at the saturation time,demonstrating the effective H_(2)S scavenging performance of the formulated mud.The spent palm oil-based mud(SPOBM)also showed a good flow behavior that could be well fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models.The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the SPOBM has been investigated,and the fitting of the viscosity-temperature data provided an estimate of the activation energy as 23.53 kJ/mol.The findings reported in this article reveal the feasibility of transforming the spent/waste cooking oils into a valuable commodity for formulating greener drilling fluids with acceptable rheology and excellent H_(2)S scavenging performance.
基金Suppported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.51804263)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(NO.2020CX040102,NO.2020CX040201)。
文摘Green and low cost CO_(2) and CaO were used to stimulate amine emulsions to reveal the responsive behavior of amine emulsions.On this basis,oil-based drilling fluids responsive to CO_(2) and CaO were formulated and their properties were evaluated.The results showed that the amine emulsions inversed from water-in-oil state to oil-in-water state readily and their rheological behavior underwent transitions of decreasing,rising again and decreasing again via induction by CO_(2).These CO_(2) responsive behaviors could be reversed by CaO.Oil-based drilling fluids prepared based on the amine emulsions with oil-water volume ratios of 50:50 to 70:30,densities of 1.4-2.0 g/cm^(3) had good rheological and filtration properties at 160℃;and be readily cleaned up using CO_(2) bubbling.The useless solid phase with low density could be removed efficiently via reducing the viscosity of emulsion by CO_(2) and the residual liquid phase could be restored to the original state by CaO and reused to prepare drilling fluid.The mechanisms analysis indicated that CO_(2)/CaO induced the reversible conversion between amine emulsifiers and their salts,which enabled the reversible regulation of both the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of amine emulsifiers and the emulsion particles’size and finally caused the controllable-reversion of the form and rheology of amine emulsion.
