Characterization of zirconia-based slurries with different binders for titanium investment casting

The materials and physical properties of primary slurry are crucial to the surface quality of the finished castings,especially for high reactivity titanium alloys.The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different binders on the physical properties of primary slurry for titanium alloy investment casting.The zirconia-based slurries with different binders were evaluated by comparing the parameters:viscosity,bulk density,plate weight, suspensibility,gel velocity and strength.The results indicate that a higher viscosity of binder leads to a higher viscosity and suspensibility of slurry with the same powder/binder ratio.The retention rate and thickness of primary layer increase with an increase in the viscosity of the slurry,and a higher retention rate is associated with a thicker primary layer.The gel velocity of the slurry is correlated with the gel velocity of the binder.The green strength and the baked strength of the primary layer are determined by the properties of the binder after gel and by the production of the binder after fired,respectively.

Study on Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption by Metal Hydride Slurries Ⅰ. Absorption of Hydrogen by Hydrogen Storage Alloy MlNi_5 Suspended in Benzene

The absorption of hydrogen was studied in metal hydride slurry, which is formed by benzene and hydrogen storage alloy powder. The influence of temperature on the rate of absorption was discussed using three phase mass transfer model. It is also concluded that the suitable absorption temperature is 313 K.

Determination of the desiccation behavior of clay slurries

The main objective of this study was to determine the desiccation behavior of clay slurries. A clay slurry with high water adsorption capacity(W_L = 180%,W_P 60%,W_s = 20) was used to determine the soil water characteristic curve(SWCC), shrinkage curve, and hydraulic conductivity. The last parameter was determined similar to the Instantaneous Profile Method using evaporation tests. Results indicated that the clay slurry had an air entry value(AEV) of 1000 kPa and a residual suction of 5000 kPa that occurred at the plastic limit and the shrinkage limit, respectively. The discrepancy between theoretical and measured shrinkage limit was due to the gradual increase in clay particle contact. Unlike soils, the saturated hydraulic conductivity varied by two orders of magnitude(4×10 ~10 m/s at 20 kPa to 3 x 10 ~12 m/s at AEV). The unsaturated k further decreased to 10 ~14 m/s at 6 x 10~4 kPa beyond which vapor flow took place.

An Effective Mixing for Lithium Ion Battery Slurries

Coating slurries for making anodes and cathodes of lithium batteries contain a large percentage of solid particles of different chemicals, sizes and shapes in highly viscous media. A thorough mixing of these slurries poses a major challenge in the battery manufacturing process. Several types of mixing devices and mixing methods were examined. The conventional turbine stirrers or ball mill mixers could be adequately used for the preparation of anode slurries, but not suitable for cathode slurries. In this study, a newly three-dimensional mixer, in conjunction with a multi-stage mixing sequence was proposed. The mixing effectiveness was examined by means of rheological measurements and flow visualization techniques. Preliminary electrical performance results indicated that the battery obtained using the 3D mixing device with a multi-stage mixing sequence was more efficient to those obtained from conventional methods.

Effects of fractal surface on rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of modified brown coal water slurries

The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal structures and physicochemical properties of samples are dependent on various modification processes. The apparent viscosities of the coal water slurries increase with increasing surface fractal dimensions （D）, especially with decreasing shear rates. Fur- thermore, it has been proved that the ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies of modified CWSs are lower than that of raw coal water slurry. Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis of the effect of pore structures on CWSs properties, D can more efficiently indicate the quantificational effect of pore structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of CWSs.

Ultrasonic attenuation model for measuring particle size and inverse calculation of particle size distribution in mineral slurries

Based on various ultrasonic loss mechanisms, the formula of the cumulative mass percentage of minerals with different particle sizes was given, with which the particle size distribution was integrated into an ultrasonic attenuation model. And then the correlations between the ultrasonic attenuation and the pulp density, and the particle size were obtained. The derived model was combined with the experiment and the analysis of experimental data to determine the inverse model relating ultrasonic attenuation coefficient with size distribution. Finally, an optimization method of inverse parameter, genetic algorithm was applied for particle size distribution. The results of inverse calculation show that the precision of measurement was high.

Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

Blended coals for improved coal water slurries

Three coal samples of different ranks were used to study the effect of coal blending on the preparation of Coal Water Slurry (CWS). The results show that by taking advantage of two kinds of coal, the coal concentration in slurry made from hard-to-pulp coal can be effectively improved and increased by 3%–5% generally. DLT coal (DaLiuTa coal mine) is very poor in slurryability and the stability and rheology of the resulting slurry are not very good. When the amount of easily slurried coal is more than 30%, all properties of the CWS improve and the CWS meets the requirements for use as fuel. Coalification, porosity, surface oxygenic functional groups, zeta potential and grindability have a great effect on the performance of blended coal CWS. This leads to some differences in performance between the slurry made from a single coal and slurry made from blended coal.

Improvements of marine clay slurries using chemicale-physical combined method(CPCM)

In this paper, the effectiveness, applicability and validity of chemicalephysical combined methods（CPCMs） for treatment of marine clay （MC） slurries were evaluated. The method CPCM1 combineschemical stabilization and vacuum preloading （VP）, while CPCM2 is similar to CPCM1 but includes boththe application of surcharge and use of geo-bags to provide confinement during surcharge preloading.The key advantage of CPCM2 using geo-bags is that the surcharge can be immediately applied on thechemically stabilized slurries. Two types of geo-bags were investigated under simulated land filling anddyke conditions, respectively. The test results show that the shear strength （cu） of treated slurry byCPCM2 is generally much higher than that by CPCM1. Besides, the use of CPCM2 can significantly reducethe treatment time due to the short drainage paths created by geo-bags. Overall, CPCM2 allows fasterconsolidation and higher preloading that help to achieve higher mechanical properties of the stabilizedslurry. There are consistent relationships between cU and water content of slurries treated by CPCM2.Several important observations were also made based on comparisons of experimental data. 2015 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of consolidation behaviour of clay slurries

The main objective of this study was to determine the consolidation behaviour of clay slurries.A finegrained clay with high consistency limits(W_L = 180%,w_P= 120%) was investigated using conventional oedometer and bench-top centrifuge tests.Results indicated that the slurry had an apparent preconsolidation(due to initial conditions,electrochemical interactions,tortuous drainage,and thixotropic strength) from e = 5.7 to e = 5.5 followed by virgin compression.Likewise,the low hydraulic conductivity(10^(-10)-10^(-12) m/s) was due to low porosity(small pore throats) and high tortuosity(long flow paths).Unlike consolidation of soils,the c_v and m_v decreased with increasing σ' but increased with increasing e and k.The data from the two tests correlated well in the range of σ' = 10-65 kPa,e = 5.5-3.86,k= 1.7 × 10^(-10)-5×10^(-11) m/s,F_c = 1-40 MN.New equations were developed to correlate the consolidation parameters(e,σ',k) with F_c.The deviation of k beyond 40 MN(e = 4.65) was due to deviation from the initial straight line portion of the settlement curve in the centrifuge test.

Study on the rheology of coal-oil slurries during heating at high pressure

Using the self-developed viscosity measuring device, the viscosity variations of coal-oil slurries with temperature increasing during coal-oil co-processing were studied. The results show that the viscosity of coal-oil slurries prepared by different kinds of oil varies differently during heating. The viscosity of the coal-oil slurry prepared by the catalytic cracking slurry （FCC） generally decreases during heating. However, the viscosity of the coal-oil slurry prepared by the high-temperature coal tar （CT） will peak at 338 ℃ during heating. The differences in viscosity variations of coal-oil slurries are analyzed. In addition to the temperature, the properties of the solvents and coal are the main influencing factors. Because the used coal contains a large number of polar functional groups, the swelling behavior of the coal in polar solvent （CT） is stronger than that in non-polar solvent （FCC）. The swelling effect of the coal can result in the appearance of the viscosity peak. Therefore, before 100 ~C, the solvent molecules entering into the coal pores is the main influencing factor of coal-oil slurries viscosity variations. After 100 ℃, the increasing of particle size of coal particles is the main influencing factor of coal-oil slurries viscosity variations.

A comparative investigation of the properties of coal-water slurries prepared from Australia and Shenhua coals

Two coal samples of similar rank were chosen from Australia and China to investigate the differences in Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） made from them. The effect of ash content and particle size gradation on these properties was also studied. Different grinding times were used when grinding the two coals and particle size analysis of these ground coals was used to select samples with a ＂double-peak＂ particle size distri- bution. All the ＂double-peak＂ samples were used to prepare a CWS. The concentration, viscosity, fluidity, and stability of each CWS were measured. The results show that the properties ofa CWS prepared from a coal sample with a ＂double-peak＂ size distribution are better than those CWS prepared from samples with a mono-modal particle distribution. The ash content of Australian coal is 21.72g higher than the ash content of Shenhua coal. The highest coal concentration in slurry from the Australia coal is 11.01% higher than in CWS from the Shenhua coat. The fluidity and stability of the CWS prepared from the Australian coal are both better than the fluidity and stability of slurry prepared from Shenhua coal. High ash content in the Australian coal imnroves the nulning results of a CWS made from it.

A framework for coupled consolidation-desiccation behaviour of clay slurries

A framework is proposed to understand coupled consolidation-desiccation in clay slurries using effective stress and soil suction as state variables. Constitutive surfaces were derived from best-fit equations for reference curves where one state variable was kept at 1 kPa and the other was varied up to 10~6 kPa.Results indicated that volume compressibility comprises of apparent pre-consolidation up to 100 kPa beyond which a single best-fit curve is valid. Similarly, the theoretical virgin compression line(specific gravity dependant), indicated that both state variables have the same effect up to the air entry value(1000 kPa at a void ratio of 1.8) beyond which void ratio reduces more readily under effective stress than under soil suction. Likewise, hydraulic conductivity remained saturated up to the air entry value and varied from 10^(-9)m/s to 10^(-12)m/s. Finally, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity correlated well with empirical relationship up to 10^(-14) m/s bevond which vapor flow became dominant.

Effects of Several Factors on Viscosity of Alumina-spinel Slurries

The effects of several commercial dispersants,including AN 2000,ammonium polyacrylate,sodium tripolyphosphate,sodium hexametaphosphate, and of solids loading and of electro fused magnesia on rheological properties of aqueous alumina spinel slurries were studied. The results reveal that AN 2000 is the most effective one among the selected dispersants for alumina spinel slurries. With 0.5% weight of AN 2000, the 57vol% solids loading alumina spinel slurry with viscosity of 0.37 Pa·s was obtained at shear rate of 50s 1 .

Preparation of Fine Cement Slurries by Wet-Ground Using a Pneumatic Colloid Mill

This study aims to investigate the preparation of fine cement slurries by wet-ground using a pneumatic colloid mill. A pneumatic colloid mill was designed and produced. Furthermore,ordinary Portland cement slurries were ground using the pneumatic colloid mill. Moreover,the fineness of ground cement slurries was studied. The particle sizes of ground cement slurries with various cumulated percent were all better than those of cement slurries before grinding. When water was used as the dispersant,the best average diameter of cement slurries was obtained by grinding for 10,and 15 min for cement slurries with water / cement ratio of 1∶ 1,and0. 9∶ 1,respectively. When ethanol was used as the dispersant,the particle sizes of all cumulated percent decreased gradually with the increasing grinding time,and the particle sizes of cumulated percent of D97 decreased rapidly with the increasing grinding time. The grinding effect of big particle sizes of cement slurries is better than that of small particle sizes.

Serpentinite Slurries against Forest Fires

Forest fires are one of the commonest natural hazards. Forest fires make the largest contribution to CO2 emissions after the burning of fossil fuels. Here a new technology is proposed to extinguish forest fires not with water, but with a slurry of serpentine. Serpentinites are abundantly available in many countries on every continent. If serpentine is calcined, it weathers very fast and captures CO2. Calcination, however, requires a lot of heat, which makes it counterproductive to produce calcined serpentine for CO2 capture. In cases, however, where heat is the problem, like in forest fires, one can extinguish them to greater advantage by using serpentinite slurries instead of plain water. The calcined residue that is left as a thin cake on the burning material prevents oxygen to reach the burning material. It also prevents the escape of inflammable gases, and the calcination itself withdraws large quantities of heat from the fire. After the fire is extinguished, the calcined material in contact with the atmosphere will rapidly weather and capture CO2. This compensates part of the CO2 that is produced by the fire. In tests, where the efficacy of quenching fires with serpentine slurries was compared to the effect of water, it turned out that serpentinite slurries performed far better.

Joining of ZrO_2/CePO_4 Green Bodies Using Slurries

Ce-ZrO2 and ZrO2/CePO4 ceramic system was joined in the green body by using mixed powder. Three kinds of systems are discussed. The microstructure and bending strengths of the joint were investigated and it is found that the Ce-ZrO2 and 30%CePO4/ZrO2 ceramics can be well joined in the green body. A joint with high mechanical property and good microstructure can be obtained after sintering without applied pressure. Complexly shaped ceramic components can be created by the technique of green state joining. A new way to produce them is provided and the cost is reduced due to the simplicity of the process.

水平联合竖直排水板真空预压处理工程废浆试验研究

传统真空预压法(VP)在加固工程废浆时存在预制竖向排水板(PVD)易淤堵、周围土体形成土柱以及真空度随深度衰减等问题,考虑到预制水平排水板(PHD)在真空预压法处理软土地基中的特点,提出一种水平联合竖直排水板真空预压(PHD-PVD-VP)处理工程废浆的方法。通过4组大型室内模型试验,对工程废浆加固过程中的排水、沉降以及孔隙水压力进行监测,并借助扫描电镜得到的排水板滤膜微观图片,分析不同初始PHD真空压力下PHD-PVD-VP对工程废浆的加固效果。试验结果表明,PHD-PVD-VP处理工程废浆时减少了土颗粒径向移动速率,延缓“土柱”的形成及缓解土颗粒嵌入排水板滤膜的淤堵效应,提升了土体整体固结效果;40 kPa的初始PHD真空压力使PHD-PVD-VP对工程废浆的排水固结效果最佳,处理后土体的平均含水率和十字板剪切强度分别为40.9%和25.5 kPa,有效地缓解了PHD和PVD的淤堵并改善了土体固结的均匀性。通过微观结构分析发现,PHD初始真空压力的大小同时影响着PHD与PVD滤膜的淤堵情况,从而影响其排水性能,40 kPa的初始PHD真空压力使得两种排水板的排水性能都得到充分发挥。

深部巷道围岩裂隙注浆加固浆液扩散规律研究

目的为了解决深部巷道围岩裂隙注浆加固难题,方法采用现场矿压观测、数值模拟等方法,结果研究得到深部巷道围岩破坏特征:深部巷道呈现“顶、帮、底”全断面大变形现象,围岩破坏深度显著增加;深部巷道围岩由浅至深形成裂隙发育区、裂隙扩展区和原生裂隙区,其中裂隙扩展区裂隙较小,注入难度较大。采用数值模拟方法,分析裂隙特征、注浆压力、浆液水灰比等因素对浆液扩散特征的影响规律,结果表明:裂隙开度对浆液扩散半径影响显著,而裂隙粗糙度的影响较小;对于裂隙开度较大的裂隙发育区,采用常规注浆压力;对于裂隙扩展区,裂隙开度较小(小于0.10 mm),应采用高于10 MPa的注浆压力;浆液扩散半径与注浆压力、水灰比呈正比,但对于深部微围岩裂隙而言,注浆压力存在临界点,不应盲目增大注浆压力,选取水灰比时,应综合考虑浆液扩散半径和浆液析水效应。结论对于注浆工程而言,选取浆液配比及注浆压力时,应考虑巷道开挖后围岩裂隙开度的发育状态。

沼液施用对石灰性土壤紫花苜蓿品质影响评价

为探究沼液施用比例对石灰性土壤紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品质的影响,以紫花苜蓿5010为供试材料,共设置不施肥(处理1)、常规施氮量(处理2)、氮质量分数为20%常规施氮量的沼液+80%常规施氮量(处理3)、氮质量分数为50%常规施氮量的沼液+50%常规施氮量(处理4)、氮质量分数为常规施氮量的沼液(处理5)、氮质量分数为常规施氮量2倍的沼液(处理6)等6个处理,对不同施肥处理紫花苜蓿品质指标开展分析。结果表明:相较于单施化肥,第1茬酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和钙(Ca),第2茬粗蛋白(CP)、Ca和糖(Sugar),第3茬CP和第5茬CP、CF质量分数在各沼液处理时均有所增加。第1茬钾(K)、CF、ADF和Ca,第2茬CP、ADF、灰分(Ash)、Ca和钾(K),第3茬CP、CF和NDF,第4茬CP、K和第5茬CP、CF、ADF质量分数在100%沼液替代时较50%沼液替代有所下降。各品质指标间多表现为极显著正相关与极显著负相关(P<0.01)。紫花苜蓿品质相关指标第一主成分为ADF、Ca、K和Sugar。基于化肥氮50%用量的沼液和50%氮肥配合施用为影响苜蓿品质的优选施肥方式。