A hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network for CO_(2) storage in depleted shale reservoirs

To reduce CO_(2) emissions in response to global climate change,shale reservoirs could be ideal candidates for long-term carbon geo-sequestration involving multi-scale transport processes.However,most current CO_(2) sequestration models do not adequately consider multiple transport mechanisms.Moreover,the evaluation of CO_(2) storage processes usually involves laborious and time-consuming numerical simulations unsuitable for practical prediction and decision-making.In this paper,an integrated model involving gas diffusion,adsorption,dissolution,slip flow,and Darcy flow is proposed to accurately characterize CO_(2) storage in depleted shale reservoirs,supporting the establishment of a training database.On this basis,a hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network(HPDNN)is developed as a deep learning surrogate for prediction and inversion.By incorporating multiple sources of scientific knowledge,the HPDNN can be configured with limited simulation resources,significantly accelerating the forward and inversion processes.Furthermore,the HPDNN can more intelligently predict injection performance,precisely perform reservoir parameter inversion,and reasonably evaluate the CO_(2) storage capacity under complicated scenarios.The validation and test results demonstrate that the HPDNN can ensure high accuracy and strong robustness across an extensive applicability range when dealing with field data with multiple noise sources.This study has tremendous potential to replace traditional modeling tools for predicting and making decisions about CO_(2) storage projects in depleted shale reservoirs.

Experimental Study and Simulation Principles of An Oil-Gas Multiphase Transportation System

Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.

Shaped Refractory Products-Packing, Marking,Transportation and Storage

1 Scope This standard specifies the technical requirement of the packing, marking, transportation and storage of shaped refractory products.

The Research about Storage and Transportation of Natural Gas Based on LNG Technology

Nowadays, we are in great lack of the technology theory for the storage and transportation of gas hydrate. Under this condition, after checking out related theory of these, we established the technology roadmap of the storage and transportation of gas hydrate by LNG technology. Study has shown that the technology of LNG is more saving than that of pipeline. Then we came out with the new idea of storage and transportation of hydrate by LNG technology.

Reform Exploration for Safety Course System of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Facilities

In recent years,the safety of oil and gas storage and transportation facilities has been paid more attention by the state and enterprises due to frequent accidents.The oil and gas storage and transportation facilities safety courses in China University of Petroleum(Beijing)includes“Engineering mechanics”,“Strength design of pipelines and tanks”and“Safety and integrity management of oil and gas storage and transportation facilities”.The three courses lack relevance and the teaching mode is too rigid,resulting in students losing their initiative in learning.If students can’t use the knowledge flexibly,it will affect the achievement of the objectives of the training program.Therefore,oil and gas storage and transportation facilities safety courses are reformed,training plans are adjusted and teaching methods are improved.The practice shows that the reform enriches the teaching content,improves the teaching quality,stimulates classroom activity and gets a good evaluation of students.The reform of safety courses has a certain significance for cultivating compound talents who have the ability to solve practical problems in engineering.

Effects of Transport,Storage Temperature and Time on Parthenogenetically Developmental Competence of Sheep Oocyte

This study was to investigate the effects of transport, storage temperature and time on parthenogenetical developmental competence of sheep oocyte. The ovaries were collected and randomly immersed in physiological saline at （ 10 - 15 ） ℃, （20 - 25 ） ℃ and （30 - 35 ） ℃ and transported to the laboratory for culture. They were divided into three groups randomly in an optimized transport temperature, kept in physiological saline at4 ℃, （14 -18） ℃ and （25 -30） ℃ respectively; 15 - 17 h later, the ovaries were cutured for the maturation and parthenogenetic activation of oocytes. The results showed that the optimal transport temperature of ovaries was 20 -25 ℃, when the maturation rate and blastocysts rate reached 67.44% and 35.93% respectively. Incubating sheep ovaries at （ 14 - 18 ） ℃ for （15 -17） h did not reduce the maturation rate （61.81%） and blastocysts rate （29.03%） of oocyte significantly. However, incubating sheep ovaries at 4 ℃ or （25 -30） ℃ significantly reduced the maturation rate （41.90%, 18.40% ） and cleavage rate （9.09%, 13.04% ）, and the ovaries could not develop into blastocysts at these two temperature ranges. It can be concluded that the optimal transport temperature of the sheep ovaries is 20 - 25 ℃, and incubation at 14 - 18 ℃ overnight in vivo does not affect the developmental competence of oocytes.

USB Mass Storage类设备的设计与实现

针对嵌入式系统与PC主机大量数据传输的需要,使用SD卡做为存储介质设计实现USB Mass Storage类设备。主机和存储设备之间的通讯严格按照USB2.0协议和USB Mass Storage类存储协议,该类存储设备构架于USB2.0协议之上,将存储命令嵌于USB协议之中。采用MAX3421作为USB外设控制器,MCF52233作为主控制器,通过SPI接口实现两者的通讯试验结果表明,当MCF52233主频为60MHZ时,存储速度可以达到1.87 Mbyte/s,满足了设备与主机数据交换速度的要求。

Effect of structural characteristics on the transport characteristics of solid particles in the thermal storage and release system of circulating fluidized bed

Coal-fired power generation stands as the most economically viable modulating power source in present-day China.It holds the potential to offer prospective solutions to the challenges posed by the rapid expansion of intermittent,unpredictable,and unstable renewable energy sources.Solid particle thermal storage technology emerges as an effective means to enhance the flexibility of coal-fired circulating fluidized bed power units.To attain an optimized structure for the solid particle thermal storage and release system in circulating fluidized bed units,experimental research was conducted on a 0.1 MWth circulating fluidized bed test platform.This study delved into the impact of ash storage bin geometries and the shapes of their feed-discharge valves on the control properties of solid particle transportation.The experimental outcomes reveal that employing inverted m-shaped valve and dual U-shaped valves for feed control,alongside U-shaped valves and N-shaped valves for discharge control,both enable efficient and rapid storage and release of solid particles within the circulating fluidized bed.Under similar air distribution conditions,the inverted m-shaped valve exhibits lower conveying energy consumption than the dual U-shaped valves,while the N-shaped valve excels in control characteristics over the U-shaped valve.Furthermore,the inverted m-shaped valve and the N-shaped valve demonstrate optimal overflow port heights,and the ash storage bin exhibits an optimum height-to-diameter ratio.

Effect of Air Distribution on the Transport Characteristics of Solid Particles in the Thermal Storage and Release System of Circulating Fluidized Bed

Solid particle heat storage technology offers a potential solution to the challenges posed by the significant growth of renewable energy sources,particularly in terms of grid security and stability.Consequently,it has the capability to optimize the energy utilization efficiency of the power system.In order to investigate the transport regulation characteristics of solid particles in the thermal storage and release system of a circulating fluidized bed(CFB),a test rig with a capacity of 0.1 MW(th)was established.This rig was utilized to systematically study the transport regulation characteristics of solid particles under the double U-type valve feed structure and U-type valve discharge structure.The experimental findings indicate that the system's design enables efficient and rapid storage and release of solid particles in the CFB.The air distribution mode,specifically the double U-type valve feed structure and the U-type valve discharge structure,significantly influence the feed and discharge characteristics of the ash storage bin.It was observed that the impact of loose air on these characteristics is more substantial than that of the return air,irrespective of the feed structure or the return structure.When adjusting the feed and discharge rate,it is recommended to adopt a scheme that involves coarse adjustment through loose air and fine adjustment through return air.

Progress and prospects of carbon dioxide capture,EOR-utilization and storage industrialization

Carbon dioxide capture,EOR-utilization and storage(CCUS-EOR)are the most practical and feasible large-scale carbon reduction technologies,and also the key technologies to greatly improve the recovery of low-permeability oil fields.This paper sorts out the main course of CCUS-EOR technological development abroad and its industrialization progress.The progress of CCUS-EOR technological research and field tests in China are summarized,the development status,problems and challenges of the entire industry chain of CO_(2) capture,transportation,oil displacement,and storage are analyzed.The results show a huge potential of the large-scale application of CCUS-EOR in China in terms of carbon emission reduction and oil production increase.At present,CCUS-EOR in China is in a critical stage of development,from field pilot tests to industrialization.Aiming at the feature of continental sedimentary oil and gas reservoirs in China,and giving full play to the advantages of the abundant reserves for CO_(2) flooding,huge underground storage space,surface infrastructure,and wide distribution of wellbore injection channels,by cooperating with carbon emission enterprises,critical technological research and demonstration project construction should be accelerated,including the capture of low-concentration CO_(2) at low-cost and on large-scale,supercritical CO_(2) long-distance transportation,greatly enhancing oil recovery and storage rate,and CO_(2) large-scale and safe storage.CCUS-EOR theoretical and technical standard system should be constructed for the whole industrial chain to support and promote the industrial scale application,leading the rapid and profitable development of CCUS-EOR emerging industrial chain with innovation.

The European Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure(ECCSEL)

The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g.economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to play in this respect, provided that Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) is progressively implemented. CCS is the only way to reduce emissions from energy intensive industries.Thus, the need for upgraded and new CCS research facilities is widely recognised among stakeholders across Europe, as emphasised by the Zero Emissions Platform(ZEP) [1] and the European Energy Research Alliance on CCS(EERA-CCS) [2].The European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, ECCSEL, provides funders, operators and researchers with significant benefits by offering access to world-class research facilities that, in many cases, are unlikely for a single nation to support in isolation.This implies creation of synergy and the avoidance of duplication as well as streamlining of funding for research facilities.ECCSEL offers open access to its advanced laboratories for talented scientists and visiting researchers to conduct cutting-edge research.In the planning of ECCSEL, gap analyses were performed and CCS technologies have been reviewed to underpin and envisage the future experimental setup; 1) Making use of readily available facilities, 2) Modifying existing facilities, and 3) Planning and building entirely new advanced facilities.The investments required for the first ten years(2015-2025) are expected to be in the range of €80-120 miilion. These investments show the current level of ambition, as proposed during the preparatory phase(2011-2014).Entering the implementation phase in 2015, 9 European countries signed Letter of Intent(LoI) to join a ECCSEL legal entity: France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland(active observer). As the EU ERIC-regulation [3] would offer the most suitable legal framework for ECCSEL, the host country, Norway, will apply for establishing ERIC as the ECCSEL Research Infrastructure(RI)legal entity in 2017. Until the ECCSEL ERIC is approved by the European Commission(probably by summer 2017), an interim MoU agreement for the implementation phase of ECCSEL RI has been signed by 13 research institutions and universities representing the 9 countries. A consortium of these partners were granted 3 million EURO from Horizon 2020 to boost implementation of ECCSEL from September 2015 and two years onwards.?2016, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

ENERGY STORAGE IN METAL DEVICES AND THE ADVANTAGES OF LIQUID HYDROGENTEMPERATURES

Peculiarities of low temperature charge transport and enerpy accumulation in alu-minum devices are investigated by means of study of cylindrical conductors having a rudial cuerent fiow between inner and outer concentric contracts. Azimuthal current and, connected with it, self magnetic field are investigated in a wide range of radial current density up to 6000 A/cm2 under an external magnetic field up to 8 T Electron scattering processes are investigated and it is shown that relaxation electron mechanisms are determined by strong temperature dependence on account of high sus-ceptibility of scattering to anisotropy of electron dispersion law. The role of thermal phonons is investigated through an effective averaged conductivity tensor of polycrystalline medium. Using data of self magnetic self distribution on sample surface an energy density of self magnetic field is estimated. It is shown that at T=4.2 K average energy of self field may achieve at least 1 J/cm3. Using data of relaxation processes at temperature of liquid hydrogen it is established that self magnetic field must be a third of helium magnitude with respective self magnetic enengy density, spiral motion of carriers in this geometry being regarded as a current coils in usual inductive element.

Usefulness of Agarose Mold as a Storage Container for Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

The efficiency of substance exchange may be decreased when the thickness and volume of such a tissue-engineered cartilage that is composed of cultured cells and porous scaffold increase. Moreover, during the transport of this construct with complicated shapes, excessive and focal mechanical loading may cause deformation. The establishment of incubation and transport methods is necessary for the three-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage. Therefore, we investigated the preparation of an agarose mold with a concavity similar to the shape of 3-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage to prevent excessive and focal concentration of stress, while avoiding interference with substance exchange as much as possible. Firstly, we investigated the preparation at 1% - 4% agarose concentrations. Since the mechanical strength was insufficient at 1%, 2% was regarded as appropriate. Using 2% agarose, we prepared a mold with a 5 × 5 × 5 mm concavity to accommodate tissue-engineered cartilage (5 × 5 × 5 mm mixture of 1.5 × 107 cells and collagen gel), and stored the regenerative cartilage in it for 2 and 24 hours. On comparison with storage in a plastic mold with the same shape in which substance exchanged from side and bottom was impossible, although no significant differences were noted in the number or viability of cells after 2 hours, these were markedly reduced in the plastic mold after 24 hours. It was confirmed that favorable cell numbers and viability were maintained by immediately retaining the regenerative cartilage in the culture medium in the agarose mold and keeping the temperature at 37°C. Since this agarose mold also buffers against mechanical forces loaded on the three-dimensional regenerative tissue, it may be useful as a container for storage and transport of large-sized three-dimensional regenerative tissue.

耕作方式对冬小麦种子发芽特性及贮藏物质转运的影响

为了研究不同耕作方式对成熟种子的萌发和种子贮藏物质转运特性的影响,文章以百农矮抗58(AK58)和百农4199(BN4199)为试验材料,利用标准发芽试验法对旋耕(CK)、深松(S0)和深耕(S1)后收获的小麦籽粒进行种子发芽、幼苗生长和贮藏物质转运研究.研究结果表明,与CK相比,S0和S1促进了AK58种子活力指数、根数和根系活力的增加;对BN4199的根芽比、根冠比和根系活力有促进作用.AK58的含蛋白质量在旋耕条件下最大,含淀粉量在深松下最高;BN4199的千粒质量为深松高于旋耕,但含蛋白质和淀粉量差异不明显.耕作方式对种子千粒质量、蛋白质和淀粉含量影响较为显著.旋耕有利于种子贮藏物质转化效率的增加,深松有利于提高AK58种子的贮藏物质转运量和BN4199的贮藏物质转运率和呼吸消耗.品种基因型对种子的发芽率和发芽指数有决定作用,种子贮藏物质指标和呼吸消耗与根数和根系活力更为相关.

中国“新能源矿产目录”厘定研究

全球能源体系正在加速从传统能源向新能源转变,新能源产业发展需要的矿产资源已成为大国博弈的焦点。科学厘定我国“新能源矿产目录”,对于保障国家能源安全和经济安全意义重大。首先,界定了新能源、新能源“产-储-运-用”体系、新能源矿产的概念,据此进一步提出了涵盖重要性、关键性及新能源领域对矿产需求影响程度3个维度的中国“新能源矿产目录”评价体系和评价方法;然后,按照“产-储-运-用”的4大环节梳理出新能源领域主要使用的43种矿产作为备选矿产清单,并通过系统评价确定了涵盖锂、铜、钒、硅(高纯石英)、钕、镝、镨、铽、铀、铂等19种矿产的中国“新能源矿产目录”;最后,分析了我国新能源矿产的供应保障情况,指出我国8种新能源矿产高度紧缺、依赖进口,另外11种矿产目前能够保障需求,未来极有可能面临供不应求、依赖进口的局面,亟需提前布局,加大勘查开发和投资力度,确保国家新能源矿产资源稳定供应。

“双碳”目标下氢能产业技术发展分析

氢能作为清洁、高效的能源,对于实现全球能源转型和碳中和目标至关重要.随着全球能源需求增长和气候变暖挑战,世界各国都在积极推动能源绿色转型.氢能不仅可替代部分化石燃料,还是可再生能源的有效补充.近年来,全球能源领域正在经历绿色转型,氢能产业得到长足发展,其在交通、储能、工业等方面应用范围得到显著增长.从分析氢能产业技术入手,总结国内外氢能产业发展现状,梳理目前氢能产业面临的问题,展望氢能产业未来发展方向,全面阐述氢能链发展进展.未来,氢能预计将成为全球能源转型和实现气候目标的关键力量,促进清洁能源应用,为经济带来新增长点,对缓解气候变暖和提升能源安全具有重要意义.

中国氦气全产业链发展现状与展望

中国氦气供应短缺、产业发展基础薄弱,过去长期处于“有业无链”状态。近年来,国内自给率虽大幅提高、并于2023年首次实现对外依存度低于90%,但因自产气量基数较小,尚未形成完善可靠的氦气“产供储销贸研”全产业链。结合全球氦气产业链发情况,基于中国氦气产业链资源、生产、供应、储存、运输、销售、技术和装备等全链现状,分析认为:2025年起,全球氦气供需双涨,远期或将呈供应宽松态势;未来5年内,随着国内自产气量稳定增长和进口渠道的开拓,预计中国氦气将呈自产和进口“两旺”局面,保供能力将大幅提升,同时国内超低温领域科技攻关厚积薄发,正在攻关的关键技术及装备逐步进入应用推广阶段,中国氦气产业链发展必将迎来长足进步,预计很快形成完善可靠的产业链。建议中国加大氦气资源勘查力度,深入夯实资源基础,持续加强科技创新,尽快形成关键装备的系列化、工业化产品,同时依托气田开发和液化天然气国际合作机制,积极构建稳定供应的多元化进口保障体系,从而实现中国氦气的安全可靠供应和产业健康发展。