Comprehensive evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state based on RF-combination weighting and an improved TOPSIS method

The accurate identification of the oil-paper insulation state of a transformer is crucial for most maintenance strategies.This paper presents a multi-feature comprehensive evaluation model based on combination weighting and an improved technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)method to perform an objective and scientific evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state.Firstly,multiple aging features are extracted from the recovery voltage polarization spectrum and the extended Debye equivalent circuit owing to the limitations of using a single feature for evaluation.A standard evaluation index system is then established by using the collected time-domain dielectric spectrum data.Secondly,this study implements the per-unit value concept to integrate the dimension of the index matrix and calculates the objective weight by using the random forest algorithm.Furthermore,it combines the weighting model to overcome the drawbacks of the single weighting method by using the indicators and considering the subjective experience of experts and the random forest algorithm.Lastly,the enhanced TOPSIS approach is used to determine the insulation quality of an oil-paper transformer.A verification example demonstrates that the evaluation model developed in this study can efficiently and accurately diagnose the insulation status of transformers.Essentially,this study presents a novel approach for the assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation.

Chaotic Characteristic of Time Series of Partial Discharge in Oil-Paper Insulation

The chaotic characteristics of time series of five partial discharge （PD） patterns in oil-paper insulation are studied. The results verify obvious chaotic characteristic of the time series of discharge signals and the fact that PD is a chaotic process. These time series have distinctive features, and the chaotic attractors obtained from time series differed greatly from each other by shapes in the phase space, so they could be used to qualitatively identify the PD patterns. The phase space parameters are selected, then the chaotic characteristic quantities can be extracted. These quantities could quantificationally characterize the PD patterns. The effects on pattern recognition of PRPD and CAPD are compared by using the neural network of radial basis function. The results show that both of the two recognition methods work well and have their respective advantages. Then, both the statistical operators under PRPD mode and the chaotic characteristic quantities under CAPD mode are selected comprehensively as the input vectors of neural network, and the PD pattern recognition accuracy is thereby greatly improved.

The Research of Connection between Degree of Polymerization and Frequency Domain Dielectric Spectroscopy Characteristics during Oil-Paper Insulation Aging

In order to study the linkage effects between degree of polymerization and frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy characteristics of oil-paper insulation, the frequency domain dielectric response test platform of oil-paper insulation is set up. Complex permittivity of oil-paper insulation respectively composed by new or aged oil and insulation paper with different DP are tested, and complex permittivity of oil-paper insulation respectively composed by insulation respectively composed by new oil and insulation paper with different DP and low or high moisture content are tested. The test results are analyzed, and the analysis results show that the degree of polymerization of insulation paper has an influence on complex permittivity of oil-paper insulation though influencing the distribution of moisture and acids between oil and paper.

A New Method for the Aging Evaluation of Oil-Paper Insulation Using η-Butanol and Methanol

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the aging life prediction and assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation,and to make up for the deficiencies of traditional characterizers,such as 2-furfural,carbon monoxide,and carbon dioxide,a method for the simultaneous determination of methanol,ethanol,n−propanol,and η-butanol in oil with a single injection is established by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The measured results show that the determination limits of the four alcohol characterizers can be controlled to 10μg/kg level.Based on this method,the change patterns of the above four alcohols with thermal aging time and degree of polymerization are obtained through thermal aging experimental research.Ethanol,η-propanol,and η-butanol in oil indicate nearly linear correlations with thermal aging time and degree of polymerization,similar to that of methanol.By analyzing 52 sets of measured data of 500 kV EHV transformers in operation,η-butanol is found to have excellent performance,and a new method to evaluate the aging state of oil-paper insulation employing η-butanol and methanol is proposed along with the aging attention value model.The measured data of 500 kV EHV transformers in operation indicate that the combination of η-butanol and methanol as the preferred characterizers can effectively compensate for the shortcoming of traditional characterizers in the early stages of aging,and the feasibility of the method is verified.Two possible pathways for the generation of η-butanol by cellulose cleavage during the aging of oil-paper are proposed from the chemical structure of cellulose.

基于光纤超声传感器的油纸绝缘局部放电超声波信号特性试验研究

对变压器绝缘进行有效的局部放电在线监测,可及时发现变压器的绝缘缺陷,确保整个电力系统的安全运行。本文采用光纤超声传感器对油中局部放电超声信号在油、绝缘纸板、钢板、绝缘纸-钢板组合介质以及铜线圈中传播时,超声波衰减情况、传播速度和波形变化进行了试验研究,结果表明:超声波在油、绝缘纸、钢板以及组合介质中传播时信号强度会衰减,但波形不会变化;铜线圈对超声波影响最大,不仅衰减严重,速度减小,而且波形也会发生畸变。最后在实体变压器中进行了实际测量,取得较好的检测效果。

Space Charge Characteristics of Oil-paper Insulation in the Electro-thermal Aging Process

High electric field and temperatures can result in electrical property degradation of oil-paper insulation and accelerate its aging process.This paper describes the regulation of space charge in the process of electro-thermal aging.Electric field distortion and differences in characteristic parameters during electro-thermal aging are analyzed,along with the effects of electro-thermal aging on space charge from the perspective of trap energy.High temperature and an electric field are used to accelerate the aging of oil-paper,and space charge characteristics are measured using the pulsed electro-acoustic(PEA)method throughout the electro-thermal aging.Based on results obtained,it can be concluded that homo-charge injection occurs at the anode and the type of the charge injection at the cathode varies throughout the electro-thermal aging;the decrease of permittivity during aging allows for space charge injection to take place;growth of trap depth makes the space charge accumulate in the middle of the sample;and space charge accumulation after electro-thermal aging results in inner electric field distortion,which leads to large current and decreased breakdown in voltages.

Characteristics of Partial Discharge in Oil-paper Insulated Needle Plate Electrode Model Under Composite AC-DC Voltage

Converter transformers are the core device in ultrahigh voltage direct current(UHVDC)transmission systems,and the oil-paper insulation at its rectifying valve side deals with the composite AC-DC voltage.A detailed investigation of the partial discharge(PD)mechanism in the oil-paper insulation under the composite AC-DC voltage is,therefore,very important.The oilpaper insulated needle plate electrode simulation model for the electric field and charge distribution can be established using hydrodynamic drift-diffusion theory and bipolar charge carrier theory,and the simulation results can reflect the morphological changes of PD.The development characteristics of PD under composite AC-DC voltage are researched.In addition,the effects of simulation time,the AC-DC component proportion,and model parameters on PD are also explored.Results indicate that differences in applied voltage,interface charge,and geometry structure can cause changes in the electric field strength,which consequently influences the PD process in the simulation model.Oil-immersed paperboard is a type of liquid-immersed dielectric(LID).When the LID is arranged in perpendicular,only the positive streamers have narrow channels oriented toward the LID.When the LID is arranged in parallel,the PDs are in the form of creeping discharges and the negative streamers are more dispersed.The development characteristics of PD and its influencing factors reported here may provide theoretical and simulation support to explain the physical mechanism of PD at the rectifying valve side of the converter transformer.