Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein...Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein, we demonstrate the facile fabrication of antifouling polysulfone-block-poly(ethylene glycol)(PSF-b-PEG, SFEG)composite membranes. SFEG layer was coated onto macroporous supports and cavitated by immerging them in acetone/n-propanol following the mechanism of selective swelling induced pore generation. Thus-produced SFEG membranes possessed high permeance and excellent mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the structures and separation performances of the SFEG layers can be continuously tuned through simply changing swelling durations. More importantly, the hydrophilic PEG chains were spontaneously enriched onto the pore walls through swelling treatment, endowing intrinsic antifouling property to the SFEG membranes. Bovine serum albumin(BSA)/humic acid(HA) fouling tests proved the prominent fouling resistance of SFEG membranes, and the fouling resistance is expected to be long-standing because of the firm connection between PEG chains and PSF matrix by covalent bonding.展开更多
The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this me...The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this method does not lead to precise results.To overcome these problems,in the present study,a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process.These include:the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures,the steam temperature,the phosphoric acid density,the phosphoric acid volume flow rate circulating in the loop.Some statistical accuracy indices are employed simultaneously to justify the interrelation between these independent variables and the fouling resistance and to select the best training algorithm allowing the determination of the optimal number of hidden neurons.In particular,the BFGS quasi-Newton back-propagation approach is found to be the most performing of the considered training algorithms.Furthermore,the best topology ANN for the shell and tube heat exchanger is obtained with a network consisting of one hidden layer with 13 neurons using a tangent sigmoid transfer function for the hidden and output layers.This model predicts the experimental values of the fouling resistance with AARD%=0.065,MSE=2.168×10^(−11),RMSE=4.656×10^(−6)and r^(2)=0.994.展开更多
This paper established an on-line monitoring model for fouling resistance of cooling water based on heat transfer theory,which was mainly applied to the fouling resistance test for condenser of chiller in operation,an...This paper established an on-line monitoring model for fouling resistance of cooling water based on heat transfer theory,which was mainly applied to the fouling resistance test for condenser of chiller in operation,and the test requirements were presented.It proves that the load ratio of chiller has big influence on the test result,and the best load ratio for test is the range of 80%～100%.A case has been executed to validate the model's feasibility.展开更多
Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activa...Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated. The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability; the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%. The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively. The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system. In addition, it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however, the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling. The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.展开更多
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance ...An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behavio（s were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness,alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness andalkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. Thecomponents of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling,ρfhf, varied from 380 to 2600 kg·W·（m^4·K）^-1, increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, λf, varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W·（m·K）^-1 .展开更多
The lateral resistance of sleeper plays an important role in ensuring the stability of a railway track, which may change in the operation of railway, due to the fouling in the ballast bed. In this work, discrete eleme...The lateral resistance of sleeper plays an important role in ensuring the stability of a railway track, which may change in the operation of railway, due to the fouling in the ballast bed. In this work, discrete element method was adopted to investigate the effect of fouling on the lateral resistance of sleeper. The shape information of ballast was captured by method of three-dimensional vision reconstruction. In order to calibrate the mechanical parameters and verify the models, a lateral resistance field test was carried out by using a custom-made device. The contact force distributions in the different parts of sleeper as well as the interaction between ballast and sleeper were discussed in depth. The results show that fouling of ballast bed evidently reduces the lateral resistance of sleeper and the decreasing degree is also related to the fouled position of ballast bed, in the order of shoulder > bottom > side.Therefore, the effect of fouling, especially the fouling in the ballast shoulder, on the lateral resistance of sleeper, should be taken into account in ballast track maintenance work.展开更多
A study on heat transfer performance by thermal fluid coupling simulation for the fouling in a shell-tube heat exchanger used in engineering was presented. The coupling simulation was performed in a fluid and solid do...A study on heat transfer performance by thermal fluid coupling simulation for the fouling in a shell-tube heat exchanger used in engineering was presented. The coupling simulation was performed in a fluid and solid domains under three different fouling conditions: fouling inside the tube, fouling outside the tube, and fouling inside the shell. The flow field, temperature, and pressure distributions in the heat exchanger were solved numerically to analyze the heat transfer performance parameters, such as thermal resistance. It is found that the pressure drop of the heat exchanger and the thermal resistance of the tube wall increase by nearly 30% and 20%, respectively, when the relative fouling thickness reaches 10%. The fouling inside the tube has more impact on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, and the fouling inside the shell has less impact.展开更多
In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inv...In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.展开更多
针对目前商业化纯生啤酒用除菌滤膜存在孔径分布宽、抗污性差、膜孔易堵塞、可重复使用性差等问题,利用熔融挤出相分离法制备了不同直径大小的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH),通过将粗、细纳米纤维在上、下层的先后排列构筑了一种梯度结构纳...针对目前商业化纯生啤酒用除菌滤膜存在孔径分布宽、抗污性差、膜孔易堵塞、可重复使用性差等问题,利用熔融挤出相分离法制备了不同直径大小的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH),通过将粗、细纳米纤维在上、下层的先后排列构筑了一种梯度结构纳米纤维膜。通过对梯度纳米纤维膜过滤性能、抗污性及可重复使用性等进行研究,发现梯度纳米纤维膜对10 g/L的酵母浸膏发酵液重复过滤后,稳定后的通量为22660 L m^(-2)h^(-1),远高于Pall®商业膜(4840 L m^(-2)h^(-1))。经高温蒸汽灭菌处理后的梯度纳米纤维膜的稳定通量为6600 L m^(-2)h^(-1),而商业膜仅为1760 L m^(-2)h^(-1),表现出优异的耐高温水蒸气性能。此外,污染后的梯度纳米纤维膜经80℃水清洗后的通量恢复率可达43%,而商业膜的通量恢复率仅为32%,表明梯度纳米纤维膜显示了优异的可重复使用性。为纯生啤酒用除菌滤膜的国产化替代提供了一种新的途径。展开更多
针对某台超超临界1000MW机组燃用准东煤锅炉水冷壁出现的沾污结渣、高温腐蚀问题,基于锅炉的燃烧煤种特性、结焦状况以及腐蚀类型,开展了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层在锅炉后墙水冷壁燃尽风区域的工程验证试验。采用宏观检查、扫描电子显微镜(scan...针对某台超超临界1000MW机组燃用准东煤锅炉水冷壁出现的沾污结渣、高温腐蚀问题,基于锅炉的燃烧煤种特性、结焦状况以及腐蚀类型,开展了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层在锅炉后墙水冷壁燃尽风区域的工程验证试验。采用宏观检查、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、拉曼光谱、摩擦系数及表面能测试等方法,分析了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层的使用效果,揭示了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层的防沾污结渣、耐腐蚀机制。试验结果表明,涂层在锅炉运行11个月后完好,表面无明显结焦物、无明显腐蚀凹坑,管壁未发生明显减薄。纳米高熵陶瓷涂层能够较好地解决锅炉水冷壁沾污结渣以及高温腐蚀的问题,为燃用准东煤锅炉的安全运行提供保障。展开更多
Fouling of landfill leachate,a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system,migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cos...Fouling of landfill leachate,a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system,migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cost for maintenance of those facilities.In addition,landfill leachate fouling might accumulate pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),posing threats to the environment.Characterization of the landfill leachate fouling and its associated environmental behavior is essential for the management of fouling.In this study,physicochemical and biological properties of landfill leachate fouling and the possible accumulation capacity of pathogens and ARGs were investigated in nitrification(aerobic condition)and denitrification(anaerobic condition)process during landfill leachate biological treatment,respectively.Results show that microbial(bacterial,archaeal,eukaryotic,and viral)community structure and function(carbon fixation,methanogenesis,nitrification and denitrification)differed in fouling under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,driven by the supplemental leachate water quality.Aerobic fouling had a higher abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes,while anaerobic fouling harbored a higher abundance of carbon fixation and methanogenesis genes.Both forms of leachate fouling had a higher abundance of pathogens and ARGs than the associated leachate,suggesting the accumulation capacity of fouling on biotic pollutants.Specifically,aerobic fouling harbored three orders of magnitude higher multidrug resistance genes mex D than its associated leachate.This finding provides fundamental knowledge on the biological properties of leachate fouling and suggests that leachate fouling might harbor significant pathogens and ARGs.展开更多
Nanofiltration(NF)membranes as high selective separators are appealing for molecular sieving,which still remains a great challenge for the mixed dyes with same charge.In this study,cellulose acetate(CA)membranes were ...Nanofiltration(NF)membranes as high selective separators are appealing for molecular sieving,which still remains a great challenge for the mixed dyes with same charge.In this study,cellulose acetate(CA)membranes were firstly aminated by ethylene imine polymer(PEI),and then the thin film of metal organic frameworks(MOFs)were constructed onto aminated CA membrane through forward-diffusion,slow crystallization and in situ growth of Fe Co-Prussian blue(FeCo-PB)crystallization layers.The designed PB@CA composite NF membrane shows an ideal rejection for Congo red(CR)/methyl orange(MO)mixture solution,with 99.7%±0.2%for CR and 33.5%±2%for MO.In addition,the composite NF membrane demonstrated good efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of organic fouling(permeability recovery ratio was up to 92%)due to the active FeCo-PB micro-cubes.Thus,this work provides a practical strategy to prepare MOFs mediated thin film composite nanofiltration membrane for precise molecular sieving and catalytic antifouling performances.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776126)the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB655301)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150063)partially supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes(M1-201702).
文摘Fouling resistance of ultrafiltration(UF) membranes is critical for their long-term usages in terms of stable performance, so convenient approaches to prepare fouling-resistant membranes are always anticipated. Herein, we demonstrate the facile fabrication of antifouling polysulfone-block-poly(ethylene glycol)(PSF-b-PEG, SFEG)composite membranes. SFEG layer was coated onto macroporous supports and cavitated by immerging them in acetone/n-propanol following the mechanism of selective swelling induced pore generation. Thus-produced SFEG membranes possessed high permeance and excellent mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the structures and separation performances of the SFEG layers can be continuously tuned through simply changing swelling durations. More importantly, the hydrophilic PEG chains were spontaneously enriched onto the pore walls through swelling treatment, endowing intrinsic antifouling property to the SFEG membranes. Bovine serum albumin(BSA)/humic acid(HA) fouling tests proved the prominent fouling resistance of SFEG membranes, and the fouling resistance is expected to be long-standing because of the firm connection between PEG chains and PSF matrix by covalent bonding.
文摘The accumulation of undesirable deposits on the heat exchange surface represents a critical issue in industrial heat exchangers.Taking experimental measurements of the fouling is relatively difficult and,often,this method does not lead to precise results.To overcome these problems,in the present study,a new approach based on an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is used to predict the fouling resistance as a function of specific measurable variables in the phosphoric acid concentration process.These include:the phosphoric acid inlet and outlet temperatures,the steam temperature,the phosphoric acid density,the phosphoric acid volume flow rate circulating in the loop.Some statistical accuracy indices are employed simultaneously to justify the interrelation between these independent variables and the fouling resistance and to select the best training algorithm allowing the determination of the optimal number of hidden neurons.In particular,the BFGS quasi-Newton back-propagation approach is found to be the most performing of the considered training algorithms.Furthermore,the best topology ANN for the shell and tube heat exchanger is obtained with a network consisting of one hidden layer with 13 neurons using a tangent sigmoid transfer function for the hidden and output layers.This model predicts the experimental values of the fouling resistance with AARD%=0.065,MSE=2.168×10^(−11),RMSE=4.656×10^(−6)and r^(2)=0.994.
基金Supported by National Key Technologies R&D Program(2006BAJ02A10)
文摘This paper established an on-line monitoring model for fouling resistance of cooling water based on heat transfer theory,which was mainly applied to the fouling resistance test for condenser of chiller in operation,and the test requirements were presented.It proves that the load ratio of chiller has big influence on the test result,and the best load ratio for test is the range of 80%～100%.A case has been executed to validate the model's feasibility.
基金Project supported by the University Doctorial Research Foundation.Ministry of Education of China(No.20030141022).
文摘Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor. The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated. The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability; the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%. The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively. The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system. In addition, it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however, the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling. The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.
基金the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(G2007CB206904)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(00084)the Doctoral Fund of Beijing University of Technology(X004016200801)
文摘An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behavio（s were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness,alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness andalkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. Thecomponents of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling,ρfhf, varied from 380 to 2600 kg·W·（m^4·K）^-1, increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, λf, varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W·（m·K）^-1 .
基金Projects(U1234211,61472029,51208034)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The lateral resistance of sleeper plays an important role in ensuring the stability of a railway track, which may change in the operation of railway, due to the fouling in the ballast bed. In this work, discrete element method was adopted to investigate the effect of fouling on the lateral resistance of sleeper. The shape information of ballast was captured by method of three-dimensional vision reconstruction. In order to calibrate the mechanical parameters and verify the models, a lateral resistance field test was carried out by using a custom-made device. The contact force distributions in the different parts of sleeper as well as the interaction between ballast and sleeper were discussed in depth. The results show that fouling of ballast bed evidently reduces the lateral resistance of sleeper and the decreasing degree is also related to the fouled position of ballast bed, in the order of shoulder > bottom > side.Therefore, the effect of fouling, especially the fouling in the ballast shoulder, on the lateral resistance of sleeper, should be taken into account in ballast track maintenance work.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878102)
文摘A study on heat transfer performance by thermal fluid coupling simulation for the fouling in a shell-tube heat exchanger used in engineering was presented. The coupling simulation was performed in a fluid and solid domains under three different fouling conditions: fouling inside the tube, fouling outside the tube, and fouling inside the shell. The flow field, temperature, and pressure distributions in the heat exchanger were solved numerically to analyze the heat transfer performance parameters, such as thermal resistance. It is found that the pressure drop of the heat exchanger and the thermal resistance of the tube wall increase by nearly 30% and 20%, respectively, when the relative fouling thickness reaches 10%. The fouling inside the tube has more impact on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, and the fouling inside the shell has less impact.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (41174009)National Major Science &Technology Projects (2011ZX05020, 2011ZX05035,2011ZX05003, 2011ZX05007)
文摘In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.
文摘针对目前商业化纯生啤酒用除菌滤膜存在孔径分布宽、抗污性差、膜孔易堵塞、可重复使用性差等问题,利用熔融挤出相分离法制备了不同直径大小的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH),通过将粗、细纳米纤维在上、下层的先后排列构筑了一种梯度结构纳米纤维膜。通过对梯度纳米纤维膜过滤性能、抗污性及可重复使用性等进行研究,发现梯度纳米纤维膜对10 g/L的酵母浸膏发酵液重复过滤后,稳定后的通量为22660 L m^(-2)h^(-1),远高于Pall®商业膜(4840 L m^(-2)h^(-1))。经高温蒸汽灭菌处理后的梯度纳米纤维膜的稳定通量为6600 L m^(-2)h^(-1),而商业膜仅为1760 L m^(-2)h^(-1),表现出优异的耐高温水蒸气性能。此外,污染后的梯度纳米纤维膜经80℃水清洗后的通量恢复率可达43%,而商业膜的通量恢复率仅为32%,表明梯度纳米纤维膜显示了优异的可重复使用性。为纯生啤酒用除菌滤膜的国产化替代提供了一种新的途径。
文摘针对某台超超临界1000MW机组燃用准东煤锅炉水冷壁出现的沾污结渣、高温腐蚀问题,基于锅炉的燃烧煤种特性、结焦状况以及腐蚀类型,开展了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层在锅炉后墙水冷壁燃尽风区域的工程验证试验。采用宏观检查、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、拉曼光谱、摩擦系数及表面能测试等方法,分析了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层的使用效果,揭示了纳米高熵陶瓷涂层的防沾污结渣、耐腐蚀机制。试验结果表明,涂层在锅炉运行11个月后完好,表面无明显结焦物、无明显腐蚀凹坑,管壁未发生明显减薄。纳米高熵陶瓷涂层能够较好地解决锅炉水冷壁沾污结渣以及高温腐蚀的问题,为燃用准东煤锅炉的安全运行提供保障。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52000016 and 51578642)the Major program of Science and Technology of Anhui Province (No.202103a07020016)。
文摘Fouling of landfill leachate,a biofilm formation process on the surface of the collection system,migration pipeline and treatment system causes low efficiency of leachate transportation and treatment and increases cost for maintenance of those facilities.In addition,landfill leachate fouling might accumulate pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),posing threats to the environment.Characterization of the landfill leachate fouling and its associated environmental behavior is essential for the management of fouling.In this study,physicochemical and biological properties of landfill leachate fouling and the possible accumulation capacity of pathogens and ARGs were investigated in nitrification(aerobic condition)and denitrification(anaerobic condition)process during landfill leachate biological treatment,respectively.Results show that microbial(bacterial,archaeal,eukaryotic,and viral)community structure and function(carbon fixation,methanogenesis,nitrification and denitrification)differed in fouling under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,driven by the supplemental leachate water quality.Aerobic fouling had a higher abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes,while anaerobic fouling harbored a higher abundance of carbon fixation and methanogenesis genes.Both forms of leachate fouling had a higher abundance of pathogens and ARGs than the associated leachate,suggesting the accumulation capacity of fouling on biotic pollutants.Specifically,aerobic fouling harbored three orders of magnitude higher multidrug resistance genes mex D than its associated leachate.This finding provides fundamental knowledge on the biological properties of leachate fouling and suggests that leachate fouling might harbor significant pathogens and ARGs.
基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Grand Challenges(No.181GJHZ2022038GC)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C03170)+4 种基金Ten thousand plan-high level talents special support plan of Zhejiang province,China(No.ZJWR0108020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973230)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.LR20E030002)“Science and Technology Innovation 2025”Major Project of Ningbo(No.2020Z105)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Science(No.2014258).
文摘Nanofiltration(NF)membranes as high selective separators are appealing for molecular sieving,which still remains a great challenge for the mixed dyes with same charge.In this study,cellulose acetate(CA)membranes were firstly aminated by ethylene imine polymer(PEI),and then the thin film of metal organic frameworks(MOFs)were constructed onto aminated CA membrane through forward-diffusion,slow crystallization and in situ growth of Fe Co-Prussian blue(FeCo-PB)crystallization layers.The designed PB@CA composite NF membrane shows an ideal rejection for Congo red(CR)/methyl orange(MO)mixture solution,with 99.7%±0.2%for CR and 33.5%±2%for MO.In addition,the composite NF membrane demonstrated good efficiency for photocatalytic degradation of organic fouling(permeability recovery ratio was up to 92%)due to the active FeCo-PB micro-cubes.Thus,this work provides a practical strategy to prepare MOFs mediated thin film composite nanofiltration membrane for precise molecular sieving and catalytic antifouling performances.
