Production prediction at ultra-high water cut stage via Recurrent Neural Network

A deep learning method for predicting oil field production at ultra-high water cut stage from the existing oil field production data was presented,and the experimental verification and application effect analysis were carried out.Since the traditional Fully Connected Neural Network(FCNN)is incapable of preserving the correlation of time series data,the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)network,which is a kind of Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),was utilized to establish a model for oil field production prediction.By this model,oil field production can be predicted from the relationship between oil production index and its influencing factors and the trend and correlation of oil production over time.Production data of a medium and high permeability sandstone oilfield in China developed by water flooding was used to predict its production at ultra-high water cut stage,and the results were compared with the results from the traditional FCNN and water drive characteristic curves.The LSTM based on deep learning has higher precision,and gives more accurate production prediction for complex time series in oil field production.The LSTM model was used to predict the monthly oil production of another two oil fields.The prediction results are good,which verifies the versatility of the method.

Systematic improvement in Tong's B-type water drive method

Tong's B-type water drive method was proposed as early as the 1970s and has been widely applied in the dynamic prediction and effective evaluation of oilfield development.Through extensive applications and studies,many researchers found that the statistical constants in the formula of the Tong's B-type water drive method(also referred to as the Tong's B-type formula)are not applicable to multiple types of reservoirs,especially low-permeability ones,due to the limited range of reservoir types when the formula was conceived.Moreover,they put forward suggestions to improve the Tong's B-type formula,most of which focused on the research and calculation of the first constant in the formula.For oilfields in the development stages of high or ultra-high water cuts,it is widely accepted that different types of reservoirs have different limit water cuts.This understanding naturally makes it necessary to further modify the Tong's B-type formula.It is practically significant to establish the water drive formula and cross plot considering that the two constants in the formula vary with reservoir type.By analyzing the derivation process and conditions of the Tong's B-type formula,this study points out two key problems,i.e.,the two constants 7.5 and 1.69 in the formula are not applicable to all types of reservoir.Given this,this study establishes a function between key reservoir parameters and the first constant and another function between key reservoir parameters and recovery efficiency.Based on the established two functions and considering that different types of oil reservoir have different limit water cuts,this study develops an improved Tong's B-type formula and prepares the corresponding improved cross plot.The results of this study will improve the applicability and accuracy of Tong's B-type water drive method in predicting the trend of water cut increasing for different types of oil reservoirs.

大庆油田特高含水期原油开发规划技术发展现状与展望

开发规划在油田开采过程中发挥着重要的龙头指导作用,是油田企业在一定时期内制定的行动纲领和指南。开发规划技术水平的高低直接影响油田开发的效果和效益。在明确开发规划的基本内涵及与计划、战略的区别基础上,着重介绍了大庆油田发展的2类7项开发规划系列技术,包括开发规律及指标预测技术、技术经济政策界限确定技术、开发效果及潜力评价技术、规划编制及优化技术4项核心技术和可采储量及SEC储量评估技术、经济效益评价及决策支持技术、规划信息化技术3项支撑技术。通过分析当前油田开发规划技术发展存在的生产与技术难题,明确了3个发展方向以及3条实现路径。研究成果与认识对油田开发规划理论研究和实际应用具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。

高含水老油田化学驱综合治理新方法及工程实践路径

针对胜利高含水老油田化学驱在科学、技术、管理、工程四个角度面临的开发矛盾,以渤76块为典型单元,在工程实践中进行具体对策分析,构建了“适、专、快、集”的老油田化学驱综合治理新方法。“适”指在老油田科学开发方式转化上,构建不同油藏类型老油田化学驱最佳介入时机模型,提出了在含水率相对较低的阶段,是适合化学驱的有利时机,高效开发方式需“适”介入。“专”指在老油田开发技术应用上,改变传统聚合物先溶解后注入的开发思路,研制可控相转化聚合物,使聚合物先注入后溶解,解决炮眼剪切降解的难题,提高油水流度控制能力,老油田开发矛盾需“专”治理。“快”指在老油田综合管理模式上,改变传统方式,即矿场提问题、研究院设计方案、化工厂生产驱油剂的“串联”管理模式,提出充分发挥矿场、研究院、生产厂三方优势的“并联”管理模式,形成针对单一油藏的产品工业化工艺包以及产业化落地方案,老油田开发技术实现“快”转化。“集”指在老油田工程应用实践上,打破老油田化学驱地面大规模建站的工程工艺模式,采用集约化撬装配注设备,实现老油田化学驱的集约快速配注,老油田工程工艺实现“集”应用。运用上述方法,在胜利油田渤76块综合含水率上升初期,实施由水驱转为可控相转化聚合物驱,实施后一年即见到明显的降水增油效果,单井日产油水平增加8.6t/d,综合含水率降低3.1%,验证了综合治理模式的可行性,为高含水老油田化学驱高效开发提供了有效路径。

胜利油田油藏数值模拟技术新进展及发展方向

油藏数值模拟技术是油藏分析的重要手段,是油田开发人员编制开发方案、开展动态跟踪调整、进行提高油藏采收率研究等工作的有力工具。为明确胜利油田油藏数值模拟技术的未来发展方向,回顾了胜利油田60年以来油藏数值模拟应用技术和自主知识产权软件研发的发展历程,着重总结了“十三五”以来适配油田当前地质及开发特征的特高含水期精细油藏描述、低渗透油藏压驱开发、非均相复合驱、稠油油藏多元热复合驱、CO_(2)高压混相驱、页岩油大规模压裂整体开发等多个领域的数值模拟应用技术创新性进展;介绍了涵盖水驱、化学驱、微观、智能模拟等不同方向的多款胜利特色油藏数值模拟软件的研发及应用情况。最后指出在当前胜利油田的开发形势下,油藏数值模拟在精细程度、规模、效率和协作方式等方面面临着更大的挑战,油藏数值模拟需要进一步向一体化、并行化、智能化方向发展,为胜利油田开发提质增效提供技术支撑。

高含水油田剩余油研究方法、分布特征与发展趋势

为了提高高含水油田剩余油研究与评价效果,基于大量文献调研,梳理了剩余油的概念、影响因素,从剩余油微观分布、宏观分布和饱和度定量分析3个方面总结了剩余油研究方法及其适用条件,概括了水驱油藏、稠油油藏和化学驱油藏的剩余油分布特征,进一步提出了目前剩余油研究的难点和发展趋势。结果表明:剩余油的影响因素主要包括地质构造、沉积微相、储层非均质性和井网密度、井网模式、注采系统的完善程度、生产动态等;剩余油研究方法包括实验分析方法、数值模拟方法和矿场测试方法等,各种方法的研究目的和适用条件不同,测试结果反映不同位置、不同尺度下的剩余油饱和度分布;高含水油田剩余油分布总体呈现高度分散和相对富集的特征,剩余油微观分布呈现连续相和非连续相多种形式;剩余油研究发展趋势包括但不限于以下5方面:超大物理模型的构建、多尺度高分辨率成像系统集成、考虑不同驱替介质及物性时变与非连续相非线性渗流的数值模拟改进方法、多学科多方法矿场测试的综合应用及大数据人工智能的广泛应用。

高含水老油田深度开发面临挑战及发展方向

高含水老油田是我国石油储量和产量的主体,对于保障国家能源安全、支撑国民经济社会高质量发展意义重大。在全面肯定中国高含水老油田重要战略地位的基础上,深入剖析高含水分类油藏开发现状,指出了实现高质量发展所面临的提高采收率、低成本高效开发及全生命周期绿色开发3大方面的挑战,明确了高含水老油田总体发展方向及核心关键技术,一是发展以“大幅度提高采收率”为目标的精准开发技术,二是发展以“智能高效”为目标的采油工程技术,三是发展以“高效、绿色、智能”为目标的地面工程技术。研究成果为中国高含水老油田今后较长时期的高质量发展指明了方向。

Ⅱ类广义气水混驱特征曲线的建立及应用

在Ⅱ类广义水驱特征曲线的基础上,引入了地下含气水率概念,类比建立了Ⅱ类广义气水混驱特征曲线。此类曲线对应的含气水变化规律数学模型在n、m取不同数值时,不仅可以转化为S型含气水变化规律,而且也可以转化为描述凸型、S-凸型、S-凹型、凹型等不同形态的含气水变化规律,丰富了气水混驱油藏开发效果评价方法。给出了Ⅱ类广义气水混驱特征曲线通式及其对应的含气水变化规律数学模型的求解方法,并分别评价了葡北油田三间房组油藏气水交替混相驱和锦州油田S31油藏气顶+边水混驱的开发效果,拟合精度较高,可供其他油藏开发借鉴。

海上油田“双高”阶段低效井综合治理研究

X油田是渤海典型的化学驱结束后续水驱油田,目前处于高含水及高采出程度的“双高”阶段,为解决开发生产过程中低产低效井逐渐增多且治理难度逐渐增加的问题,对油田储层沉积微相、地层物性参数、剩余油挖潜历程、开发方式转变、注采井网调整、增产措施影响等因素开展研究,分析低效井成因主要包括储层条件导致含水突升、井网不完善导致能量下降、过筛管压裂后采油井出砂等。针对不同成因低效井开展了分类治理研究,提出了区域流场调整、分层系开发、防砂筛管补贴等治理措施。20202021年矿场实践表明,对X油田12口低效井实施针对性的治理措施,单井平均高峰日增油达18 m^(3),预测治理有效期内将累增油21×10^(4)m^(3),该油田的低效井治理技术使油藏生产能力得到有效释放,为同类海上油田低效井治理提供了参考和借鉴。

管式井下油水分离技术在海上M油田的应用

针对海上油田部分大液量生产井受平台设备处理限制影响,在高含水阶段产能得不到有效释放的问题,提出了采用管式井下油水分离技术。该技术通过在生产井井下设置油水分离装置,实现油水分离减少井口产出水的目的。以M油田L井为例,通过该技术的应用,油井高峰日产水量减少超1700方/天,有效缓解平台水处理压力及成本,同时,油井生产效率和产能得到有效提升。该技术的成功应用,可为海上类似油田生产井的油水分离提供借鉴。

基于动态反演的“双高”油田驱油效率研究及挖潜实践

“双高”开发阶段油田水淹程度强,剩余油呈现整体分散、局部富集的分布特点,开展剩余油潜力精准评价对该阶段调整挖潜意义重大。以矿场实际生产数据为基础,在极限驱油效率室内试验认识的基础上,综合考虑矿场典型井网模式、水淹厚度、采出程度和含水率等因素,建立矿场级别下极限驱油效率动态反演数学模型,定量计算典型井网模式极限驱油效率。研究结果表明:1)原油黏度不同,驱油效率有差异,原油黏度为50 mPa·s时,驱油效率可达68%,原油黏度为300 mPa·s时,驱油效率可达62%;2)井网模式不同,驱油效率变化规律差异较大,结合SZ油田开发实际,定向井网极限驱油效率可达48%,水平井-定向井联合井网驱油效率可达61%~68%。SZ油田驱油效率仍有大幅提高空间,后续可通过调整井网进一步提高驱油效率。该研究成果考虑黏度差异的影响,定量评价高含水期油田井网调整对提高驱油效率的影响,为SZ油田潜力评价提供了指导,同时也为其他相同开发阶段油田提供借鉴。

Experimental study on surface-active polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery: A case study of Daqing placanticline oilfield, NE China

Experiments on surface-active polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery were carried out by detection analysis and modern physical simulation technique based on reservoirs and fluids in Daqing placanticline oilfield.The experimental results show that the surface-active polymer is different from other common polymers and polymer-surfactant systems in molecular aggregation,viscosity and flow capacity,and it has larger molecular coil size,higher viscosity and viscosifying capacity,and poorer mobility.The surface-active polymer solution has good performance of viscosity-increasing and viscosity retention,and has good performance of viscoelasticity and deformability to exert positive effects of viscosifying and viscoelastic properties.Surface-active polymer can change the chemical property of interface and reduce interfacial tension,making the reservoir rock turn water-wet,also it can emulsify the oil into relatively stable oil-in-water emulsion,and emulsification capacity is an important property to enhance oil washing efficiency under non-ultralow interfacial tension.The surface-active polymer flooding enlarges swept volume in two ways:Microscopically,the surface-active polymer has mobility control effect and can enter oil-bearing pores not swept by water to drive residual oil,and its mobility control effect has more contribution than oil washing capacity in enhancing oil recovery.Macroscopically,it has plugging capacity,and can emulsify and plug the dominant channels in layers with high permeability,forcing the injected fluid to enter the layer with medium or low permeability and low flow resistance,and thus enlarging swept volume.

特高含水油藏剩余油分布特征与提高采收率新技术

渤海湾盆地胜利油区经过60多年开发,整装、断块油藏已处于特高含水开发阶段,含水率超过90%,稠油油藏进入高轮次吞吐开发阶段,整体采出程度不到40%,仍有大幅度提高采收率的潜力,需要攻关进一步提高采收率技术。针对整装油藏特高含水后期高耗水层带发育、低效水循环严重,断块油藏剩余油分布差异大、有效动用难度大,深层、薄层超稠油注汽难、热损失大,有碱复合驱油体系结垢严重,聚合物驱后油藏动态非均质性更强、剩余油更加分散以及特高含水后期套损井多、出砂加剧、精细分层注采要求高等难题,明确地质及剩余油分布特征,深化驱油机制认识,围绕整装油藏经济有效开发、断块油藏高效均衡开发、稠油油藏转方式开发、高温高盐油藏化学驱开发开展技术攻关,形成整装油藏精细流场调控技术、复杂断块油藏立体开发技术、稠油油藏热复合驱提高采收率技术、高温高盐油藏化学驱技术、特高含水期主导采油工程技术等特高含水油田提高采收率技术系列,开辟先导试验区,取得显著开发效果,实现工业化应用,支撑胜利油区持续稳产。

Study on the Critical Production Calculation Method of the Water-Flooding Reservoir with Gas Cap

The aim of this paper is to solve the problems that the existing method of critical production of gas cap reservoir is only suitable for single-phase flow, and the method of critical production of gas cap reservoir under water-flooding is still blank. In this paper, the relationships between dynamic and static equilibrium, plane radial flow theory, oil-water infiltration method and three-dimensional seepage field decomposition theory, were applied to study a calculation method for critical production of directional wells and horizontal wells. Furthermore, the effects of different factors on critical output were studied, such as horizontal permeability, ratio of horizontal permeability to vertical permeability, length of horizontal section, effective thickness, viscosity of crude oil and water content etc. Results show that the critical production increases with the increment of the horizontal permeability, the ratio of the vertical permeability to the horizontal permeability, the reservoir thickness and the horizontal well length;when the viscosity of crude oil is small, the critical production decreases first and then increases with the increase of water content;when the viscosity of crude oil is high, the critical production increases continuously with the increase of water content. This study could provide theoretical and technical guidance for changing of the working system of oil wells. It can avoid gas channeling and improve the development effect.

渤海C油田预钻井原油乳化对储层伤害实验研究

渤海C油田导管架期间首批12口预钻井在生产过程出现了生产压差高产量低的现象,分析认为原油乳化堵塞是潜在伤害因素。为了明确原油乳化堵塞机理,为产能恢复措施制定提供指导,针对该批低产井开展原油乳化堵塞实验研究。实验结果表明:当含水率为20%时,原油乳状液黏度为最高值10.9 mPa·s,为原油乳化反相点,乳状液类型为油包水(W/O)型;当含水率大于20%时,乳状液黏度降低,类型为水包油(O/W)型;原油高含水时,乳状液类型为O/W型,降低储层渗透率25.21%,对储层伤害相对较小;原油低含水时,乳状液类型为W/O型,降低储层渗透率75.01%,对储层伤害大。随着乳状液质量浓度从1000 mg·L^(-1)增加至4000 mg·L^(-1),岩心渗透率伤害程度最高达到50%。以I01H和I28H井为例,结合实验结果对实际生产动态进行分析,两口井生产初期含水率升高至20%后,生产压差不变,采液指数下降,说明原油发生乳化并堵塞近井地层,与实验结果一致。

我国高含水油田开发形势及政策建议

我国已开发高含水油田储量、产量分别占全国总量70%以上,担负着保障国家能源安全和支撑经济高质量发展的重要使命。高含水油田大多处于高含水、高采出程度的“双高”阶段,面临着后备资源接替不足、大幅度提高采收率技术难以满足开发需求、成本高、效益低等难题。同时,国内油气资源仍有较大潜力,勘探开发理论和技术水平不断提升,油气需求持续旺盛。为了解决高含水油田未来发展战略问题,在分析我国高含水油田开发形势、面临挑战与机遇的基础上,建议从国家层面完善配套机制和政策体系,包括常规油气分类分阶段差异化财税政策、油气矿业权相关政策,持续开展重大关键技术攻关支持,争取低油价返还特别收益金政策等,以促进高含水油田高质量可持续发展。

高含水老油田剩余油再富集质量评价及影响因素

中国陆上老油田大部分已进入高含水期,基于矿场实践经验,部分油井经过一段时间关井后,含水率明显降低,剩余油在局部的再富集是造成这一现象的主要原因。水驱后剩余油在重力和毛细管力的作用下向油藏低势闭合区的再富集是影响剩余油再分布的重要因素之一。通过含水率分级与分流量曲线建立水驱油藏含水饱和度分级标准,并以此为依据构建剩余油再富集程度指数和动用潜力指数,从富集程度和动用潜力2个角度对剩余油再富集过程进行表征和评价,并基于实验室尺度物理模拟实验考虑重力、水动力2个主导条件,分析不同影响因素下的剩余油再富集效果。研究结果表明:在重力主导条件下,剩余油再富集主要发生在油藏上部及隔层下部,高压力梯度时再富集效果更好;而在水动力主导条件下,高压力梯度对于剩余油再富集有促进作用,距离构造顶部的距离越大,剩余油再富集空间越大,采收率更高。

广义气水混驱特征曲线的建立及应用

为解决目前气水混驱特征曲线评价油藏开发效果方法较少的问题,引入了地下含气水率,并类比水驱油藏含水变化规律广义数学模型,建立了广义气水混驱特征曲线及其对应的广义含气水变化规律数学模型。新的广义气水混驱特征曲线在n=0和m=0时,为甲型气水交替驱特征曲线;在n=1和m=0时,则为乙型气水交替驱特征曲线。n和m取不同数值时,广义气水混驱特征曲线可以转化为S型气水混驱特征曲线,也可以转化为凸型、S-凸型、S-凹型、凹型等气水混驱特征曲线。为了便于矿场应用,给出了气水混驱特征曲线通式及其对应的含气水变化规律数学模型的求解方法,并应用于葡北油田三间房组油藏气水交替驱和锦州油田S31油藏气顶气+边水驱开发效果的评价,拟合精度较高,可供其他油藏借鉴。

组合式清水剂在南海高含水油田的应用

根据南海高含水油田的产液及污水处理流程特点,制备了前端由有机硫清水剂PC04和后端由乳液聚丙烯酰胺清水剂TC02构成的组合式清水剂。室内实验表明,当两种清水剂按照体积比4∶1分别加注时,展现出良好的清水能力。现场应用试验表明,T1系列前端清水剂PC04加注浓度为20 mg/L,后端清水剂TC02初始浓度为3 mg/L,处理后污水含油值均值为16 mg/L。T2系列前端清水剂PC04加注浓度为20 mg/L,后端清水剂TC02加注浓度为8 mg/L,处理后污水含油值均值为15 mg/L,组合式清水剂具有优异的除油效果。

塔河油田块状底水砂岩油藏开发特征及挖潜对策

塔河油田块状底水砂岩油藏油层较薄,油井投产后见水、含水率上升和产量递减皆快,稳产难度大。通过对油藏开发特征分析,对油井的含水率上升模式进行分类,确定其剩余油分布特点及其主要影响因素。结果表明,影响底水油藏剩余油分布的主要因素是构造、夹层、储集层非均质性和开发方式。针对底水油藏高含水期剩余油分布特点,提出了改善开发效果的有效挖潜对策:油井提控液调流向、天然气驱及CO_(2)驱。数值模拟与现场实践均取得了较好的效果,可供同类油藏开发借鉴。