Physical activity,fitness and all-cause mortality:An 18-year follow-up among old people

Background：Little is known about change in physical activity（PA） and its relationship to all-cause mortality among old people.There is even less information about the association between PA,fitness and all-cause mortality among people aged 80 years and above.The objective is to investigate persistence and change in PA over 5 years as a predictor of all-cause mortality,and fitnes as a mediator of this association,among people aged 80 and 85 years at the beginning of an 18-year mortality follow-up period.Methods：Using Evergreen Project data（started in 1989）,4 study groups were formed according to self-reported changes in PA level,over a 5-year period（starting in 1989–1990 and ending in 1994–1995）：remained active（RA,control group）,changed to inactive（CI）,remained inactive（RI）,and changed to active（CA）.Mortality was followed up over the 18-year period（1994–2012）.Cox models with different covariates such as age,sex,use of alcohol,smoking,chronic diseases,and a 10 m walking test were used to analyze the association between change in PA level and mortality.Results：Compared to RA,those who decreased their PA level（CI） between baseline and follow-up had higher all-cause mortality（hazard ratio（HR=2.09;95%CI：1.63–2.69） when adjusted for age,gender,and chronic diseases.RI showed the highest all-cause mortality（HR = 2.16;95%CI：1.59–2.93）.In CA,when compared against RA,the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significan（HR=1.51;95%CI：0.95–2.38）.In comparison with RA,when walking speed over 10 m was added as a covariate,all-cause mortality risk was almost statistically significan only in CI（HR=1.37;95%CI：1.00–1.87）.Conclusion：Persistence and change in PA level was associated with mortality.This association was largely explained by fitnes status.Randomized controlled studies are needed to test whether maintaining or increasing PA level could lengthen the life of old people.

Association of Fibrin Monomer Polymerization Function, Cerebrovascular Risk Factors and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in Old People

In order to investigate the association of fibrin monomer polymerization function (FMPF) with traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in old people. 1∶1 paired case-control comparative study was performed for FMPF and traditional cerebrovascular risk factors on 110 cases of old ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 110 controls matched on age, sex and living condition. The results showed that cerebrovascular risk factors were more prevalent in case group than in control group. In the case group, FMPF was significantly higher than in control group. There was a significant positive correlation between hypertension and fibrin monomer polymerization velocity (FMPV), hypertension and fibrinogen (Fbg), alcohol consumption and Fbg, but no significant correlation between diabetic mellitus, smoking and FMPF was found. Among the parameters of blood lipids, there were significant positive correlations between total cholesterol (TC) and parameters of FMPF to varying degrees, triglycerides (TG) and FMPV, TG and Fbg. Our results also showed there were significant linear trends between TC and FMPV (P<0. 001), TC and Fbg (P=0. 0087), TG and FMPV/Amax (maximum absorbance)(P=0. 0143) respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that FMPF in case group remained significantly higher than control group after adjustment of all risk factors that were significant in univariate analysis. It was concluded that there is a possible pathophysiological link between FMPF and cerebrovascular risk factors. An elevated FMPF is associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and an independent risk factor of this disease. In old people, detection of FMPF might be a useful screening to identify individuals at increased cerebrothrombotic risk.

The New Social and Identitary Models of Old People—Deepening the Concept of Successful Ageing

The concept of ageing society includes the quantitative factor that there will be more and more older people according to population transitions. But, at the same time, qualitative factors such as quality of life, identity changes and the experience of high changes in the subjectivity need to be included alongside these quantitative factors. So, the purpose and significance of the paper indicate that is necessary to ensure structures that can tolerate the new scenarios of this current generation of older people, who seek new life options, renewed emotional perspectives and transgenerational confrontation with traditional models of ageing and grandparenthood.

How to Improve Old People＇s Music-Learning Level in the Aging Society —— An analysis of old people＇s psychology in the learning of music

The world has paid more and more attention to the old people＇s life, physiology and mental health, which became a popular and hot issue that attracted the expert＇s sight. Questions of how to teach them, how to create a harmonious teaching environment, how to communicate with them about the key point and how to teach them in a more scientific way need to be considered and discussed further,

Optimization Strategies of Beijing Elderly Care Service Stations Based on Questionnaire Survey Method: A Case Study of Zhanlan Road Street of Xicheng District

4 elderly care service stations in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing are selected,and questionnaires are designed and distributed to the surrounding elderly population to understand their needs and satisfaction with the station environment.By observing elderly care service stations on site,the characteristics,obstacles,and shortcomings of the environment are recorded,and relevant data are collected and analyzed,such as the characteristics of the elderly population being interviewed,the planning and design data of the station environment,and the distribution of service facilities.The overall characteristics of the spatial environment of elderly care stations are summarized,and renovation measures and optimization suggestions are provided for the current shortcomings,thereby providing some basis for the spatial design of community elderly care service stations in the future.

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Old-age Care Services in Russia

Through the analysis of the history and current situation of Russia＇s old-age care services system, this paper analyzes and studies the old-age care services system in Russia. By means of law and social policy, Russia can promote the active participation of the elderly in politics, economy, culture and other activities to promote the positive image of the elderly. The active aging policy in Russia and the development trend of the old-age care service to promote the social adaptation and re-employment of the elderly are of positive significance to the development of our country＇s old-age care service.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Falls among the Elderly in an Urban Community of Beijing

Objective To understand the prevalence, consequences and risk factors of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Longtan Community, Beijing. A total of 1512 individuals aged 60 years or over were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data regarding the frequency of falls in the previous year, as well as circumstances, consequence and related factors of falls were collected from the elderly through face-to-face interviews with questionnaires in their home. Results The prevalence of falls was 18.0% on the average among 1512 participants, higher in women （20.1%） than in men （14.9%） （P=0.006）, and increased with age （Х^2 for trend=10.37, P=0.001）. The total rate of falls-induced injuries among the fallers was 37.7%. Falls usually resulted in soft-tissues bruises （58.7%）, fear of repeated episodes of falls （58.8%）, loss of independence and confidence in movement （35.7%） and even in hip fracture. In addition to the burden of medical care, falls also generated a big economic burden. Occurrence of falls was significantly associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The related factors of falls in the elderly included age≥60-70 years, femininity, less physical activities, fear of future falls, living alone, severely impaired vision, health problem-impacted activities of daily living, chronic diseases （diabetes, hypertension, postural hypotension, stroke sequela, cataract, arthritis, dementia and depression）, medications （psychoactive, anti-diabetic）, gait imbalance, high bed and faintly-lighted stairway. Conclusion The prevalence of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing is closely associated with significant associated with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Efforts to prevent falls in the elderly should be made at community level.

An Analysis of Labor Resources “One River and Two Tributaries” Region in Tibet, China

Focusing on the region of Yarlung Zangbo River and the middle reaches of itstwo tributaries of Nianchu River and Lhasa River in Tibet (Hereafter referred to as the 'One Riverand Two Tributaries' region), and based on the data from China 3rd, 4th and5th population censuses,the article has analyzed change patterns of this region' s labor force. Major findings from thestudy are summarized as follows; (1) Compared with the data from the 3rd census, labor forcepopulation in 2000 has increased significantly. (2) Children dependency coefficient has dropped,while old people dependency coefficient has changed very slightly with an increase of 0. 047% only.(3) Compared 2000 with 1982, illiteracy and semi-illiteracy rate of the population above 15 yearsold have decreased significantly by 30. 69 percentage points, but still higher than the nationalaverage. (4) Women' s illiteracy rate has dropped faster than men's, but up to 2000 it was generallyquite high. The upgrading of the entire population's overall quality has a long way to go.

The elderly problems and countermeasures of exploring rehabilitation medical services

with the rising proportion of our aging population, the prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly has increased, but most of the elderly body aging, action inconvenience, self-care ability is poor, become the thorny problem for the treatment of chronic diseases.Medical rehabilitation is a effective way to improve the sick old man body health.But with an aging that meet the needs of the elderly health service system in the aspect of construction and rehabilitation medical resources configuration, there are still some problems to be solved. In this article, through analyzing problems existing in the old medical service recovery to further explore its countermeasures.

Mr.Adnan Kassar,an Old Friend of the Chinese People

'Among countless awards 1 have received,the China-Arab Friendship Outstanding Contribution Award presented by Chinese President Xi Jinping is the greatest honor of my life.I will not only keep it at my home,but also in my heart.'Today,I’m very excited that my friendship with China received recognition from President Xi.It reminds

Comprehensive treatment for old patients with hip fractures

Objective: To observe the effect of comprehensive treatment for hip fracture in old people. Methods: Three hundred and seventy two old patients with hip fractures were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Cases in Group A were treated only by operations. Cases in Group B received comprehensive treatment. The Singh Indexes of both uninjured and injured femoral necks were used to judge the osteoporosis levels before operation and one year after the operation. The function of injured hip joints was evaluated one year postoperatively. Results: Complications occurred in 36.56 % of the cases in Group A and 5.91 % of Group B. One year postoperatively, the Singh Index degree distributions of both uninjured and injured femoral necks in Group A had no significant difference compared with those before the operation (P> 0.05 ). In Group B, there was significant difference between one year postoperatively and before operation, and the Singh Index one year after the operation showed better result than that before operation (P< 0.05 ). One year after operation, there was significant difference in the function of injured hip joints between Group A and Group B (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions: Hip fracture in old people should be treated comprehensively according to its internal characteristics, osteoporosis.