Improving the Quality of Public Space in Old Residential Areas Based on Superposition and Intervention:A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

With the development of cities,China has entered an era of stock planning.The functions of old residential areas in urban development can no longer meet the needs of residents in the new era for a better life,and new standards have been put forward for the quality of public spaces for living.This paper analyzes and sorts out the characteristics and problems of the public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou district.Combining superposition and intervention techniques,the spatial,historical,cultural and other characteristic elements of the residential areas are preserved to the greatest extent.The public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou District is updated and reconstructed in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of its public space.

An Extended Fuzzy-DEMATEL System for Factor Analyses on Social Capital Selection in the Renovation of Old Residential Communities

China has been promoting the renovation of old residential communities vigorously.Due to the financial pressure of the government and the sustainability of the renovation of old residential communities,public-private partnerships(PPP)have already gained attention.The selection of social capital is key to improving the efficiency of the PPP model in renovating old residential communities.In order to determine the influencing factors of social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities,this paper aims to find an effective approach and analyze these factors.In this paper,a fuzzy decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory(fuzzy-DEMATEL)technique is extended and amore suitable systemis developed for the selection of social capital using the existing group decisionmaking theory.In the first stage,grounded theory is used to extract the unabridged key influencing factors for social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities.Secondly,by considering the impact of expert weights,the key influencing factors are identified.The interactions within these influencing factors are discussed and the credibility of the results is verified by sensitivity analysis.Finally,these key influencing factors are sorted by importance.Based on the results,the government should focus on a technical level,organizationalmanagement abilities,corporate reputation,credit status,etc.This study provides the government with a theoretical basis and a methodology for evaluating social capital selection.

Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

Research on Evaluation of Green Land System in Old Residential Areas

Development of residential areas in China had been divided into three stages, and the paper had pointed out that China now highlighted living but neglected environment. The paper had concluded major existing problems of green lands in residential areas, and based on this, it considered that it was necessary to launch an evaluation on green land system in residential areas. It had analyzed identification of evaluation system indexes and weights, and proposed an evaluation system model. Furthermore, by taking "Hayiji" residential area for example, it had illustrated the application of the evaluation system of green lands in old residential areas in detail. Through evaluation on them, the primary problems of each green land system had been identified, and pertinent reconstruction modes had been proposed, so as to provide reference for reconstruction of green land systems of old residential areas in North China.

Reform of Green Spaces in Old Residential Districts——A Case Study of the Old Wujie Residential District of Urumqi Railway Bureau in China

Taking green space reform in the Old Wujie Residential District of Urumqi Railway Bureau for example, current situation of green spaces in old residential districts of Urumqi City was introduced, and problems were summarized as "limited plant species, simple plant furnishings; improper planting location; conflicts between plant and pipe layout; serious competition leading to poor growth of plants; small ratio of green space, worn infrastructure; backward management level, and poor protection consciousness of residents". In view of these problems, relevant suggestions were given to improve infrastructure and plant furnishings in the study district, and to provide reference for green space reform in old residential districts in northwest China.

Renovation of Outdoor Environment in Old Residential Communities Suitable for the Elderly against the Background of Population Aging

More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.

Soundscape Design of Old Urban Residential Districts

This paper introduced the concept of soundscape, investigated sound environment of old urban residential districts, and explored soundscape elements and soundscape designs. In view of current sound environment features of old urban residential districts and different population groups' preferences for different sound elements, this paper proposed soundscape design methods to improve sound environment of old urban residential districts.

Simulation of Old Urban Residential Area Evolution Based on Complex Adaptive System

On the basis of complex adaptive system theory, this paper proposed an agent-based model of old urban residential area, in which, residents and providers are the two adaptive agents. The behaviors of residents and providers in this model are trained with back propagation and simulated with Swarm software based on environment-rules-agents interaction. This model simulates the evolution of old urban residential area and analyzes the relations between the evolution and urban management with the background of Chaozhou city. As a result, the following are obtained ： （ 1 ） Simulation without government intervention indicates the trend of housing ageing, environmental deterioration, economic depression, and social filtering-down in old urban residential area. If the development of old urban residential area is under control of developers in market, whose desire is profit maximization, and factors such as social justice, historic and culture value will be ignored. （2） If the government carries out some policies and measures which will perfectly serve their original aims, simulation reveals that old urban residential area could be adapted to environment and keep sustainable development. This conclusion emphasizes that government must act as initiator and program maker for guiding residents and other providers directly in the development of old urban residential area.

Revitalization Design of Public Spaces in Old Residential Communities: a Case Study of Qingshanhu Community in Nanchang City

Public space is an important part of a dty and also a crucial carrier for public activities. During the urban development, the overall environmental quality of old residential communities has degraded gradually for the lack of maintenance and upgrading, its public spaces have failed to satisfy routine needs of residents. To remodel the vitality of public spaces in old residential communities, this paper based on the field investigation of Qingshanhu Community in Nanchang City explored the thoughts of revitalizing public spaces in old residential communities from the aspects of society and material environment, and put forward the strategies of designing vitality of public spaces in old residential communities.

Environmental Renewal Strategy of Old Residential Areas:A Case Study of Luochengtou Spinning Machine Yard No.6 of Handan City

Nowadays,China’s urbanization has entered a new stage,paying more attention to the human settlement environment.The urban environment has been greatly improved,with a new look.However,the contradiction between the old city and the new city has gradually become prominent.The old residential area is the basic composition of the old city.Some old residential areas are in disrepair for a long time,and the supporting facilities are imperfect.There are problems such as single style,chaotic layout,hidden quality hazards,etc.,which are difficult to meet the living standards of modern residents.To solve this problem,from the aspects of the levels involved in the renewal and reconstruction of old residential areas,it should repair the building quality,optimize the housing function and increase the residents’happiness.Based on reconstruction of old residential areas in Congtai District of Handan City,Luochengtou Spinning Machine Yard No.6 of Handan City is taken as the research object.Common strategies in the reconstruction of old residential areas are explored,and the existing problems are updated and transformed.The research could provide reference for renewal design of old residential areas.

Public Space Demand and Adaptive Behavior of Residents in Old Residential Area of Ancient City: Based on Qingyi Garden of Beirenyi Hutong in Kaifeng

The majority of the literature on the transformation of cultural promotion space in old residential areas in the United States and abroad is written from the top-down perspective of God,such as architects,planners,developers,and even government officials,and only a few of them examine the designer’s work from the perspective of aborigines.To sample life and gain insight into human nature,find another means to be as near to the public as possible,listen to the voice of users,and conduct an in-depth examination of the freestyle works altered by the old residential districts through the“people’s architectural planner.”

Residents’ Satisfaction Assessment of Outdoor Residential Spaces;A Local Study in an Urban Compact Form in Sana’a, Yemen—Winter Period

This paper studies the thermal performance of outdoor residential spaces in the old part—historical part—of Sana’a city in the winter period and its impact on the residents’ satisfaction who occupied the buildings which overlook these spaces and use them on a pedestrian comfort basis. The analysis was carried out through the results of field measurements which study the temperature, relative humidity, and the air movement inside the selected outdoor spaces in the period of winter (2 months) data recorded through the devices used and compared with those obtained from the General Authority of Meteorology and Aviation—Meteorology Sector. Despite the passage of years, the author remained occupied with the opinion of the people whose homes overlook those outdoors spaces and what is their opinion of their performance. Therefore, an assessment was conducted in November 2020 to know the opinion of the people about the performance of these outdoor spaces and to compare the results of the field measurements with the results of the assessment. The measurements were conducted by using data-loggers that spread in some outdoor spaces in 7 spaces in old city of Sana’a and in its modern extension during the winter period which is the time of concern of this work. The measurements showed that the outdoor residential spaces in the old city of Sana’a are represented an advantage for winter climate over that of the modern city, so the focus in this paper was on that outdoors with the question of the users of the outdoor spaces in the old city only to clarify their satisfaction with it and whether it has succeeded as well from their point of view. Results presented in this paper are important to consider the relationship between the climatical performance of outdoor spaces and the comfort of the residents in the urban environment and give implications for urban planners and architects to improve the climate-based design methodology towards sustainable developments.

“双碳”目标下老旧小区绿色改造的有机更新策略研究——以广州为例

老旧小区绿色改造作为实现城市低碳化的重要途径,对我国实现“双碳”目标及高质量发展具有重要意义。随着城市化进程的加快,老旧小区存在既有建筑能耗过高、碳排放量超标等现实问题,对老旧小区进行绿色改造成为政府开展城市更新时需重点关注的内容。在总结广州老旧小区绿色改造现状及国内外相关实践经验的基础上,按照有机更新的思路,从顶层设计、人文建设、生态建设、建筑绿色更新、新技术新能源以及成本经济等方面提出对老旧小区绿色改造的策略建议。

城市微更新视域下老旧小区改造满意度调查及提升策略探究——以福州市鼓楼区为例

老旧小区改造是重大民生工程和发展工程,已成为推进城市更新和开发建设转型的重要方式。近年来,福州市鼓楼区持续推进老城区有机更新、城市空间重新梳理整合。为此,以福州市鼓楼区为例,对其展开老旧小区改造满意度调查,着力探究老旧小区改造问题、原因及其对策,为此,提升居民满意度,为后续的老旧小区改造与治理提供理论指导与实践参考。

十五天快速翻新改造老旧住宅应用研究

随着城镇化进程的不断深入,老旧住宅区的改造已成为城市更新的重要组成部分。装配式装修技术以其快速、高效、环保的特点,为老旧住区改造提供了新的思路和解决方案。本文以北京市朝阳区某老旧住宅翻新改造为研究对象,探索通过装配式装修技术,采用绿色化、工业化、数字化的手段,现场仅用十五天完成对老旧住宅快速翻新改造的应用研究。

地方政府推进老旧小区加装电梯的行为逻辑——一个交易费用经济学的分析框架

老旧小区加装电梯是推进城市更新的重要内容,是改善群众居住环境和出行条件,解决“悬空老人”、残疾人等群体上下楼难题的重要举措。现有文献主要集中在加装电梯前期业主之间的利益分歧与矛盾化解的研究,缺少对加装电梯工程审批阶段、建设安装阶段和运营维护阶段相关问题的分析。本文基于交易费用经济学分析框架,以广州市为例,研究地方政府推进老旧小区加装电梯的行为逻辑。研究发现,推进老旧小区加装电梯工作,要全面践行人民城市理念,充分发挥党的领导和组织优势,不断完善基层治理体系,破解公共事务治理难题。采用混合治理模式,针对高低层业主,疏解群众利益协调难问题;采用科层治理模式,聚焦政府职能部门,破解规划方案审批难问题;采用市场治理模式,关注业主与电梯厂商、施工单位、物管公司关系,化解工程建设施工难、后续管养维护难问题。

乡村既有建筑改造中的新旧共生——以南京市高岗村民居改造实践为例

近年来,乡村闲置建筑的活化利用逐渐受到关注,对于建筑改造而言,处理“新”与“旧”的关系始终是核心命题。本文阐述了乡村建筑改造中“新”与“旧”的矛盾,提出一种基于“新旧共生”理念的路径,以团队主持的乡村民居改造项目为案例,提出具体的改造策略,试图探索一种有效的乡村既有建筑改造模式,为相关设计实践提供借鉴。

韧性视角下城市老旧小区基础设施改造研究

老旧小区是城市安全发展的薄弱环节,其基础设施改造是重要的研究课题。韧性理论在城市基础设施领域的研究愈来愈多,如何增强老旧小区抵抗风险的能力,使老旧小区基础设施更具韧性,是一项有意义的研究。基于此,本文分析国内外相关研究和实践现状,结合韧性理论提出了基础设施改造的原则,探讨韧性视角下老旧小区基础设施改造的内容,提出相关对策建议。

负外部性如何塑造地方政府的政策行为?——以适老化改造中加装电梯政策为例

负外部性问题是基层社会治理的关键所在。基于全国114个城市的207份加装电梯政策文件,对地方政府应对负外部性的两种政策取向及其政策转换行为进行了动态识别,分析了两种政策取向所对应的负外部性治理方式及其内生的社会治理困境。研究表明:负外部性问题内嵌于地方政府的政策行为,表现为首次政策出台和后续政策修订中有关政策取向的差异化选择和跨期变动。具体地,68.42%的样本城市以“严格”的政策取向初次设定加装电梯政策,但随着政策取向的调整,最终选择“放松”的政策取向的城市占比达71.05%;50个样本城市的政策取向发生了由“严格”向“放松”的转变,其根源并非“自上而下”的层级任务压力,而是前期政策实践为地方政府认识负外部性所带来的潜在风险规模提供了有效信息,使其对潜在冲突风险的控制力得到增强。在推动解决老旧小区加装电梯难题的社会治理实践中,应对负外部性要依靠政策规制,但不能过度依赖政策规制,提升负外部性治理能力需要在风险预判、协同推进正负外部性活动以及靶向社区双重再造等方面重点发力。