In the world there are many collections of the pharmaceutical trend.In America,the exhibits of this profile are in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington,in Europe these are collections of pharmacy mu...In the world there are many collections of the pharmaceutical trend.In America,the exhibits of this profile are in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington,in Europe these are collections of pharmacy museums in Heidelberg(Germany),Krakow and Warsaw(Poland),Basel(Switzerland),Riga(Latvia),and others.Some of them have many thousands of exhibits.There are also separate collections of pharmaceutical items for educational institutions,for example,a collection of old medicinal raw materials in Vigan’s Cabinet,Queen College,Cambridge(Great Britain).All these meetings,however,have long been known and described in detail.Most of them do not have a strict orientation and are presented,along with old medicinal raw materials,as well as tools and appliances,dishes,books,herbaria and various auxiliary items.All the more interesting is the collection indicated in the title of the article,which arose literally from non-existence.She was transferred to the educational institution at its creation,and this year she,like him,turns a hundred years old.It has a strict focus and is represented almost exclusively by medicinal raw materials.Studying the samples of this old collection,as a whole of medical profile,makes it possible to understand that many plants,which initially had only food use,gradually became pharmaceutical objects.Probably,it was the long practice of food use,with the fixing of associated pharmacological effects in the memory,that became the reason for choosing certain types of raw materials as medicinal.Ordinary foods,protein and starchy,began to be perceived as strengthening,mucous—as enveloping and anti-ulcer,some fruits and herbs—as antiscorbutic,sharp—as appetizing and improving the work of the stomach,and so on.展开更多
In order to improve the utilization of milling materials,save stone resources and reduce milling energy consumption,the aged Styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)modified asphalt was used as a binder to prepare AC-16 asphal...In order to improve the utilization of milling materials,save stone resources and reduce milling energy consumption,the aged Styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)modified asphalt was used as a binder to prepare AC-16 asphalt mixture to simulate old asphalt pavement materials.First,the test and discrete element simulation results of uniaxial compression tests were used to calibrate the parameters of the parallel bonding contact model between asphalt mortar and aggregates.On this basis,a microscopic model of the asphalt mixture was established to simulate the old asphalt pavement.Then,the discrete element software PFC(Particle Flow Code)was used to simulate the milling process of the old asphalt pavement.Analyzed the force of the cutting tool and the utilization rate of milling materials,and the optimal milling speed and milling depth were determined.Finally,the energy consumption in the milling process was measured.It is concluded that in the process of milling the old asphalt pavement,using a cutting angle of 42°,milling speed of 0.5 m/s and milling depth of 20 mm can reduce the wear of the cutting tool.In this case,the direct utilization rate of milling materials is 85.3%,and the rate of energy consumption reduction is 33.53%.After parameter optimization,the utilization rate of milling materials can be increased by 17.4%.展开更多
文摘In the world there are many collections of the pharmaceutical trend.In America,the exhibits of this profile are in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington,in Europe these are collections of pharmacy museums in Heidelberg(Germany),Krakow and Warsaw(Poland),Basel(Switzerland),Riga(Latvia),and others.Some of them have many thousands of exhibits.There are also separate collections of pharmaceutical items for educational institutions,for example,a collection of old medicinal raw materials in Vigan’s Cabinet,Queen College,Cambridge(Great Britain).All these meetings,however,have long been known and described in detail.Most of them do not have a strict orientation and are presented,along with old medicinal raw materials,as well as tools and appliances,dishes,books,herbaria and various auxiliary items.All the more interesting is the collection indicated in the title of the article,which arose literally from non-existence.She was transferred to the educational institution at its creation,and this year she,like him,turns a hundred years old.It has a strict focus and is represented almost exclusively by medicinal raw materials.Studying the samples of this old collection,as a whole of medical profile,makes it possible to understand that many plants,which initially had only food use,gradually became pharmaceutical objects.Probably,it was the long practice of food use,with the fixing of associated pharmacological effects in the memory,that became the reason for choosing certain types of raw materials as medicinal.Ordinary foods,protein and starchy,began to be perceived as strengthening,mucous—as enveloping and anti-ulcer,some fruits and herbs—as antiscorbutic,sharp—as appetizing and improving the work of the stomach,and so on.
文摘In order to improve the utilization of milling materials,save stone resources and reduce milling energy consumption,the aged Styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)modified asphalt was used as a binder to prepare AC-16 asphalt mixture to simulate old asphalt pavement materials.First,the test and discrete element simulation results of uniaxial compression tests were used to calibrate the parameters of the parallel bonding contact model between asphalt mortar and aggregates.On this basis,a microscopic model of the asphalt mixture was established to simulate the old asphalt pavement.Then,the discrete element software PFC(Particle Flow Code)was used to simulate the milling process of the old asphalt pavement.Analyzed the force of the cutting tool and the utilization rate of milling materials,and the optimal milling speed and milling depth were determined.Finally,the energy consumption in the milling process was measured.It is concluded that in the process of milling the old asphalt pavement,using a cutting angle of 42°,milling speed of 0.5 m/s and milling depth of 20 mm can reduce the wear of the cutting tool.In this case,the direct utilization rate of milling materials is 85.3%,and the rate of energy consumption reduction is 33.53%.After parameter optimization,the utilization rate of milling materials can be increased by 17.4%.
