Aging Characteristics and Layout Planning of Old-age Care Facilities in the Downtown Area of Nanchang City

Compared to the situation of population aging and the elderly aging, the development of oldage undertaking in Nanchang is still undeveloped in that the old-age care industry lags behind the urban renewal speed and the objective needs of aging. Apart from discussions on the composition of elderly population and the status quo of aging, this paper took the institutional old-age care in the downtown area of Nanchang for example, explored problems in the current institutional old-age care facilities through field investigation, and proposed suggestions for the layout planning of old-age care facilities in the study area.

Post Mid-Staffordshire Inquiries Reaction, in and about the National Health Service (NHS), England. The Missing Pieces: Organizational, Care and Virtue Ethics Perspectives

The release of the Mid Staffordshire hospital report otherwise called the Francis report once again ignited the debate about the issue of abuse of especially vulnerable patients, while navigating the care pathway as inpatients in hospitals;within the National health service (NHS), England. Once more the official reaction from the NHS directorate is more “standards” to monitor failed standards in patient care. Of interest in the official responses so far, are the unheard voices addressing the issue of healthcare and organizational ethics concerns that need revisiting. This article seeks to revisit practice, systems and care issues leading to incidents of the type of the Staffordshire abuses, and the important but yet unheralded place of organizational and care ethics in helping to curb such abuses from re-occurring.

Revolutionizing Healthcare—The Integration of Virtual Worlds, AR, and Metaverse Technology

This paper explores the transformative impact of virtual worlds, augmented reality (AR), and the metaverse in the healthcare sector. It delves into the ways these technologies are reshaping patient care, medical education, and research, while also addressing the challenges and opportunities they present. The paper highlights the potential benefits of these technologies and emphasizes the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines to ensure responsible integration. Finally it outlines their transformative impact and discusses the challenges and opportunities they present for the future of healthcare provision.

Construction of Xi'an ecological old-age care community in the new urbanization

The new urbanization is an important carrier of ecological civilization construction, and ecological old-age care is the concrete manifestation of the perfect combination of the two, the proper meaning of the new urbanization connotation and an inevitable trend of its development. Based on the analysis of the connotation and relationship between the new urbanization and ecological old-age care, together with the current situation and existing problems of the current nursing institutions and ecological old-age care in Xi'an area, this paper discusses the major issues that should be noticed when constructing the ecological old-age care community in Xi'an and three main construction modes.

Examination of a Benchmark for Ethical Care Competence in Basic Nursing Education

Objectives: With rapid advancements in medical care, nurses are confronted with ethical issues on a daily basis. If new nurses are introduced to the clinical setting without having acquired sufficient ethical judgment skills in basic nursing education, they are unable to respond to the ethical dilemmas they face. This results in learned helplessness, which can lead to burnout and turnover. Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational programs where there is a natural progression from basic to continuing nursing. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a nationwide survey using the Nursing Student Care Ethical Competence Scale to present a benchmark for the assessment of this skill and facilitate continuity in nursing education. Methods: From February to March 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 4930 final-year nursing students enrolled in nursing colleges, junior colleges, and technical schools nationwide. The survey consisted of 29 items on ethical behavior, 26 items on ethics knowledge, and seven items on personal attributes. For the analysis, we calculated percentiles for the five standards of nursing students’ ethical care competence: safe care provision, respecting self-determination, protecting personal information, providing the best care, and upholding patients’ dignity. Results: Responses were obtained from 1505 nursing students (collection rate 30.5%, valid response rate 30.5%). The 80th percentile (minimum value-maximum value) was 128 (38 - 145) points for the ethical competence of nursing students, 37 (11 - 40) points for safe care provision, 28 (4 - 31) points for respect for self-determination, 23 (5 - 25) points for protection of personal information, 23 (5 - 25) points for best care provision, and 13 (3 - 15) points for respect for personal dignity. Discussion: The 80th percentile was established as the benchmark for ethical care competence. Conclusion: Based on these criteria, nursing students can objectively assess their ethical behavior, allowing them to understand their strengths and weaknesses, articulate their challenges, and learn autonomously.

An Analysis of Ophelia in Hamlet from the Perspective of Feminist Care Ethic

Through the ages, Ophelia in Hamlet has long been regarded as a childish maid. This thesis will give an analysis of Ophelia's growth from the perspective of feminist care ethic developmental stages theory, trying to illustrate that in the play Ophelia has experienced ethical development and has arrived at ethical maturity in the end.

Who decides in withdrawal of treatment in a critical care setting? A case study on ethical dilemma

Case description:Withdrawal of treatment is a common practice in critical care settings,perticularly when treatment is considered futile.The case study demonstrates an ethical dilemma,in which Danny is unlikely to make a functional recovery because of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes.Under such a circumstance,withdrawal of treatment will inevitably be considered,although his family refused to do so.Consequently,acritical question must be answered:Who should make the decision?Ethical dilemma identification:Danny decided to withdraw the use of life-support,whilst his wife and adult children refused to do so.The ethical dilemma is illustrated by the following question:Who decides the withdrawal of treatment in a critical care setting?Analysis:To provide an opotional solution to this case and make the best moral decision,the current study will critically discuss this issue in conjunction with ethical principles,philosophical theories and the values statement of the European and Chinese nurses'codes of ethics.Additionally,the associated literature relative to this case are analysed before the decision-making.Ethical decision-making:The best ethical decision is Danny can decide whether to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment.If his family is involved in the discussion,the medical staff should balance the ethical principles when they make the decision and allocate reasonable resources for patients.Results:In Danny's case,health professionals opted to respect his decision to withdraw treatment.The medical staff maintained an effective communication with the family involved,and provided the appropriate intervention to collaborate with other health care professionals to perfect further care.

Considerations in Dealing with Ethical Conflict Encountered in Healthcare Reform: Perceptions of Nurse Leaders

With the nursing profession continuing to face an array of ethical issues, the article reports the findings of a survey of members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives conducted in 2012 to determine the extent to which nurse leaders at different organization levels perceive various factors in their personal, professional and organizational environments to be helpful in resolving ethical dilemmas. After their personal values, nurse leaders perceive factors related to their organization to be more helpful than those related to their profession, including, among others, the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics. The two highest rated business-related factors deal with the absence of pressure to compromise one’s own ethical standards which suggests that one way healthcare organizations can assist nurses and their leaders is by neither explicitly nor implicitly pressuring them to go against their own ethical values. Other key factors related to the organization include formal organizational factors such as the existence of an ethics committee or a person to whom unethical activity can be reported as well as more informal factors related to organizational climate such as the actions and responsiveness of one’s immediate boss, the ability to go beyond one’s boss if necessary, the organizational culture, management philosophy, and management’s communication of appropriate ethical behavior. Comparison of the findings of the 2012 survey with those of a similar study conducted in 2000 indicated the four factors perceived as most helpful in both studies were identical with the same rank order and the top-10 factors were identical with some differences in ranking. Further analysis indicated the relative degree of helpfulness of the 17 help factors common to both studies was perceived by responding nurse leaders as quite similar overall. The authors also discuss the implications for the profession and the healthcare industry today and in the future.

The Impact of Health Care Reform Initiatives on Ethical Conflict and Opportunities for Nurses to Improve Quality of Care While Enhancing Their Work Environments

Background: After more than a decade of the nursing profession contending that healthcare reform based almost exclusively on cost cutting was creating an array of serious ethical issues for nurses, healthcare organizations and other providers are now facing increasing demands primarily from payers to demonstrate improvement in both quality of care and patient experience along with continued cost reduction. Research Question: Have efforts by healthcare organizations to comply with these recently imposed requirements influenced the ethical environment faced by nurses and nurse leaders and if so, how? Materials and Methods: Data for assessing the current ethical environment was gathered with a close-ended survey mailed in October 2012 to a random sample of 3000 members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of the data and comparison with the findings of a similar study conducted in 2000 indicated that along with five highly rated issues in the earlier study attributed largely to economic constraints imposed by healthcare organizations, the top-10 key ethical issues today included five issues primarily attributable to interprofessional conflict. Conclusion: Given the success of many ongoing efforts aimed at weakening these key sources of ethical conflict that have blocked many proposals to improve the quality of care, opportunities should arise for the nursing profession to more fully achieve its goals of improving the quality of care, safety and patient satisfaction and enhancing nurses’ work environments essential to that effort.

The effects of ethical dilemmas regarding the use of physical restraints in eldercare on female nurses who care for their relatives in Japan

Purpose: This study sought to clarify the relationship between a nurse’s exposure to elderly relatives and their perspective in using restraints on the elderly in health care situations. Methods: We approached nursing staff supervisors at 17 general hospital wards and explained the objectives of the study. Supervisors at 14 hospitals agreed to participate, giving us a sampling pool of 1929 nurses. We used a chi square test to compare nurses who had spent time with elderly relatives and those who had not on several variables related to using restraints on elderly patients. Results and Conclusion: This study found that nurses who live with elderly family members were significantly more likely to believe that restraints cause diseases (including chronic diseases) based on a chi square test (p < 0.05). Therefore it would be important that essential was the experiences of individuals with elderly family members when making programs of decreasing nurse’s dilemma to restraining the elderly.

Care and Estrangement in Mother-Child Relationship in Sula

Motherhood is one of the unavoidable themes of Toni Morrison’s Sula.However,motherhood manifests itself more as split and disconnection than affection and comfort in this novel.From the perspective of the ethic of care,we will find that motherhood is rather complicated and fraught with conflicts.The onus of parenthood care has traditionally fallen on the mother.The reality is that mother care is not as guaranteed and unconditional as readers used to believe.The performance of mother care is actually subject to many hindrances even though the mother may entertain a profound love towards her child.In this story,we may find that racial oppression,financial hardship,emotional burden,children’s depressing response,etc.,all exemplify these hindrances.Lack of care,thus,can lead to the disconnection and estrangement between mother and child.This novel dispels the myth of unconditional maternal love and presents to us the complicatedness of motherhood.

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

人工智能养老的伦理困境反思

人工智能养老是人工智能与养老服务相互融合而形成的新兴领域。中国社会正值人口老龄化、高龄化的加速期与上升期,人工智能为满足老年人的健康需求提供前所未有的契机,也面临着严峻的伦理难题和挑战。面向老年人的人工智能伦理治理,应坚持以人为本的价值立场,以增进老年人福祉为价值目标。理念赋能,维护老年人的权利与尊严;关系赋能,倡导多方协作共担责任的伦理治理;技术赋能,弥合老年数字鸿沟;心理赋能,提升老年人内在自我效能。

家庭医生服务制度的健康伦理、现实挑战与机制完善

人文关怀、契约精神与资源分配是家庭医生服务制度健康伦理的核心指向,该制度在实践运作中存在诸多健康伦理的现实挑战。人文关怀理念的培养,必须强化全科医学人文教育的规范化与家庭医生执业中人文教育的制度化;签约服务信任关系的养成,应力求实现家庭医生服务制度的规范化且应充分考虑不同人群的特殊需要,加强家庭医生服务平台的信息化建设;签约服务首诊秩序的形成,除了人文关怀理念与签约服务信任的相关制度完善外,还应采取诱导性的制度设计,合理调整与配置医疗卫生资源,引导居民逐步养成科学的健康理念与有序的就医习惯。

中国基本养老服务制度的伦理向度

基本养老服务制度关乎伦理,蕴含遵循以人民为中心的核心价值、彰显共建共享的顶层设计、聚焦正义和效率的协调统一、秉持公共善和个体善相辅相成的伦理属性;在制度的执行和贯彻中存在保基本与需求多样性的差距、传统代际养老责任意识与普惠性相背离、资源配置的均衡性不足等方面的实然伦理困境;只有聚焦基本养老服务责任的顺序性和协同性相结合、传统孝老爱亲文化的创造性转化和创新性发展、基本养老服务分配形式公平和实质公平相统一等应然伦理路径,基本养老服务制度建设才能在“善”的应然方向彰显更大效能。

聊城地区医护人员安宁疗护认知及态度调查分析

目的调查聊城地区医护人员对安宁疗护的认知及态度现状,并分析相关影响因素,为进一步开展安宁疗护服务提供参考。方法采取便利抽样方法,于2022年1—6月选取404名聊城地区各级医院的医护人员为研究对象,进行安宁疗护知识及态度问卷调查,利用统计学方法进行相关影响因素分析。结果聊城地区医护人员安宁疗护的知识得分为(13.02±4.10)分,平均得分率为65.10%,态度得分为(38.67±5.64)分,平均得分率为64.50%。年龄(41~50)岁、接受过教育培训、医治或护理过中晚期患者、了解伦理道德和文化习俗与知识得分成正相关(P<0.05)。年龄(>50岁)、职称(副高级职称)、岗位(医疗)、医治或护理过中晚期患者会对态度得分产生显著的正向影响关系(P<0.05)。结论聊城地区医护人员对安宁疗护的认知和态度处于中等水平,加强建设规范的安宁疗护体系有助于提高医护人员的安宁疗护认知及态度水平。

缓和医疗中的伦理学问题

随着医疗理念的更新,缓和医疗已成为生命终末期患者照护的重要组成部分,与此同时,其所涉及的伦理学问题日益凸显。本文通过综述国内外缓和医疗伦理学相关研究,旨在梳理缓和医疗中5个关键的伦理学问题,包括讲真话、预立照护计划、维生干预的使用、缓和镇静、安乐死和协助死亡与缓和医疗的关系,为缓和医疗实践提供了伦理学视角,以期帮助从事缓和医疗的专业人员加深认知,更好地为患者及其家属提供高质量照护,同时为相关法律法规和政策的制定提供参考。

长期护理保险居家护理项目的伦理基础与制度保障

长期护理保险居家护理项目包括家庭照护类和上门护理类,以孝道文化和尊老敬老文化为伦理基础。各地试点政策均对居家护理项目进行了规定。但家庭照护类项目中参保人家属在确定非正式护理人员和维系家庭照护质量中承受着伦理压力,上门护理类项目中上门护理员在维系护理质量和上门护理市场中承受着伦理压力。制度解决相关伦理问题,应允许参保老年人自由选择现金或服务支付,推进家政行业建设,对家庭照护质量维系提供支持,并建立统一的居家上门护理质量标准和考核制度,建立针对养老服务机构上门护理的惩罚和退出制度。

关怀伦理学视野下的人与非人动物关系探析

当代关怀伦理学注重利用关系进路来研究人和动物之间的关系,而唐纳森和金里卡则进一步把公民资格理论运用到这一研究,通过区分不同类别的人和非人动物关系,来讨论人对它们的责任和义务。但该理论因无法有效回应非人动物是否可以公民化等一系列问题而遭到反驳。如果同样从关系进路展开,依托移情理论而非公民资格理论,把人类不同程度的移情运用到对家人、朋友和陌生人之上,进而用这三类关系类比家养动物、边缘动物和野生动物,并指出不同程度的移情关怀对应不同程度的责任和义务,就能够克服公民资格理论的缺陷,对关系进路下人与非人动物的关系研究提供了一种新的方法。