Frying Performance of High Oleic Oil Enriched in Biophenols during Discontinuos and Prolonged Thermal Treatment

Biophenols are potent natural antioxidants that protect food quality by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids. During heat treatment this protective rule prevents oxidation caused by many factors, as high temperature reached, presence of oxygen and water contained in food matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frying performance of high oleic oil enriched in biophenols, comparing its thermal stability with those of high oleic oil (control sample) during thermo-oxidation and deep fat frying process. Positive effects when biophenols were added to oil were found: lower acidity levels, lower TPC values during the first 16 hours of heat treatment, absence of short chain fatty acids (C8:0) until 24 h of thermo-oxidation treatment and detection of lower acrylamide content in French friesrespect to those fried in the control oil.

The role that oilseeds, including new hi-oleic varieties can play in improving the profile of fat intake by the UK population

The production in the EU of the oilseeds, rapeseed and sunflower, has increased dramatically over the last 20 years. Much of the oil produced after crushing is used for culinary purposes;this enhanced intake of vegetable oil has led to a substantial change of fatty acid (FA) supply. This has been conclusively demonstrated by taking the UK oil supply data and by use of the FA profile of the key oils converting the supply data into a FA profile of the UK market place for 2008-2012. The most marked changes are a reduction in saturated fat (SFA) and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) available for consumption. Furthermore the introduction of varieties of hi-oleic sunflower oil can further affect the market FA profile. The fat profiles of rapeseed and sunflower oils are considered healthy and they can have a positive impact when included in the diet, particularly as a replacement for oils or fats rich in SFA. In the UK and much of Europe, adult SFA intake continues to exceed recommendations. While reductions in the UK population’s SFA intake have occurred over the last 20 years, these are modest and it may be timely to identify ways in which SFA intake can be further reduced. To do this, the UK market FA supply data has been analysed alongside the profile of FA intake from adults recording their intake in national dietary surveys in order to identify if the market supply affects overall FA consumption. There is an indication that market oil supply is reflected in adults dietary intake of the main groups of FA. Consequently changes made to the oil profile of oilseeds by plant breeders and use of the resulting healthier oils by food manufacturers could have important roles to play in helping adults to achieve the recommended intake of SFA and also improve the overall fat quality in their diet leading to enhanced long-term health and well-being. Thus changes made in primary oilseed production supported by culinary use of these oils with a healthier profile could help support the UK’s Department of Health SFA Responsibility Deal and other similar National initiatives that are looking for industry pledges to offer sustained long-term reductions in SFA, consistent with healthy eating recommendations. Using the market supply to drive dietary change allows sectors of the population to be most resistant healthy eating messages and least likely to make dietary interventions to move to a healthier FA profile of intake with minimal personal intervention;in this case, health by stealth.

不同花生油对月饼饼皮面团特性及月饼品质的影响

旨在通过改变油脂来提升广式月饼的品质,以市售压榨一级花生油(PO,高温压榨)、市售压榨精制高油酸花生油(HO,高温压榨)、低温压榨高油酸花生油(RO,经脱胶处理)、低温压榨高油酸花生油(CO,未脱胶处理)为油脂原料来制作月饼,探究了4种花生油的品质差异,及其对月饼饼皮面团动态流变学特性、水分分布、质构特性的影响,以及对广式月饼理化特性和感官评分的影响。同时,对月饼饼皮面团特性与月饼品质进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果表明:低温压榨花生油在酸值、过氧化值和氧化稳定性方面均优于高温压榨花生油;相比于普通花生油,高油酸花生油的油酸含量较高,而亚油酸含量大幅减少;RO制作的面团与PO制作的面团相比弹性模量和黏性模量均显著降低,损耗因子显著增加,且PO制作的面团最大曲率时间最长,CO制作的面团最大曲率时间最短,不同花生油制作的面团质构特性不存在显著差异;RO制作的月饼感官得分最高,品质最好;面团黏性模量、最大曲率时间与月饼硬度呈显著正相关,面团最大曲率时间与月饼感官得分呈显著负相关。综上,低温压榨高油酸花生油可以改变月饼饼皮面团的流变学特性和水分分布,并对最终产品的感官品质具有一定的改善作用。

新疆不同地区加工专用花生营养成分比较

花生生长条件和环境不同导致其品质出现差异,分析不同来源花生原料的品质有利于优化原料的选择,为花生产品加工利用提供参考。新疆南、北疆和东疆均有种植花生,但适合新疆不同地区种植的加工专用品种较少,采集新疆不同地区和内地3个省份的32个样品,对含油量、蛋白质、蔗糖、油酸/亚油酸(O/L)、蛋白亚基、氨基酸等6个指标进行测定、分析比较。结果表明,同一花生品种在不同地区种植后的营养成分含量存在一定差异,整体而言,新疆花生的含油量、蛋白质、蔗糖等指标在不同程度上优于内地,进一步分析得出花生在吐鲁番的含油量、O/L、伴花生球蛋白、总氨基酸含量最高,最高值为55.71%、35.11、37.39%、28.23 g/100 g,在阿拉尔的蛋白质、花生球蛋白含量最高,最高值为22.67 g/100 g、63.28%,在和田的蔗糖、23.5 ku亚基含量最高,为5.07 g/100 g、20.48%,在三坪的37.5 ku亚基含量最高(9.31%)。新疆不同地区不同品种花生的营养成分研究为新疆花生产业区域布局提供参考,为企业选择优质原料、建立原料基地提供依据。

10种不同油茶籽仁含油率与脂肪酸组成

研究产自贵州、湖南和江西10种油茶籽仁含油率及其脂肪酸组成,为油茶选育与推广提供参考。采用索氏抽提法和气相色谱法分别检测样品的含油率和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,油茶籽仁含油率为26.79%±0.16%~54.98%±0.76%,其中,浙江红花(ZHH)油茶籽仁含油率最高,贵州松桃正大(岑软)油茶(GCR)最低;油茶籽油中含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,其中,油酸是主要的不饱和脂肪酸,含量为70.82%±0.26%~84.13%±0.14%,引进品种(HYZ)油茶的油酸含量最高;亚油酸含量为4.62%±0.29%~16.2%±0.23%,GCR的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量最高;10种油茶籽油的棕榈酸含量为8.29%±0.04%~13.92%±0.26%;硬脂酸含量为1.38%±0.02%~2.80%±0.10%。油酸和亚油酸含量呈负相关,二者之和介于84.67%±0.19%~89.28%±0.04%。这些结果为油茶选育与推广提供参考。

高油酸浓香花生油和普通浓香花生油风味比较

为了探究浓香花生油的感官属性与呈香前体物质之间的关系,以高油酸花生仁和普通花生仁为原料,经炒籽—压榨—水化脱胶制备浓香花生油,测定了高油酸花生仁(山东、安徽和河北产)和普通花生仁(山东产)的理化指标、炒籽前后氨基酸及糖含量的变化和浓香花生油脂肪酸组成,分析了浓香花生油的感官属性以及浓香花生油呈香前体物质(氨基酸和蔗糖)变化量与感官属性强度的相关性,同时对浓香花生油的风味化合物含量进行了测定。结果表明:安徽和河北高油酸花生仁比普通花生仁脂肪含量高;炒籽后高油酸花生仁的氨基酸损失更多,安徽和河北高油酸花生仁的蔗糖损失更多;高油酸花生油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,达到77.28%~81.35%,其氧化诱导期是普通花生油的5.7~11.7倍;高油酸花生油的熟坚果味、花生酱味、焦香味和煳味强度均高于普通花生油,甜香味和生花生味强度则弱于普通花生油;浓香花生油呈香前体物质变化量与感官属性强度存在显著相关性;高油酸花生油中杂环类、酚类、酮类化合物含量均高于普通花生油。综上,炒籽前后高油酸花生仁和普通花生仁中呈香前体物质变化的不同,使高油酸花生油和普通花生油中风味化合物含量和感官评价结果不同。

油茶籽油中高油酸植物油掺假的快速检测方法验证

目的:采用GB/T5539—2008山茶油纯度试验方法验证油茶籽油中的高油酸植物油掺假情况。方法:以3个纯茶油和9个高油酸植物油建立0%、10%、20%、30%、50%、100%6个掺假梯度的掺假模型,采用GB/T5539—2008山茶油纯度试验法对模型进行测试,根据结果所显示颜色由浅及深赋予0~5六个得分等级,分析测试结果和规律。结论:山茶油纯度试验法适用于高油酸植物油的掺假检测适用,且随着掺假浓度的提高,结果所赋得分值越高,结果随之呈现梯度变化。该法对植物油检测的灵敏度存在差异性,高油酸菜籽油的灵敏性最高,高油酸葵花籽油的灵敏性最低。该研究为油茶籽油中高油酸植物油的掺假研究提供了一定的参考。

基于油酸咪唑啉组分的阳离子加脂剂制备

油酸咪唑啉作为阳离子加脂剂的活性成分,其由油酸和羟乙基乙二胺进行合成;研究将油酸咪唑啉与中性油复合后,通过相转化法制备获得乳液型阳离子皮革加脂剂(GC)。对油酸咪唑啉组分及GC进行分析,并与市售阳离子加脂剂FC进行对比。结果表明,GC具有较好的乳化稳定性,其乳液平均粒径为2.21μm,小于FC(3.21μm);在黄牛皮沙发革的加脂应用中,采用GC加脂的坯革相较于FC具有更好的油润感、手感持久度、耐光性及物理力学性能。实验表明,GC是一种良好的阳离子加脂剂。

Strategies to enhance cottonseed oil contents and reshape fatty acid profile employing different breeding and genetic engineering approaches

Cottonseed oil is the valuable byproduct extracted after seed cotton processing for lint. It confers a huge contribution to total vegetable oil production and ranked the 2nd to meet global edible oil requirements. Over centuries, breeders mainly focused to improve lint production and fiber quality. Now attention has been given to improve the cottonseed oil percentage, its functional and nutritional properties. However, these efforts are less than other major oilseed crops which left cottonseed oil market behind in term of consumer demand and kept cott on seed oil industry at vuln erable positi on. Con siderable progress has been made to alter the relative percentage of fatty acid composition still intensified efforts have been required to meet the global oilseed demand. The objective of this review is to explore the cotton germplasm variation for seed oil carrying potential, its utilization in suitable breeding programs, seed oil biosynthetic pathways, major genes, and QTLs linked to quantity and quality enhancement of oil and deployment of modern genomic tools, viz., gene silencing and transgenic development to ameliorate its nutritional properties.

Effects and Mechanisms of Oil Cakes on the Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Under Continuous Cropping System

Fxperiments on the effect of soil amendment with rape (Brassica chinensis L.) seed cake, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed or sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed cake on the growth of cucumber seedlings under a continuous cropping system were conducted in a greenhouse environment. The results indicated that two applications of sesame seed cake (0.1 and 0.5 %, w/w) increased the growth of cucumber, but the rape oil cake showed a negative effect at a rate of 1.5% (w/w). The sesame seed cake was separated into four fractions (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) according to the polarity, and all four fractions had a positive effect on the growth of cucumbers under a continuous cropping system. Fraction number Ⅲ was isolated into 25 proportions by silicon column, and only oleic acid, palmitic acid and octadecanoic acid were identified in proportion 10 by GC-MS in which 93.3% was oleic acid and palmitic acid. The oleic acid had a significant and positive effect on cucumber growth under salt stress at the level 30 mmol and showed slight resistance to several pathogenic fungi.

油酸和高油酸油脂对人体健康的影响研究进展

介绍了油酸的生物来源、健康益处、食用安全性及适宜膳食量等,并提出研究建议,以期为油酸和高油酸植物油的摄入及健康作用宣称提供参考。

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Previous research has shown that the effect of potassium fertilizer on soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones) is still largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium application on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones under Midsouth environmental conditions. A three-year experiment was conducted in two locations (Milan, TN and Jackson, TN). Potassium (K) rates were applied in the form of K2O at a rate of 0 (Control, C), 45 (T1), 90 (T2), 134 (T3), and 179 (T4) kg·ha-1 in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that increasing the K application rate did not result in consistent effects on yield. However, increasing K application rate did increase protein, oleic acid, and individual and total isoflavone concentrations at both locations in 2008 and 2009. In Jackson in 2010, the increase of K rate did not change oleic acid, but resulted in an increase in glycitein and genistein isoflavone concentrations. In 2010, increasing K application rate increased protein concentrations, decreased individual and total isoflavones, and did not change oleic acid concentration at Milan. At the highest rate of K, 179 kg·ha-1, yield and some seed composition constituents were negatively impacted. Generally, K concentration in leaves at V5, R1, R3, and seed at harvest maturity stage (R8) increased with the increase of K rate applications. The research demonstrated that K application can alter seed composition, but this alteration depended on location, environmental stress factors, mainly heat and drought, K level in soil, and K application rate. Higher rates of K application may negatively impact seed composition constituents.

Olive oil consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD)derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis.Inappropriate dietary fat intake,excessive intake of soft drinks,insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride(TG)accumulation.An olive oil-rich diet decreases accumulation of TGs in the liver,improves postprandial TGs,glucose and glucagonlike peptide-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulates glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver.The principal mechanisms include:decreased nuclear factor-kappaB activation,decreased lowdensity lipoprotein oxidation,and improved insulin resistance by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-6)and improvement of jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1.The beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet is derived from monounsaturated fatty acids,mainly from olive oil.In this review,we describe the dietary sources of the monounsaturated fatty acids,the composition of olive oil,dietary fats and their relationship to insulin resistance and postprandial lipid and glucose responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,clinical and experimental studies that assess the relationship between olive oil and NAFLD,and the mechanism by which olive oil ameliorates fatty liver,and we discuss future perspectives.

聚(油酸-苯乙烯)双功能润滑油添加剂的合成

以植物油中广泛存在的油酸为原料,引入第二单体苯乙烯,采用Schlenk装置,通过溶液聚合法合成了油酸-苯乙烯共聚物(POS),采用FTIR,^(1)H NMR,TG表征了合成产物的结构,测定了它的相对分子质量及多分散性指数,并评价了它的抗磨和降凝性能。实验结果表明,在80℃、油酸与苯乙烯质量比为3∶7、引发剂含量为0.8%(w)、反应10 h时,POS的收率为47.52%、相对分子质量为1.203×10^(4)、多分散性指数为1.63。将0.8%(w)的POS添加到润滑油馏分(350~395℃)中,可将磨斑直径降低0.334 mm,凝点降低10℃。POS可作为一种兼有抗磨和降凝双重功能的润滑油添加剂代替传统石油基润滑油添加剂。

高油酸花生油酶促酯交换合成类可可脂工艺优化

为促进高油酸花生油的高值化利用,在无溶剂体系中以高油酸花生油为原料,棕榈酸乙酯、硬脂酸乙酯为酰基供体,酶促酯交换合成类可可脂。以目标甘三酯1,3-二棕榈酸-2-油酸(POP)、1-棕榈酸-2-油酸-3-硬脂酸(POS)、1,3-二硬脂酸-2-油酸(SOS)含量,硬脂酸指数和酰基位移率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面法对酶促酯交换合成类可可脂的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:酶促酯交换合成类可可脂的最佳工艺条件为硬脂酸乙酯与棕榈酸乙酯物质的量比1.3∶1、酰基供体与高油酸花生油物质的量比12∶1、加酶量2.7%(以底物质量计)、反应温度60℃、反应时间7 h,在该条件下产物甘三酯中POP、POS、SOS的含量分别为14.55%、48.87%、25.17%,硬脂酸指数为0.56,酰基位移率为7.35%。产物的目标甘三酯组成和脂肪酸组成与可可脂相近,可作为可可脂替代品应用。

高油酸油菜产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

高油酸油菜菜籽中油酸含量高,菜油营养价值高,已成为当前油菜育种的一个热点,但目前国内通过认定的新品种较少,难以满足大面积推广应用的需求。应用灰色关联度分析法对8个高油酸油菜杂交种11个农艺性状进行比较分析,探讨高油酸油菜杂交种产量与农艺性状的关系。结果表明,高油酸油菜杂交种产量与主要农艺性状之间的关联顺序大小依次为主花序有效长度、结角密度、全生育期、株高、有效分枝部位、抗寒性(受冻率)、每角粒数、主花序有效角果数、千粒重、1次有效分支数、单株有效角果数。

高油酸花生油酶促酯交换制备1,3-二棕榈酸-2-油酸甘油三酯

旨在为可可脂生产提供新的基料油,同时为高油酸花生油的高值化利用提供研究基础,以高油酸花生油和棕榈酸乙酯为原料,脂肪酶NS40086为催化剂,在无溶剂体系下酶法合成1,3-二棕榈酸-2-油酸甘油三酯(POP)。采用单因素实验研究反应条件对POP含量、酰基位移、sn-2位油酸相对含量的影响,并采用响应面法进行优化。结果表明:高油酸花生油酶促酯交换制备POP的最佳反应条件为反应时间3 h、底物(棕榈酸乙酯与高油酸花生油)物质的量比11∶1、酶添加量(以底物总质量计)3%、反应温度50℃,在此条件下POP含量为86.48%,酰基位移为3.25%,sn-2位油酸相对含量为72.88%。

四川凉山木里地区野生核桃品种对比及其油脂品质分析

以四川凉山州木里地区采摘的8种野生核桃为研究对象,对其特性及其油脂品质进行系统对比分析,检测核桃果重、横径、出仁率、核桃仁粗脂肪含量、出油率、水分、核桃油酸价、过氧化值和脂肪酸成分及其含量。结果表明,8种核桃的果重为4.86 g~13.98 g,核桃横径为24.95 mm~36.03 mm,出仁率为40.80%~55.86%,核桃仁粗脂肪含量为60.16%~68.04%,出油率为22.31%~44.36%,水分含量均小于5%,酸价与过氧化值符合国家标准;不饱和脂肪酸的含量均高于90%;油酸含量为28.74%~37.73%,亚油酸含量为48.22%~55.73%,α-亚麻酸含量为5.35%~7.00%。经综合分析,木里5号核桃兼具低粗脂肪含量、高出油率、高油酸、高亚油酸、高α-亚麻酸、低酸价等优点,更适合用于加工生产高品质冷榨核桃油。

二氧化碳驱油工艺中油酸咪唑啉对碳钢的缓蚀行为研究

目的研究CO_(2)驱油工艺中咪唑啉缓蚀剂对油套管P110钢腐蚀的缓蚀机制与规律。方法模拟长庆油田CO_(2)驱工艺环境为实验条件,采用失重挂片、电化学测试、微观表征等手段,研究油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂对P110碳钢的腐蚀抑制行为。结果P110钢的腐蚀速度随着CO_(2)分压的升高而增大,但是增大幅度不明显。当CO_(2)分压为2、6 MPa时,油酸咪唑啉对P110钢腐蚀具有显著的抑制效果,缓蚀效率均超过98%,试片表面基本完整;当CO_(2)分压升高到8 MPa时,油酸咪唑啉的缓蚀性能明显下降,缓蚀效率仅为64.33%,试片表面存在明显的腐蚀特征。结论CO_(2)分压升高到8 MPa时,P110钢表面携带过剩的正电荷,不利于油酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂的吸附。