Wettability Control between Oleophobic/Superhydrophilic and Superoleophilic/Superhydrophobic Characteristics on the Modified Surface Treated with Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Oligomers/Micro-Sized Polystyrene Particle Composites

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane-N,N-dimethylacrylamide cooligomer [RF-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)x-(CH2-CHC(=O)NMe2)y-RF;RF = CF(CF3)OC3F7: RF-(VM)x-(DMAA)y-RF] was synthesized by reaction of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide [RF-C(=O)O-O(O=)C-RF] with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The modified glass surface treated with the cooligomeric nanoparticles [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF] prepared under the sol-gel reaction of the cooligomer under alkaline conditions was found to exhibit an oleophobic/superhydrophilic property, although the corresponding fluorinated homooligomeric nanoparticles [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF] afforded an oleophobic/hydrophobic property on the modified surface under similar conditions. RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF/PSt (micro-sized polystyrene particles) composites, which were prepared by the sol-gel reactions of the corresponding homooligomer and cooligomer in the presence of PSt particle under alkaline conditions, provided an oleophobic/superhydrophilic property on the modified surface. However, it was demonstrated that the surface wettability on the modified surface treated with the RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/RF-(VM-SiO3/2)x-(DMAA)y-RF/PSt composites changes dramatically from oleophobic/superhydrophilic to superoleophilic/superhydrophilic and superoleophilic/superhydrophobic characteristics, increasing with greater feed ratios (mg/mg) of the RF-(VM)n-RF homooligomer in homooligomer/cooligomer from 0 to 100 in the preparation of the composites. Such controlled surfac

Micro/nano structured oleophobic agent improving the wellbore stability of shale gas wells

Through embedding modified nano-silica particles on the surface of polystyrene using the method of Pickering emulsion polymerization,a kind of nano/micro oleophobic agent named OL-1 was developed.The effects of OL-1 on the rock surface properties and its performance in inhibiting the oil phase imbibition into the rock were explored.The performance and mechanisms of OL-1 in improving the wellbore stability of shale gas wells were evaluated and analyzed.OL-1 could absorb on the surface of the shale core to form a membrane with a micro-nano two-stage roughness,making the surface energy of the core decrease to 0.13 mN/m and the contact angle of the white oil on the core surface increase from 16.39°to 153.03°.Compared with the untreated capillary tube,when immersed into 3#white oil,the capillary tube treated by OL-1 had a reversal of capillary pressure from 273.76 Pa to-297.71 Pa,and the oil imbibition height inside the capillary tube decreased from 31 mm above the external liquid level to 33 mm below the external liquid level.The amount of oil invading into the rock core modified by OL-1 decreased by 64.29%compared with the untreated one.The shale core immersed into the oil-based drilling fluids with 1%OL-1 had a porosity reduction rate of only 4.5%.Compared with the core immersed in the drilling fluids without OL-1,the inherent force of the core treated by 1%OL-1 increased by 24.9%,demonstrating that OL-1 could effectively improve the rock mechanical stability by inhibiting oil phase imbibition.

OLEOPHOBIC AND HYDROPHOBIC FEATURE EXPERIMENTS OF FLUORINATED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

The surface performances of directly fluorinated high density polyethylene （HDPE） are studied with Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectra, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and contact angle （CA） system. The SEM images show that there is a three-layer structure called the reaction, virgin and boundary layer structure. The depth of fluorinated layer is 5.75 ~m with 1 h fluorination time and 7.86 b^m with 2 h. The depths are 5.46 /~m and 5.07 /~m when fluorine density is 2G and 1~/0, respectively. CA indicates that the HDPE surface property becomes more hydrophobic with the increasing water contact angle from 78.5~ to 104.5~. Oleophobic and hydrophobic features of HDPE are identified by comparison of mass change experiments. It is shown that the in- crement rate of fluorinated HDPE is much lower than that of un-fluorinated HDPE filled in neither distilled water nor jet fuel.

Synthesis and Characterization of Superhydrophobic-Superoleophobic and Anti-Corrosion Coatings via Sol-Gel Process

Superoleophobic nanocomposite coatings with improved hydrophobic properties were obtained by incorporation of a perfluoroalkyl polymer in hybrid sol-gel matrix containing silica and titania nanoparticles. SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized based on sol-gel precursors utilizing tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and tetra (n-butyl orthotitanate). SEM and EDX images of the coating demonstrated that a Silica nanosphere had been aggregated in superporous structure. The analysis results show that nano-sized inorganic particles (10 - 20 nm) have a uniform distribution and dispersion. By increasing the PFOTES, the oleophobicity of coatings increased due to lowering of surface energy in the presence of fluoropolymer. Results of EIS measurement show that PFOTES and TiO2 nanoparticles increased anti-corrosion property of hybrid coatings. This method introduces a simple way to produce water- and oil-repellent self-cleaning coatings on large areas of different substrates like glass, ceramic, metal and composites.

New CO_2-philic Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

A series of gluscose derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and elementary analysis. All new compounds are highly soluble in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. The compound with electron-withdrawing substituent on benzene ring had even better solubility than the compounds with electron-donating substituent.

Air-Pollutant-Philic Plants for Air Remediation

In this communication, we review our work over two decades on air-pollutant-philic plants that can grow with air pollutants as the sole nutrient source. We believe that such plants are instrumental in mitigating air pollution. Our target air pollutant has been atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and our work on this subject has consisted of three parts: Variation in plants’ abilities to mitigate air pollutants among naturally occurring plants, genetic improvement of plants’ abilities to mitigate air pollutants, and the plant vitalization effect of NO2. So far, an estimation of the half-life of nitrogen derived from NO2 uptake in plants belonging to the 217 taxa studied to date has shown no plants to be naturally occurring air-pollutant-philic. However, we found that an enormous difference exists in plants’ ability to uptake and assimilate atmospheric NO2. Future studies on the causes of this process may provide an important clue to aid the genetic production of plants that are effectively air-pollutant-philic. Both genetic engineering of the genes involved in the primary nitrate metabolism and genetic modification by ion-beam irradiation failed to make plants air-pollutant-philic, but mutants obtained in these studies will prove useful in revealing those genes critical in doing so. During our study on air-pollutant-philic plants, we unexpectedly discovered that prolonged exposure of plants to a sufficient level of NO2 activates the uptake and metabolism of nutrients that fuel plant growth and development. We named this phenomenon “the plant vitalization effect of NO2” (PVEON). Investigations into the mechanisms and genes involved in PVEON will provide an important clue to making plants air-pollutant-philic in the future.

3D打印聚乳酸膜及其油-水分离性能

采用3D(3-Dimension)打印技术制备了具有规则孔道结构且孔径可控的多孔聚乳酸(PLA)膜,然后以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为表面改性剂,利用氢键交联作用制备了PVA/PLA复合膜。当PLA膜基底填充率为70%时制备的PVA/PLA-70%复合膜的水下油接触角为165.9°,具有超疏油特性。在使用微量水润湿油-水分离膜条件下,PVA/PLA-70%复合膜的油-水分离实验结果表明:PVA/PLA-70%复合膜的油-水分离效率大于99%、水通量高达73.12 L/(m^(2)·s);油-水分离循环使用80次后,分离效率仍大于97%,且水通量稳定在56.10 L/(m^(2)·s),PVA改性PLA膜具有良好的循环稳定性。利用3D打印技术为制备可生物降解的油-水分离膜提供了新的研究方法。

兼具优异光学性能和疏水疏油性能的含氟聚降冰片烯二甲酰亚胺的制备与性能

针对聚降冰片烯材料的传统热性能提高改性策略会导致光学性能大大下降的问题,文中以全氟己基碘烷、对溴苯胺和纳迪克酸酐等原料设计合成了一种侧基带有对全氟己基苯结构的降冰片烯二甲酰亚胺单体,并将其通过开环易位聚合制备了一种新型含氟降冰片烯基均聚物(PNANPF6),以及合成了侧基分别为苯(PNANP)、对甲基苯(PNANPC1)、对三氟甲基苯(PNANPF1)、对己基苯(PNANPC6)4种结构相似的均聚物作为对照,通过核磁共振波谱和红外光谱表征证明了聚合物的成功制备。结果表明,在热性能和力学性能可基本保持的前提下,PNANPF6的水/正十二烷接触角相比PNANP提高了18°/26°;在400 nm/800 nm处的透光率相比PNANP提高了36%/22%。充分证明酰亚胺、苯环和全氟己基结构的引入可协同提高降冰片烯聚合物的光学性能和疏水疏油性能。为新型多功能降冰片烯聚合物的制备提供一条新思路。

超疏水-高疏油SiC膜的制备及性能

基于SiO_(2)粒子共混喷涂与浸渍方法,研发了一种在SiC膜上制备超疏水-高疏油表面的工艺。通过喷涂不同粒径的SiO_(2)颗粒,在SiC膜表面构造具有双疏性能的微纳双重粗糙结构,然后通过浸渍将十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷接枝至SiC膜表面,成功制备了具有超疏水-高疏油特性和优异自清洁性能的SiC膜。通过改变含氟量、粗糙度,分析了各参数对表面润湿性的影响。经改性后所得超疏水-高疏油SiC膜表面上水和正十六烷的静态接触角分别为152.6°和146.3°,滚动角分别为5.2°和10.2°,这归因于SiC膜表面的微纳结构和低表面能物质降低了其与其他物质的黏附力。在强酸和强碱溶液中,超疏水-高疏油SiC膜表现出稳定的双疏性。本研究为在无机膜上构建具有优异耐酸碱性的超疏水-高疏油表面提供了一种简便的工艺。

MXene@PEI/IL复合膜的构建及气体分离性能研究

膜分离技术具有绿色、高效、环保等优点成为气体分离领域研究的热点.本研究先将MXene纳米片与PEI相结合,之后在MXene@PEI膜的上表面旋涂不同负载量的IL,形成高性能的MXene@PEI/IL复合膜.通过SEM、TEM、AFM、FTIR、XRD和TGA测试研究了MXene纳米片和MXene@PEI/IL复合膜的形貌、内部结构和热稳定性.结果表明,PEI的正电荷和MXene的负电荷通过静电作用增强了膜的相容性.此外,通过系统研究IL的负载量、温度和操作时间对MXene@PEI/IL复合膜分离性能的影响.在25℃、0.1 MPa条件下MXene@PEI/IL复合膜分离CO_(2)/N_(2)时的最大CO_(2)渗透量为481.78 GPU,分离CO_(2)/CH_(4)时的最大CO_(2)渗透量为333.21 GPU.同时,MXene@PEI/IL复合膜对CO_(2)/N_(2)(35.30)和CO_(2)/CH4(32.13)均表现出优异的选择性.本研究中制备的膜还显示出卓越的持久性和优异的CO_(2)分离潜力.

还原氧化石墨烯亲油疏水材料的制备及性能评价

石墨烯类材料作为理想的碳纳米材料具有三维网状空间结构、巨大的比表面积和良好亲油疏水性能,被广泛应用于增强高分子材料。介绍了氧化石墨烯发泡法制备吸油材料,即聚氨酯材料在发泡过程中加入氧化石墨烯(GO)改性剂,随后对其还原,制备还原氧化石墨烯亲油疏水材料,并进行了结构表征及室内评价,重点探讨了氧化石墨烯浓度对材料吸附性能的影响,材料亲油疏水性能以及静态、动态油水分离效率。同时,对比总结其他石墨烯改性吸油材料的优缺点及目前存在的问题,最后概括本方法制备吸油材料的技术优势,为GO/CNTs等纳米材料制备高附加值产品工业化提供参考。

表面疏油Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷膜的制备及表征

以氨水和无水氯化铝为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在SiC基体上制备了Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷膜,以氟碳表面活性剂Capstone FS-50为改性剂,通过真空浸渍法对所制备的Al_(2)O_(3)膜进行疏油改性。结果表明,制备的膜孔径分布均匀,表面无裂纹和针孔缺陷,Capstone FS-50改性前后膜通量和孔结构几乎不变。Capstone FS-50能均匀附载在Al_(2)O_(3)膜表面,使其展现出良好的疏油性能(表面接触角最大为130°),在温度低于200℃时,改性陶瓷膜仍具有较好的疏油性和良好的耐磨性能。

聚四氟乙烯膜的改性及应用研究进展

综述了国内近年来PTFE膜的不同改性方法,以及PTFE改性膜在亲水性、生物相容性、导电性和疏油性等方面的功能改进及应用研究进展,并指出了未来的研究方向。

化纤织物疏水疏油功能整理的发展概况

早期荷叶表面的拒水现象引起了人们极大的兴趣,研究人员基于荷叶效应不断模仿荷叶表面的微纳结构,以获得可以比拟荷叶的超疏水表面。将超疏水表面应用于化纤织物有着巨大的应用前景,基于荷叶效应,可以通过构筑粗糙纹理表面的方法制备超疏水表面,但有些液体悬浮在纹理表面的稳定性较差,因此适用性有限。通过化学方法合成的含氟整理剂能够降低材料的表面能,使材料对大部分表面能较高的液体具有抵抗作用,使用含氟整理剂整理是目前制备超疏水表面的主流方法。但不论是构筑粗糙表面还是使用含氟整理剂整理,都无法使超疏水表面在极端环境下保持较好的拒液效果。通过在材料表面构建自愈合体系可以获得具有长久拒液效果的自愈合材料,这种超疏水材料的表面在受到机械磨损或化学腐蚀时,受损部位会自愈,从而达到持续的拒液效果。本文主要以化纤织物为例综述了疏水疏油功能整理的方法,阐释了化纤织物的疏水疏油机理,探讨了化纤织物受到化学腐蚀、机械磨损时应如何保持拒液稳定性的问题,并对未来化纤织物疏水疏油功能整理的发展方向进行了展望。

阳离子分散松香胶/AKD乳液/壳聚糖联合提高麻浆与烟梗浆配抄滤嘴棒用纸的疏水疏油性能

以麻浆和烟梗浆为原料,抄造滤嘴棒用纸。通过浆内添加施胶剂〔阳离子分散松香胶和烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)乳液〕和表面涂布壳聚糖的方法,提高滤嘴棒用纸的疏水疏油性能。探究施胶剂添加量和壳聚糖涂布量对滤嘴棒用纸防水性能、防油等级和物理性能的影响。研究结果表明:当浆内阳离子分散松香胶和AKD乳液添加量均为2%(相对绝干浆)时,滤嘴棒用纸的接触角为128.8°,60 s时滤嘴棒用纸的可勃值为24.30 g/m^(2);当壳聚糖涂布量为20 g/m^(2)时,滤嘴棒用纸的防油等级为12级。

Long-Lasting Filtration of Oily Water by Anti-Fouling Underwater Oleophobic Sand Particles

The produced water from the oilfield was purified with filter material and then injected back into the ground.The serpentine filter material was easy to harden with the increase in filtration amount,which affected the water quality.A superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic serpentine filter material was successfully prepared by a simple method of coating modification,which exhibited long-lasting filtration of oily water,good filtration and anti-fouling properties,and resistance to harden.The film-forming material of the superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic coating was composed of SiO_(2) particles with small size,which could completely and evenly cover the filter particle.The weight loss was only 7.6%after mechanical stirring for 90 min.Compared with the original filter material,the superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic serpentine filter material showed a better anti-fouling ability and resistance to harden.The filtration of crude oil emulsion and oil slick sewage showed a better backwashing performance.After 35 cycles of continuous filtration of suspended solids in wastewater,the backwashing rate reached 78.4%.The results provided an effective method for the filtration of oily wastewater in the oilfield.

疏水疏油二氧化硅增透膜的制备

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,氨水为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合全氟辛基癸烷三甲氧基硅烷(FAS)自组装对膜层表面改性,制备了疏水疏油二氧化硅增透膜.采用红外光谱仪,分光光度计,扫描探针显微镜,椭偏仪,静滴接触角测量仪,抗油污染能力测试等技术对膜层性质进行了分析.结果表明:疏水疏油增透膜的峰值透光率为99.8%;与水的接触角为118.0°,与二甲基硅油的接触角达到74.5°;在抗油污染能力测试中,疏水疏油增透膜的抗油污染能力较常规增透膜大大增强。

淀粉细化改性及其与聚乙烯增容性的研究

本文采用将淀粉进行微细化后再对其进行亲油改性，然后再与树脂共混制备可降解性塑料的工艺，可以明显地提高淀粉在树脂中的分散性，提高制品的力学性能。本文对改性工艺条件、改性淀粉及其共混体系的性质进行了研究。

激光表面织构铝基低黏附双疏表面

通过激光表面织构化加工方法在铝合金表面制备出一种微米尺度的特殊凹坑结构,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、超景深三维显微镜观测表面形貌;用接触角测量仪表征液滴在表面的润湿特性;通过高温稳定性、低温抗结冰实验和自清洁实验研究表面的温度特性和自清洁特性。结果表明:表面由规则有序的凹坑结构排列组成,且各凹坑带有一定的凸肩结构。表面对水滴的静态接触角最高达到154.6°,滚动角小于5.2°;对甘油的接触角最高达到150.3°,滚动角小于8.7°。超疏水表面在抗结冰和自清洁方面表现出优异的性能,为表面在油、水或两者的混合介质等领域内的应用提供一定的参考。