Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular funct...Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.展开更多
General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath for...General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify ...BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig2)expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.METHODS The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies(published up to October 2023)that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the metaanalysis.High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients[hazard ratio(HR):0.81;95%(confidence interval)CI:0.51-1.27;P=0.000].Furthermore,the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients(HR:1.34;95%CI:0.79-2.27)and better prognosis in Asian patients(HR:0.43;95%CI:0.22-0.84).The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR,and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.CONCLUSION High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients,and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-related disease have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection or its vaccination before disease onset.Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus...BACKGROUND Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-related disease have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection or its vaccination before disease onset.Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has been considered to be a trigger of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a 20-year male with MOG-associated transverse myelitis after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.The patient received a near-complete recovery after standard immunological treatments.CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the evaluation of typical or atypical neurological symptoms that may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe n...Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe nerve damage.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death caused by membrane rupture induced by lipid peroxidation,and plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.However,there are few studies on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from GEO databases and identified a role of ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and myelin injury after cerebral ischemia.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that perilipin-2(PLIN2)was involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.PLIN2 is a lipid storage protein and a marker of hypoxia-sensitive lipid droplet accumulation.For further investigation,we established a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.We found significant myelin damage after cerebral ischemia,as well as oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and increased lipid peroxidation levels around the infarct area.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1,rescued oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and subsequent myelin injury.We also found increased PLIN2 levels in the peri-infarct area that co-localized with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Plin2 knockdown rescued demyelination and improved neurological deficits.Our findings suggest that targeting PLIN2 to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing myelin damage after cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of flavonoids from the stem and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSFs) against Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced oligodendrocytes (OL) damage. ...Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of flavonoids from the stem and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSFs) against Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced oligodendrocytes (OL) damage. Methods: Immunofluorescence was used for the detection of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a characteristic protein of rat oligodendrocytes (OLN-93 cells). To evaluate the potential protective effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells injured by Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, an injury model was established by subjecting OLN-93 cells to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> exposed. Cell morphology was examined using an inverted microscope, while cell viability was assessed using the colorimetric method of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured using the pyruvic acid reduction assay. The Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) injection was used as a positive control. Results: A total of >95% of the MAG immunofluorescence-positive cells were identified as oligodendrocytes. Gradually increasing concentrations of SSFs impaired the cells, and the maximum nondetrimental dose for OLN-93 cells was 75 mg/L. This study assessed the effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells damaged by Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>. The results indicated that SSFs significantly improved OLN-93 cell morphological abnormal changes, increased the OLN-93 cell survival rate, and reduced LDH release. Conclusion: SSFs can alleviate Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced damage of OL.展开更多
The extracellular matrix surrounding oligodendrocytes plays an important role during myelination and remyelination in the brain.In many cases,the microenvironment surrounding demyelination lesions contains inhibitory ...The extracellular matrix surrounding oligodendrocytes plays an important role during myelination and remyelination in the brain.In many cases,the microenvironment surrounding demyelination lesions contains inhibitory molecules,which lead to repair failure.Accordingly,blocking the activity of these inhibitory factors in the extracellular matrix should lead to more successful remyelination.In the central nervous system,oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath.We performed primary cell culture and found that a natural increase in fibronectin promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors during the initial stage of remyelination while inhibiting oligodendrocyte differentiation.Poly-L-ornithine blocked these inhibitory effects without compromising fibronectin’s pro-proliferation function.Experiments showed that poly-L-ornithine activated the Erk1/2 signaling pathway that is necessary in the early stages of differentiation,as well as PI3K signaling pathways that are needed in the mid-late stages.When poly-L-ornithine was tested in a lysolecithin-induced animal model of focal demyelination,it enhanced myelin regeneration and promoted motor function recovery.These findings suggest that poly-L-ornithine has the potential to be a treatment option for clinical myelin sheath injury.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ23C090003 (to CZ)the Major Project on Brain Science and Analog Brain Research of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022ZD0204701 (to MQ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32170969 (to MQ)。
文摘Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22H090002,2014C33170)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171260,81641042,81471240)。
文摘General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.
文摘BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig2)expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.METHODS The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies(published up to October 2023)that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the metaanalysis.High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients[hazard ratio(HR):0.81;95%(confidence interval)CI:0.51-1.27;P=0.000].Furthermore,the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients(HR:1.34;95%CI:0.79-2.27)and better prognosis in Asian patients(HR:0.43;95%CI:0.22-0.84).The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR,and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.CONCLUSION High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients,and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen University Teaching Reform Fund,No.JG2023166the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Fund,No.JCYJ2022081802810022the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Basic Research Key Projects Fund,No.JCYJ20210324115800003.
文摘BACKGROUND Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-related disease have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection or its vaccination before disease onset.Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has been considered to be a trigger of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a 20-year male with MOG-associated transverse myelitis after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.The patient received a near-complete recovery after standard immunological treatments.CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the evaluation of typical or atypical neurological symptoms that may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071307(to HL),82271362(to HL),82171294(to JW),82371303(to JW),and 82301460(to PX)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20211552(to HL)+1 种基金Suzhou Medical Technology Innovation Project-Clinical Frontier,No.SKY2022002(to ZY)the Science and Education Foundation for Health of Suzhou for Youth,No.KJXW2023001(to XL)。
文摘Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe nerve damage.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death caused by membrane rupture induced by lipid peroxidation,and plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.However,there are few studies on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from GEO databases and identified a role of ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and myelin injury after cerebral ischemia.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that perilipin-2(PLIN2)was involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.PLIN2 is a lipid storage protein and a marker of hypoxia-sensitive lipid droplet accumulation.For further investigation,we established a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.We found significant myelin damage after cerebral ischemia,as well as oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and increased lipid peroxidation levels around the infarct area.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1,rescued oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and subsequent myelin injury.We also found increased PLIN2 levels in the peri-infarct area that co-localized with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Plin2 knockdown rescued demyelination and improved neurological deficits.Our findings suggest that targeting PLIN2 to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing myelin damage after cerebral ischemia.
文摘Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of flavonoids from the stem and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSFs) against Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced oligodendrocytes (OL) damage. Methods: Immunofluorescence was used for the detection of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a characteristic protein of rat oligodendrocytes (OLN-93 cells). To evaluate the potential protective effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells injured by Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, an injury model was established by subjecting OLN-93 cells to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> exposed. Cell morphology was examined using an inverted microscope, while cell viability was assessed using the colorimetric method of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured using the pyruvic acid reduction assay. The Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) injection was used as a positive control. Results: A total of >95% of the MAG immunofluorescence-positive cells were identified as oligodendrocytes. Gradually increasing concentrations of SSFs impaired the cells, and the maximum nondetrimental dose for OLN-93 cells was 75 mg/L. This study assessed the effects of SSFs on OLN-93 cells damaged by Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>. The results indicated that SSFs significantly improved OLN-93 cell morphological abnormal changes, increased the OLN-93 cell survival rate, and reduced LDH release. Conclusion: SSFs can alleviate Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced damage of OL.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Nos.81371338(to HF)and 82071369(PPY)。
文摘The extracellular matrix surrounding oligodendrocytes plays an important role during myelination and remyelination in the brain.In many cases,the microenvironment surrounding demyelination lesions contains inhibitory molecules,which lead to repair failure.Accordingly,blocking the activity of these inhibitory factors in the extracellular matrix should lead to more successful remyelination.In the central nervous system,oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath.We performed primary cell culture and found that a natural increase in fibronectin promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors during the initial stage of remyelination while inhibiting oligodendrocyte differentiation.Poly-L-ornithine blocked these inhibitory effects without compromising fibronectin’s pro-proliferation function.Experiments showed that poly-L-ornithine activated the Erk1/2 signaling pathway that is necessary in the early stages of differentiation,as well as PI3K signaling pathways that are needed in the mid-late stages.When poly-L-ornithine was tested in a lysolecithin-induced animal model of focal demyelination,it enhanced myelin regeneration and promoted motor function recovery.These findings suggest that poly-L-ornithine has the potential to be a treatment option for clinical myelin sheath injury.
