AlGaInP thin-film LED with omni-directionally reflector and ITO transparent conducting n-type contact

In this paper a novel A1GalnP thin-film light-emitting diode （LED） with omni-directionally reflector （ODR） and transparent conducting indium tin oxide （ITO） n-type contact structure is proposed, and fabrication process is developed. This reflector is realized with the combination of a low-refractive-index dielectric layer and a high reflectivity metal layer. This allows the light emitted or internally reflected downwardly towards the GaAs substrate at any angle of incidence to be reflected towards the top surface of the chip. ITO n-type contact is used for anti-reflection and current spreading layers on the ODR-LED with ITO. The sheet resistance of the ITO films （95 nm） deposited on n- ohmic contact of ODR-LED is of the order 23.5Ω/△ with up to 90% transmittance （above 92% for 590-770 nm） in the visible region of the spectrum. The optical and electrical characteristics of the ODR-LED with ITO are presented and compared to conventional AS-LED and ODR-LED without ITO. It is shown that the light output from the ODR-LED with ITO at forward current 20mA exceeds that of AS-LED and ODR-LED without ITO by about a factor of 1.63 and 0.16, respectively. A favourable luminous intensity of 218.3 mcd from the ODR-LED with ITO （peak wavelength 620 nm） could be obtained under 20 mA injection, which is 2.63 times and 1.21 times higher than that of AS-LED and ODR-LED without ITO, respectively.

GaInN light-emitting diodes with omni-directional reflector using nanoporous SnO_2 film

Enhancement of light extraction in a GaInN light-emitting diode （LED） employing an omni-directional reflector （ODR） consisting of GaN, SnO2 nanorod and an Ag layer was presented. The ODR comprises a transparent, quarterwave layer of SnO2 nanorod claded by silver and serves as an ohmic contact to p-type GaN. Transparent SnO2 sols were obtained by sol-gel method from SnCl2·2H2O, and SnO2 thin films were prepared by dip-coating technique. The average size of the spherical SnO2 particles obtained is 200 nm. The refractive index of the nanorod SnO2 film layer is 2.01. The GaInN LEDs with GaN/SnO2/Ag ODR show a lower forward voltage. This was attributed to the enhanced reflectivity of the ODR that employs the nanorod SnO2 film layer. Experimental results show that ODR-LEDs have lower optical losses and higher extraction efficiency as compared to conventional LEDs with Ni/Au contacts and conventional LEDs employing a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR）.

Metal reflector-enhanced thermoacoustic imaging as a guidance for puncture biopsy

Puncture biopsy is an important clinical technique to obtain diseased tissue for pathological diagnosis,where imaging guidance is critical.In this paper,we describe a metal reflector-enhanced microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging(TAI)approach capable of guiding puncture biopsy for detection of breast cancer and joint diseases.Numerical experimentations simulating puncture guidance in breast cancer and knee gout models werefirst conducted using(CST STUDIO SUITE)(CST)software,and then ex-vivo experiments were performed followed by qualitative observations and semi-quantitative analysis.The results of both the simulations and ex-vivo experiments showed that our reflector-enhanced TAI could image the puncture needle in high resolution with a large depth of>12 cm.

An angular blinking jamming method based on electronically controlled corner reflectors

Passive jamming is believed to have very good potential in countermeasure community.In this paper,a passive angular blinking jamming method based on electronically controlled corner reflectors is proposed.The amplitude of the incident wave can be modulated by switching the corner reflector between the penetration state and the reflection state,and the ensemble of multiple corner reflectors with towing rope can result in complex angle decoying effects.Dependency of the decoying effect on corner reflectors’radar cross section and positions are analyzed and simulated.Results show that the angle measured by a monopulse radar can be significantly interfered by this method while the automatic tracking is employed.

Three-dimensional Construction and Omni-directional Rolling Analysis of a Novel Frame-like Lattice Modular Robot

Lattice modular robots possess diversity actuation methods, such as electric telescopic rod, gear rack, magnet, robot arm, etc. The researches on lattice modular robots mainly focus on their hardware descriptions and reconfiguration algorithms. Meanwhile, their design architectures and actuation methods perform slow telescopic and moving speeds, relative low actuation force verse weight ratio, and without internal space to carry objects. To improve the mechanical performance and reveal the locomotion and reconfiguration binary essences of the lattice modular robots, a novel cube-shaped, frame-like, pneumatic-based reconfigurable robot module called pneumatic expandable cube（PE-Cube） is proposed. The three-dimensional（3D） expanding construction and omni-directional rolling analysis of the constructed robots are the main focuses. The PE-Cube with three degrees of freedom（Do Fs） is assembled by replacing the twelve edges of a cube with pneumatic cylinders. The proposed symmetric construction condition makes the constructed robots possess the same properties in each supporting state, and a binary control strategy cooperated with binary actuator（pneumatic cylinder） is directly adopted to control the PE-Cube. Taking an eight PE-Cube modules＇ construction as example, its dynamic rolling simulation, static rolling condition, and turning gait are illustrated and discussed. To testify telescopic synchronization, respond speed, locomotion feasibility, and repeatability and reliability of hardware system, an experimental pneumatic-based robotic system is built and the rolling and turning experiments of the eight PE-Cube modules＇ construction are carried out. As an extension, the locomotion feasibility of a thirty-two PE-Cube modules＇ construction is analyzed and proved, including dynamic rolling simulation, static rolling condition, and dynamic analysis in free tipping process. The proposed PE-Cube module, construction method, and locomotion analysis enrich the family of the lattice modular robot and provide the instruction to design the lattice modular robot.

Global Inverse Optimal Tracking Control of Underactuated Omni-directional Intelligent Navigators （ODINs）

This paper presents a design of optimal controllers with respect to a meaningful cost function to force an underactuated omni-directional intelligent navigator （ODIN） under unknown constant environmental loads to track a reference trajectory in two-dimensional space. Motivated by the vehicle＇s steering practice, the yaw angle regarded as a virtual control plus the surge thrust force are used to force the position of the vehicle to globally track its reference trajectory. The control design is based on several recent results developed for inverse optimal control and stability analysis of nonlinear systems, a new design of bounded disturbance observers, and backstepping and Lyapunov＇s direct methods. Both state- and output-feedback control designs are addressed. Simulations are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

A New Compact Omni-Directional Quasi-Self-Complementary Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems

This article describes a new miniaturized omni-directional antenna with quasi-self-complementary structure for wireless communication applications. A novel ground structure composed of five rectangular plates is proposed to enhance the impedance bandwidth and reduce the antenna size. The proposed antenna is comprised of two patches surrounded by the ground structure. Two metal patches of the antenna are located on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate. The feed patch is used to excite the radiation patch. This unique design is realized by properly choosing the suitable feed patch shape, selecting similar slot shape on the radiation patch, and tuning their dimensions. The proposed antenna with an extremely small size of 6 mm × 9 mm has an operating impedance bandwidth ranging from 4.5 to 6.1 GHz for S11 < -10 dB, which also covers the two IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network bands (5.15 - 5.35 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz). In addition to be very small in size, the antenna exhibits omni-directional radiation patterns in the entire operating bandwidth and low cross polarization. The distortionless time domain performance of the antenna is confirmed by investigation of the phase response and group delay. The obtained results in both frequency and time domain show that the proposed antenna is suitable for use in wireless communication systems.

基于双反射镜的2D-DIC变形测量系统开发

二维数字图像相关(two-dimensional digital image correlation,2D-DIC)在测量过程中不可避免地会出现相机光轴与测量表面非垂直,由此产生的离面位移而将导致较大的测量误差,同时在视场受限的环境中难以通过单台相机完成大范围的变形测量。有鉴于此,该文开发了基于双反射镜的2D-DIC变形测量系统,使用双反射镜成像缓解离面运动对2D-DIC的影响,通过可移动相机实现小视场下的图像采集,提出基于频域移位的高精度图像拼接方法,并改进了融合函数,最终获得试样的高分辨率图像。单轴拉伸实验结果表明,轴向应变的平均相对误差相比传统2D-DIC方法降低12.82%,测量分辨率提高约34.92%,验证了测量系统的可行性和有效性。

水下多格弹性角反射体声反射特性及强度增强方法

单格角反射体只能反射一定方向的入射波,为了反射不同方向入射声波,需要构造多格角反射体并研究其声反射特性。以不同类型八格金属板角反射体为对象,基于结构有限元耦合间接边界元法,对水下多格弹性角反射体的散射声场进行数值仿真,分析不同频率、材料、厚度、入射角度等因素影响下不同类型多格角反射体声反射性能,从便于工程应用角度提出增强其声反射能力的方法。通过典型情况下的水池实验,对仿真计算与实验数据的一致性进行验证。实验结果表明:水下多格弹性角反射体目标强度随入射频率增大而增大,并趋向稳定;目标强度随入射角度改变波动幅度较大,不同类型角反射体目标强度值差异较大;目标强度随平板厚度的增加而增大,但不显著;目标强度随着边长的增加而明显增大;软介质材料构成的多格角反射体,水下声反射性能明显优于金属角反射体。因此,为增强水下多格角反射体声反射能力,增大反射体边长及选用低阻抗材料是更有效的方法。

小尺度靶丸冲击波调控的冲击波测量技术优化及应用

激光聚变研究中,冲击波调控技术是实现靶丸压缩过程的熵增调谐,保证高性能内爆的关键实验技术.本文在十万焦耳激光装置上首次实现了0.375 mm半径小尺度内爆靶丸下双台阶辐射驱动的高精度冲击波调控实验测量.针对小靶丸下任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)诊断有效反射区域不足的问题,通过建立的球形反射面VISAR图像光强的理论计算方法,提出了利用锁孔(keyhole)锥反射效应提升VISAR诊断空间区域的实验技术路线,使得小靶丸尺度下有效VISAR数据区域提升了近3倍.在实验中首次获得了整形内爆实验条件下低温液氘靶的冲击波测量实验数据,实现了高精度冲击波调控实验测量.实验发现,小时空尺度内爆设计条件下,由于反射冲击波的作用,激光参数的较小偏差都会对冲击波追赶后的传输行为产生显著影响,揭示了我国当前小靶丸尺度下高性能整形内爆物理过程中冲击波传输的多因素敏感性,以及冲击波调控实验对于内爆设计验证的重要性.本文提出的小靶丸冲击波调控实验技术,不仅为我国十万焦耳激光装置上整形脉冲下熵增调谐实验的开展提供了技术基础,也对基于球汇聚压缩的超高压物理研究具有重要意义.

一种基于ASME V的管状校准试块的优化

通过结合ASME V第4章中关于超声波检测对于管状校准试块的技术要求,介绍了一种基于ASME V的管状校准试块的优化,主要优化了管状校准试块的样式、管径及其加工、试块厚度、反射体、长度、端头型式等参数,优化设计后能够减少试块的数量和质量,利于携带,对工程实践应用有一定的实用价值。

声波测井成像图中的反射体自动精确识别

针对声波测井成像图噪声多、图像模糊导致的反射体自动识别困难、依赖专家识别、费时耗力等问题,提出反射体自动识别方法。通过高斯混合模型将像素点按颜色进行聚类,拆分为多通道子图,筛选有效子图进行组合;基于局部连通性进行粗降噪;以连通区域内像素点数量为基准进行精细降噪,最终完成反射体区域的像素级精确识别。整个过程完全自动化,在油田开发所用声波成像图上进行实验,实现反射体区域像素级精确识别,极大地提高了开发效率。

高功率激光辐照下光学天线的像质研究

离轴两反光学天线在高功率激光系统中起到改变光束直径的作用,而高功率激光加载下所产生的热效应使光学天线的像质劣化,严重影响高功率激光系统的性能。为量化其影响效果,建立了离轴两反光学天线的有限元分析模型,模拟高功率激光作用环境,完成了激光加载下的瞬态热分析以及静力学分析,并得到离轴两反光学天线激光加载时间对波前劣化的影响关系。使用齐次坐标变换的方法求解离轴主次镜的刚体位移,具体分析了各项刚体位移随加载时间的变化情况。通过Zernike多项式拟合的方法完成了镜面的波面拟合,将拟合结果导入ZEMAX中,最终得到了该光学天线在平均功率为1 000 W,重频为0.2 Hz,入光直径为30 mm的激光加载300 s下的波前均方差为0.064 6λ。为了进一步验证模型的准确性,使用较低功率(10 W)激光进行原理等效实验,结果表明光学天线在激光加载下实际波像差与模型仿真结果基本相符,偏差小于7.93%,该方法可以有效评价离轴两反天线在高功率激光加载下的像质劣化情况。

基于漏纵波模式的高频宽带低插损滤波器设计

采用常规的瑞利声表面波设计低插损、大带宽的高频声表滤波器,难以满足设计要求。该文设计了一种基于多层膜结构的漏纵波(LLSAW)的高频宽带低损耗声表面波(SAW)滤波器。确定了激发LLSAW的波导结构,建立器件的二维理论模型;研究了电极各项参数对杂散的影响,在此基础上对电极参数进行了优化设计。研究发现,将串联谐振器的反射栅对数设置为6时,可有效抑制通带内的杂散。设计了镜像T型及镜像π型LLSAW结构滤波器,并进行性能比较分析。结果表明,镜像T型结构更能抑制杂散响应,设计的镜像T型结构LLSAW滤波器的中心频率为3545 MHz,插入损耗为-1.416 dB,-3 dB带宽为274 MHz,带外抑制大于-30 dB。

OBN地震数据成像处理基本逻辑与关键方法技术

海洋油气勘探逐渐进入深水深层勘探领域,地下地质构造复杂(横向变速剧烈)、目标油藏复杂(由以构造油气藏为主转向构造与地层岩性油气藏并重),同时还可能伴随海底地形及附近岩性的复杂变化,所有因素促使海洋油气地震勘探技术不断变革。提高海洋油气勘探效益的首要问题是发展尽可能满足高精度地震波成像需求的地震数据采集技术及对应的高精度地震波成像技术。当前,无论海上和陆上油气地震勘探,“两宽一高”地震数据采集技术和全波形反演(FWI)/最小二乘逆时偏移(LS_RTM)为代表的地震波成像技术是标志性的领先技术。海上油气地震勘探中,海底节点(OBN)地震数据采集是目前业界公认的、最有可能真正实现“两宽一高”地震数据采集的技术。与拖缆数据采集相比,OBN数据采集具有宽方位照明、数据信噪比高、无检端鬼波、存在实测的(至少一阶自由表面相关)下行波场、四分量观测等优点。尤其是宽方位照明和存在至少一阶自由表面下行波场的特点,使得OBN数据具备了对中深层复杂构造和近海底介质进行高精度成像的能力。着重讨论了高精度地震波成像对地震数据采集的要求,指出OBN数据采集在海洋油气勘探中的必要性;分析了OBN数据采集的地震波场的特点,据此提出OBN数据地震波成像处理的基本逻辑及相应的关键技术;认为海洋油气勘探中地震波成像处理的特殊问题主要由特征反射层引起,海水面、海底面和地下介质中若干强反射层构成了这些特征反射层,提出了模型驱动波动理论特征反射层相关多次波预测与压制的技术路线,并对比了几种代表性的多次波预测的基础理论;指出对应当前的线性化偏移成像算子叠前数据域与叠前成像域是等价的,据此以成像道集后处理为中心,给出期望成像道集的定义,将弱旁瓣、定量的反射系数作为保真高分辨地震波成像的目标,在两个域中尽可能完美实现地下同一反(绕/散)射点、不同炮检距反(绕/散)射子波的同相位叠加,尽可能好地实现保真高分辨带限反射系数的成像;提出最好把带限反射系数成像推进到宽带波阻抗成像的技术路线;结合OBN数据的特点,给出了OBN数据地震波成像处理的基本技术流程,指出各环节的关键方法技术。最后,针对OBN数据四分量观测的特点,指出是实际观测的多波地震波场中的波现象(主要是P_SV波)与地震波传播及模拟理论不匹配导致了当前多波成像结果达不到预期,建议重点研究实际观测的多波地震波场中的波现象与地震波传播及模拟理论不匹配的物理根源,而不是发展更高端的矢量波成像算法。期望本文的思想观点对OBN地震勘探在海洋油气勘探中的进一步应用产生积极的促进作用。

环境风载荷下大口径反射面天线波束指向分析

大口径反射面天线是深空探测、卫星通信的关键设备。为了不断提高观测性能,天线口径不断增大,进而对天线指向精度的要求越来越高。随着天线口径的增大,天线的刚度降低、迎风面积增大,这会导致天线的柔性变形严重,性能难以保证。为探究环境风载荷下大口径反射面天线的柔性变形对电性能的影响,提出了一种天线波束指向分析模型。首先,利用计算流体力学方法对天线表面的风压分布情况进行了数值模拟,得到了天线表面的风压系数。然后,利用风压系数与风速无关的特性,分析了不同风速工况下天线结构变形的规律。最后,根据天线结构变形的特点,分析了天线在不同工作状态下的增益损失、指向偏差等的变化规律。结果表明,所提出的模型可以快速评估大口径反射面天线在风载荷下的变形情况和波束指向特性,这为后续的天线抗风结构设计与系统控制研究提供了理论指导。

Modeling and analysis of azimuthal AVO responses from a viscoelastic anisotropic reflector

We propose a method for mOdeling azimuthal AVO responses from a fractured i reflector. The method calculates the integrated reflected wavetrains, and the wavetrains contain elastodynamic information including the contrast in impedance and anelasticity i across interfaces, the intemal anisotropic propagation, the dispersion and attenuation along i the wave path, and tuning and interference. The results suggest that for large angles of incidence, the velocity dispersion and attenuation increase the amplitudes of PP waves from the top and decrease those from the bottom. For azimuthal responses at specific angles of incidence, the reflected wavetrains of PP waves tend to have longer duration with increasing azimuth. In contrast, model-converted PSV and PSH reflections show stable azimuthal features and are less affected by the reflector thickness. The amplitudes of PSV reflections increase with increasing azimuth; moreover, the waves have no reflection energy at 0° and 90° azimuth and maximum amplitude at 45° azimuth.

532 nm响应增强的AlGaAs光电阴极

AlGaAs光电阴极具有响应速度快和光谱响应范围可调的特性,可被应用于水下光通信领域.为了解决AlGaAs发射层较低的光吸收限制其量子效率提高的问题,利用分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR)结构对特定波长光的反射作用,将透过光重新反射回发射层进一步提高吸收率,从而增强阴极在532 nm波长处的响应能力.通过求解一维连续性方程,建立了具有DBR结构的AlGaAs光电阴极光谱响应模型.采用时域有限差分法,分析了DBR结构中子层周期对数、子层材料以及发射层、缓冲层厚度对发射层吸收率的影响,对比了有无DBR结构AlGaAs光电阴极的光吸收分布.结果表明,周期对数为20、子层材料为Al_(0.7)Ga_(0.3)As/AlAs的DBR结构对532 nm光的反射效果最优.基于该DBR结构,发射层和缓冲层厚度分别为495 nm和50 nm时,发射层对532 nm光具有最佳吸收率.通过对外延生长的AlGaAs光电阴极进行激活实验,结果表明具有DBR结构的AlGaAs光电阴极在532 nm波长处的光谱响应率相比无DBR结构的AlGaAs光电阴极光谱响应率提升了约1倍.

飞秒激光系统相位延迟反射镜的研制

为了对飞秒激光系统的群延迟色散(group-delay dispersion,GDD)进行调控,设计并制备了相位延迟反射镜。本文系统地研究了相位延迟反射镜补偿群延迟色散原理,使用Nb2O5和SiO2作为高低折射率材料,并采用将相位延迟反射镜与其互补镜配对的方式平缓了群延迟色散曲线,制备出了相位调控数据为-800 fs2的相位延迟反射镜。该反射镜在900~1100 nm范围内的反射率达到99%以上,解决了飞秒激光系统带宽调节的问题,满足飞秒激光器的使用要求。

基于极化与距离像特征融合的雷达导引头角反射器鉴别方法

角反射器形成的强假目标干扰给反舰导弹雷达导引头目标识别带来了严峻的挑战。为提高反舰导弹雷达导引头抗冲淡式角反射器干扰能力,提出一种基于极化与高分辨距离像(high resolution range profile,HRRP)多特征融合的角反射器鉴别方法。结合3种场景下的实验数据,首先从海杂波中提取雷达导引头目标回波信号;其次,分析了角反和舰船回波的峰值个数、径向尺寸等5个距离像特征,以及极化相关系数均值等3个极化特征。实验数据处理结果表明,舰船与单个角反特征差异明显,与阵列角反特征差异减小;然后利用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)方法,基于实验数据设计5组测试,分别检验了单特征和多特征融合的鉴别性能。测试结果表明,单特征鉴别方法性能不稳定,而所提出的三特征融合鉴别方法更具稳健性,在5组测试中鉴别准确率均达到92.86%以上。