Design and implementation of model test installation of heave compensation system of deepsea mining

In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy,heave compensation model tests were performed.The model test installation includes themining ship motion simulator,the heave compensation system,the lifting pipe simulator,the buffer simulator and the water pool.The tests ofmining ship motion simulator show that it is able to perform under the predetermined attitude path smoothly and can meet the requirements of themining ship motions.The heave compensation effect is more than 60% under random wave and the goal is set to be 50%.The model test results indicate that this heave compensation system is effective and feasible.

Design and Research of Active Heave Compensation System Based on Laser Ranging Sensor

Marine resource exploitation and marine cargo transportation were increasingly frequent. Due to the impact of the marine environment, ships or platforms were affected. In this paper, a servo electric cylinder was used as a wave compensation actuator to design a wave compensation system. The laser sensor was used to measure the displacement in the direction of the heave platform, and the obtained displacement was applied to the wave compensation in the heave direction to verify the feasibility of the compensation system.

Wave Heave Compensation Based on An Optimized Backstepping Control Method

The vessel heave motion caused by wave action increases the difficulty of installing offshore wind equipment.On-board wave heave compensation devices have therefore become increasingly critical in ensuring the stability and safety of the gangway and working platform.This study accordingly improves the compensation effect of such devices by developing a wave heave compensation model and designing an optimized backstepping control method.First,a model of the compensation system including the servo motor and electric cylinder is established by using the mechanism method.Second,a backstepping control method is designed to track the vessel heave motion,and particle swarm optimization is applied to optimize the control parameters.Finally,MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the application of the optimized backstepping controller,then regular and irregular heave motions are applied as input to a Stewart platform to evaluate the effectiveness of the control method.The experimental results show that the compensation efficiency provided by the proposed optimized backstepping control method is larger than 75.0%.

Disturbance Observer Based Sliding Mode Controller Design for Heave Motion of Surface Effect Ships

In order to damp the heave motion of surface effect ships(SESs),a sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer was designed.At first,a disturbance observer was proposed to estimate the unknown time-varying disturbance acting on SESs due to waves.Then,based on the disturbance,a slide mode controller was designed to minimize the magnitude of SES's heave motion position.It was theoretically proved that the designed sliding mode controller with the disturbance observer could guarantee the stability of the closed-loop heave motion control system of SESs.Simulations on a Norwegian Navy's SES were carried out and the simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller with the disturbance observer.

A Direct Compensative Robust Optimal Control (DCROC) Law for Ship Straight-line Track-keeping

A linear quadratic optimal direct track-keeping control law was proposed based on first-order Nomoto nominal model. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov stabilized theory, considering parametric uncertainty from variations of ship speed and disturbances uncertain from wind, wave and sea current, a direct compensative robust optimal control (DCROC) law was developed. It can guarantee closed-loop system globally and uniformly converge to a remained set. High accuracy and robustness were achieved. By introducing some nonlinear blocks, closed-loop system achieves global and uniform asymptotical stableness. Numerical simulations on a Mariner Class ship are presented to validate the control law.

深海起重机升沉补偿滑模预测控制

受海浪、风力等因素的干扰,深海起重机升沉补偿系统的响应速度缓慢,系统对于负载位移的控制精度较差。为了提高升沉补偿系统响应速度与系统对负载位移的控制精度,保证起重机在各种海况下正常作业,提出了基于CNN-LSTM深度学习网络的滑模预测控制方法。首先,将CNN网络与LSTM网络结合,建立CNN-LSTM深度学习网络控制系统预测模型。其次,通过参考位移与实际位移的误差建立滑模面,并根据幂次函数设计滑模面参考轨迹;采用粒子群算法(PSO)对性能指标进行寻优,得出控制律,根据控制律控制负载实际位移跟随参考位移。最后,进行了仿真研究。结果表明与传统模型预测控制相比,在该方法的控制作用下,系统的响应速度更快,系统对负载位移的控制精度更高,系统的鲁棒性能更强。

三自由度绳驱动波浪补偿装置的动力学建模与振动特性分析

受波浪运动的影响,在使用起重机进行海上补给作业的过程中,吊具容易产生不良运动,严重影响了补给作业的效率和安全性。为实现船用起重机在横摇、纵摇和升沉方向上的波浪补偿功能,提出了一种三自由度绳驱动波浪补偿装置;首先,考虑到不均匀装载工况,基于Newton-Euler法建立了补偿装置的动力学模型,并通过Adams虚拟样机仿真验证了数学模型的正确性;其次,对不均匀装载工况下的绳索张力分布情况进行分析,得到了吊具重心位置的危险分布区域;再次,采用特征值法求解补偿装置的一阶固有频率,得到了载荷质量、绳索刚度以及吊具位姿对补偿装置一阶固有频率的影响规律;最后,在理论分析的基础上,通过试验验证了补偿方案的可行性,并证明了数学模型的正确性。

海上搜救打捞装备发展研究

搜救打捞是海上安全的最后一道防线,为国家综合运输体系建设、海洋经济可持续发展提供可靠保障;搜救打捞装备是履行海上人员安全、环境安全、财产救助、应急抢险打捞等公益性职责,保障国家海上物流供应链安全的重要支撑。本文从目标搜寻定位与探测装备、海上人命救助装备、海上环境救助装备、打捞工程专用装备四方面着手,全面梳理了国外海上搜救打捞装备的发展现状,以及我国海上搜救打捞装备的研制与应用进展。与国外发达国家相比,我国海上搜救打捞装备发展存在搜寻定位装备落后、海上人命救助能力不强、危化品处置能力较低、大吨位沉船打捞能力薄弱等问题。在进一步辨识海上搜救打捞装备发展前沿的基础上,提出了加大关键装备的研发投入、推动搜救打捞装备的升级迭代、强化科技创新能力以提升装备智能化水平、部署搜救打捞技术装备攻关工程、提供相应产业政策支持等建议,以期促进我国海上搜救打捞装备高质量发展。

一种自适应滤波与干扰观测器相结合的大型舰船状态估计算法

为满足航母等大型舰船目标的状态估计要求,提出一种由非线性干扰观测器和强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波算法融合形成的交互多模型强补偿容积卡尔曼滤波算法。引入非线性干扰观测器,完成由外界不确定因素引起的干扰总量的估计,并对观测器稳定性进行证明。使用估计的干扰值实时修正强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波的过程参数,最终形成交互多模型强补偿容积卡尔曼滤波算法,完成对目标状态相对准确的估计。研究结果表明:新提出的滤波算法能够较为准确地完成对目标状态的估计,与变结构多模型粒子滤波算法、变结构多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波算法和交互多模型强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波算法相比,在目标位置和速度估计上具有更高的估计精度。

Feasibility Study on Recovering Human-Occupied Vehicle with An Offshore Crane

Launching and recovering human-occupied vehicles(HOVs)has always been a challenging problem.The current recovery process requires staff to manually complete the tethering task,which is inefficient and endangers the lives of staff.This paper suggests moving the recovery position from the surface to underwater at approximately half the wavelength of the water depth(30−50 m underwater),where the HOV experiences less environmental disturbance.An ROV equipped with a ultra-short baseline beacon(USBL)and a manipulator was used to complete the tethering operation.Additionally,a shackle customized to the shape of the manipulator’s gripper is fitted to the end of the cable to simplify the tethering process.To investigate the dynamic response of recovering the HOV using this suggested method,a comprehensive numerical model is developed in this research.The effects of wind,surface waves,ocean currents,and nonlinear interaction between the installation vessel and the HOV are quantitatively examined.The results show that the proposed recovery method can reduce the motion amplitude of the HOV and that the wave has the greatest influence on the dynamic response of the HOV during the recovery process.This model provides better insight into the proposed HOV recovery method and confirms the effectiveness of the heave compensation system.The proposed approach aims to enhance safety and operational efficiency by reducing direct human involvement in the recovery process and mitigating potential dangers.This finding holds particular significance,especially in environmentally sensitive areas,where reducing the impact on the surrounding ecosystem is crucial.

一种窄波束测控装备车船摇隔离方法

针对车载/船载状态下的窄波束测控装备的“动中测”测控需求,提出一种“位置环+车船摇前馈补偿+陀螺稳定环”的车船摇隔离方法,并对该方法的船摇隔离度和车摇隔离度分别进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明,采用该方法时,船摇隔离度能达到50 dB以上,车摇隔离度能达到20 dB以上;利用该方法对船摇条件下的高速运动目标跟踪性能进行仿真,仿真结果表明,跟踪误差满足窄波束测控装备的跟踪要求。

半主动升沉补偿系统的预测控制与联合仿真分析

针对半主动升沉补偿系统响应滞后和非线性时变的特点,提出半主动升沉补偿系统的预测控制与联合仿真分析。以PSO-BiLSTM模型预测的船舶升沉位移作为控制信号输入,Terminal滑模控制器控制复合液压缸,补偿负载因船舶运动产生的升沉位移。建立AMESim-Simulink联合仿真系统,对比有无预测模型下的3种控制补偿性能,验证了采用PSO-BiLSTM预测算法的Terminal滑模控制半主动升沉补偿系统效果良好,补偿率可达95.63%,比PID控制和普通滑模控制分别提高11.07%和5.51%。仿真结果表明,精确的预测数据作为控制输入,可以有效地缩短响应时滞,提高位移补偿精度。

船源性海洋生态环境损害的惩罚性赔偿制度研究

船舶活动可能引发海洋生态环境损害,这就需要制定和完善船源性海洋生态环境损害的惩罚性赔偿制度。目的在于通过经济手段鼓励相关责任人更加谨慎地操作船只,减少对海洋生态环境的损害。结合船源性海洋生态环境损害的特点,论述惩罚性赔偿制度的基本理论,分析惩罚性赔偿责任的履行原则及构成要件,并提出我国船源性海洋生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度的完善建议,以期为保护海洋生态环境提供更有力的法律支持。

主动波浪补偿起重机控制系统设计

为实现用于船—船并靠补给起重机的主动波浪补偿功能,文章提出了一种基于双船动态姿态测量的控制方法,并根据该方法设计了控制系统应用于50 t主动波浪补偿起重机。经过工厂试验和海事试验验证,起重机的补偿精度达到了95%。

一种新型桥式抓斗卸船机

文中介绍一种新型桥式抓斗卸船机,阐述了其工作原理及总体布局。有别于当前常用的抓斗卸船机,新型桥式抓斗卸船机采用双小车异向运动补偿方式,抓斗机构采用标准减速器,实现了抓斗卸船机的抓斗小车运动、工作功能。性能特点较佳,综合性能较好,具有一定的应用推广价值。

我国船舶污染损害赔偿机制完善研究

按照发生原因、等级、季节、损害情况等要素对2009年以来发生的船舶污染事故进行梳理,并对船舶油污损害赔偿基金理赔案件情况进行了分析。以此为基础,对有关污染事故发生后的索赔工作以及如何完善我国船舶污染损害赔偿机制提出了建议。

Adaptive Robust Control for an Active Heave Compensation System

Active heave compensation systems are usually employed in offshore and deep-sea operations to reduce the adverse impact of unexpected vessel’s vertical motion on the response of underwater instruments.This paper presents a control strategy for an active heave compensation system consisting of an electro-hydraulic system driven by a double rod actuator,which is subjected to parametric uncertainties and unmeasured environmental disturbances.Adaptive observer and discontinuous projection type updating law with bounded adaption rate are presented firstly to estimate the uncertain system parameters.Then a similar estimation algorithm is designed by using a multiple delayed version of the system to enhance the performance of parameter observation.A reduced order observer is also introduced to estimate unknown wave disturbances.Using the obtained uncertainty information,the resulting control development and stability analysis are implemented based on the Lyapunov’s direct method and back-stepping technique.The proposed controller guarantees the heave compensation error convergent to a bounded neighborhood around the origin.Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

移动互联技术在多船舶通信目标定位中的应用

船舶通信目标定位为船舶导航、避障等提供技术支持,为保障船舶通信目标定位较为准确,研究移动互联技术在多船舶通信目标定位中的应用方法。该方法利用基于移动互联技术的相邻船舶通信节点距离计算方法,获得船舶通信节点距离后,通过计算船舶通信节点距离与距离误差之间关系,并对其求导后得到距离误差补偿量,对多船舶通信节点距离误差实施补偿。以补偿结果为基础,使用基于单移动信标的多船舶通信目标定位方法实现多船舶通信目标定位。实验结果表明,该方法可有效计算船舶通信节点距离并对其误差进行有效补偿,并在不同多船舶环境情况下有效对通信目标进行定位,具备较好的应用效果。

基于AMESim的采矿船升沉补偿系统能耗分析

因为浪涌产生的升沉运动会对采矿船的作业造成巨大的负面影响,所以需要升沉补偿系统来保障采矿船作业的安全性和稳定性。升沉补偿系统可分为被动式、主动式和主被动式,主被动式是主动模块和被动模块的结合。针对被动式补偿精度不高、主动式系统能耗过大的缺点,设计一套主被动升沉补偿系统,利用AMESim软件搭建2 MN主被动升沉补偿模型,并与相关试验结合,先证明建立的仿真模型是可信的,然后在不同负载、不同波浪周期、不同波浪幅值下模拟主被动升沉补偿系统主动模块能耗功率特性。结果表明:主动补偿模块功率的平均贡献比在20%左右,被动补偿模块承担约80%,体现了主被动升沉补偿系统的节能性。