DID YOU KNOW...? Facts and figures on water and sanitation

Water-related diseases,including diarrhea,are a leading cause of death in children of developing countries.However,they can be prevented and controlled by improving access to safe drinking water and sanitation,

Zhouzhuang:Life on Water

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Metal-free construction of diverse 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines on water

A transition-metal-and oxidant-free amination/cyclization reaction to access 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines was realized in water by using amino diphenylphosphinate as amino source.A broad array of readily accessible N-(pyridyl)amides could be converted into the products featuring a diverse set of functional groups.The sustainable methodology was successfully applied to the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drugs.

“One Water”理念下的城市内涝防治对策思考

随着极端天气频发,暴雨天气概率增加,给城市内涝防治工作带来严峻挑战。“One Water”理念是指用维度提升法来系统做好城市内涝防治工作,除了实现城市排水安全,还要实现城市水资源科学利用、水环境持续改善、水生态有效修复等综合目标。分析了导致城市内涝的三方面原因:因洪致涝、长历时和短历时强降雨致涝;探讨了“One Water”理念下城市内涝防治目标;提出了“绿、灰、蓝、管”的具体措施。

On Water： Bronsted Acidic Ionic Liquid [（CH2）4SO3HMIM][HSO4] Catalysed Synthesis of Oxindoles Derivatives

Some oxindoles derivatives are synthesized from the condensation of indoles with isatins in the presence of green and recycable catalyst [（CH2）4SO3HMIM] [HSO4] in water at room temperature.

“On Water”Effect for Green Click Reaction:Spontaneous Polymerization of Activated Alkyne with“Inert”Aromatic Amine in Aqueous Media

Organic reactions in water have attracted great attention due to their advantages such as unique reaction performance and environmental friendliness.Organic reactions as well as polymerizations in aqueous media have been extensively investigated,and so far,there has been a massive amount of reporting about polymerizations in water.However,reports about click polymerization in water have been rare.Herein,click polymerization of activated alkyne and aromatic amine in aqueous media is developed.The“on water”effect facilitates polymerization in aqueous media better than in organic solvents,and its mechanism is deciphered through experimental data and theoretical calculations.Water participates in the reaction and reduces the energy barrier to some extent.Besides,polymerization makes it possible for aromatic amine with low reactivity to be linked.By using this strategy,polymers with high molecular weights can be obtained in high yields(up to 95.4%).They show good thermal stability and high refractivity.They can be photodegraded.The polymers with tetraphenylethylene moieties show aggregation-induced emission and can be used as materials for generating photopatterns and visualizing agents for specific staining of lysosome in living cells.

News:The 595^(th) Session of the Xiangshan Science Conferences focused on water disinfection by-products

The 595th session of the Xiangshan Science Conferences was recently held in Fragrant Hill Hotel,Beijing,on May 22-23,2017.The theme of this highly successful session was on＂Health Risk ad Control of Disinfection By-products（DBPs）in China＂.More than fifty prominent scientists from Australia,Canada,China,and the United States actively participated in the two-day meeting and engaged in lively discussions.

32nd International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies(IWWWFB2017)

The Thirty-Second Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies was held in Dalian from April23-26,2017,and hosted by State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology（DUT）.IWWWFB2017 attracts over90 participants from 17 countries,in which 65participants from abroad.

How Mosquitoes Walk on Water and Up Walls

Mosquitoes may be annoying,disease-carrying, blood-sucking pests,but they have a pair of talents that no other animal has:They can both walk up walls and walk on water,and a new study reveals exactly how they manage these circus feats.

Highly efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones catalyzed by heteropoly acids in water

Heteropoly acids efficiently catalyzed the cyclocondensation reaction of anthranilamide with aldehydes in water at ambient temperature and afforded the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4（1H）-quinazolinones compounds in good to excellent yields.This method provides mild reaction conditions and clean reaction profiles,using a small quantity of catalyst and a simple workup procedure.

Study on Sustainable Rainwater Resource Utilization—Towards Deepening of Homo Environmentics

This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A consideration regarding sustainable rainwater resource utilization has been described and the main results are summarized in the paper.

Groundwater Leakage and River Runoff in a Catchment Influenced by Tectonic Movement

In order to clarify how groundwater leakage and river runoff occur in a catchment under tectonic movement, the water balance was estimated in the forested (88.3% in area) Oikamanai River catchment (area, 62.6 km2), Hokkaido, Japan. The catchment’s geology is early Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary bedrock of partly high permeability, accompanied by currently active faults. Daily evapotranspiration, E, in water balance was calculated by applying the one-layer model to meteorological data in the rainfall season of 2011 and 2012, with the topographic influence on heat balance of the catchment considered. The coupling with the short-term water balance method for river runoff events allows us to estimate groundwater leaking to the other catchments through the faults and bedrock. As a result, the leakage corresponded to 50% - 80% of effective rainfall (=P - E: P, rainfall) in 2011, whereas it was lower or negative in 2012. The estimate of leakage then included variability of ca. 80%. In 2012, shallow groundwater storage seems to retain high baseflow during non-rainfall.

Application of SWAT99.2 to sensitivity analysis of water balance components in unique plots in a hilly region

Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of percolation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was calibrated to simulate water balance components for unique plots in Southern China from 2000 to 2001, which included surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters classified into four categories, including meteorological conditions, topographical characteristics, soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the factor that contributed most to the variance in water balance components. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indices and ranks varying for different water balance components. Water balance components in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorological conditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographical characteristics. Compared to those in the natural grass plot, water balance components in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal conductance(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).

On solitary waves.Part 2 A unified perturbation theory for higher-order waves

A unified perturbation theory is developed here for calculating solitary waves of all heights by series expansion of base flow variables in powers of a small base parameter to eighteenth order for the one-parameter family of solutions in exact form, with all the coefficients determined in rational numbers. Comparative studies are pursued to investigate the effects due to changes of base parameters on （i） the accuracy of the theoretically predicted wave properties and （ii） the rate of convergence of perturbation expansion. Two important results are found by comparisons between the theoretical predictions based on a set of parameters separately adopted for expansion in turn. First, the accuracy and the convergence of the perturbation expansions, appraised versus the exact solution provided by an earlier paper [1] as the standard reference, are found to depend, quite sensitively, on changes in base parameter. The resulting variations in the solution are physically displayed in various wave properties with differences found dependent on which property （e.g. the wave amplitude, speed, its profile, excess mass, momentum, and energy）, on what range in value of the base, and on the rank of the order n in the expansion being addressed. Secondly, regarding convergence, the present perturbation series is found definitely asymptotic in nature, with the relative error δ （n） （the relative mean-square difference between successive orders n of wave elevations） reaching a minimum, δm at a specific order, n = n both depending on the base adopted, e.g. nm,α= 11-12 based on parameter α （wave amplitude）, nm,δ = 15 on δ （amplitude-speed square ratio）, and nm.ε= 17 on ε （ wave number squared）. The asymptotic range is brought to completion by the highest order of n = 18 reached in this work.

A unified intrinsic functional expansion theory for solitary waves

A new theory is developed here for evaluating solitary waves on water, with results of high accuracy uniformly valid for waves of all heights, from the highest wave with a corner crest of 120 down to very low ones of diminishing height. Solutions are sought for the Euler model by employing a unified expansion of the logarithmic hodograph in terms of a set of intrinsic component functions analytically determined to represent all the intrinsic properties of the wave entity from the wave crest to its outskirts. The unknown coefficients in the expansion are determined by minimization of the mean-square error of the solution, with the minimization optimized so as to take as few terms as needed to attain results as high in accuracy as attainable. In this regard, Stokess formula, F2= tan , relating the wave speed (the Froude number F) and the logarithmic decrement of its wave field in the outskirt, is generalized to establish a new criterion requiring (for minimizing solution error) the functional expansion to contain a finite power series in M terms of Stokess basic term (singular in ), such that 2M is just somewhat beyond unity, i.e. 2M1. This fundamental criterion is fully validated by solutions for waves of various amplitude-to-water depth ratio =a/h, especially about 0.01, at which M=10 by the criterion. In this pursuit, the class of dwarf solitary waves, defined for waves with 0.01, is discovered as a group of problems more challenging than even the highest wave. For the highest wave, a new solution is determined here to give the maximum height hst=0.8331990, and speed Fhst=1.290890, accurate to the last significant figure, which seems to be a new record.

A high maneuvering motion strategy and stable control method for tandem twin-rotor aerial-aquatic vehicles near the water surface

The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV,inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface.The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategybased ADRC control method for validation,comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method.The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability.The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height,pitch angle,and reducing impact force.This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.

The City Culture and Regional Feature of Osaka

Introduced is the regional feature and development plan of Osaka in Japan with statistic at figures. The paper makes an analysis of the meaning of regional architecture with balanced consideration of modern technology and social development based on its homeland.

Method of coupling 1-D unsaturated flow with 3-D saturated flow on large scale

A coupled unsaturated-saturated water flow numerical model was developed. The water flow in the unsaturated zone is considered the one-dimensional vertical flow, which changes in the horizontal direction according to the groundwater table and the atmospheric boundary conditions. The groundwater flow is treated as the three-dimensional water flow. The recharge flux to groundwater from soil water is considered the bottom flux for the numerical simulation in the unsaturated zone, and the upper flux for the groundwater simulation. It connects and unites the two separated water flow systems. The soil water equation is solved based on the assumed groundwater table.and the subsequent predicted recharge flux. Then, the groundwater equation is solved with the predicted recharge flux as the upper boundary condition. Iteration continues until the discrepancy between the assumed and calculated groundwater nodal heads have a certain accuracy. Illustrative examples with different water flow scenarios regar.ding the Dirichlet boundary condition, the Neumann boundary condition, the a.tmospheric boundary condition, and the source or sink term were calculated by the coupled model. The results are compared with those of other models, including Hydrus-lD, SWMS-2D, and FEFLOW, which demonstrate that the coupled model is effective and accurate and can significantly reduce the computational time for the large number of nodes in saturated-unsaturated water flow simulation.