Knowledge Is Invented: Addressing Invention and the Art of Saying in the Psychoanalytic Field

In the Freudian-Lacanian field,there is an important distinction between knowledge and truth.The truth,of an unconscious nature,is something that inhabits us,directs us,but that escapes us.Knowledge,in turn,is something to be invented,from the hole of the Real,the Unconscious truth,and the subjective experience.The relationships between playing,creating,and fantasizing;the dimension of the uncanny,fiction,and imagination in subjectivity;the invention of knowledge of oneself,derived from the pains and flavors of being who one is,are creative dimensions that inhabit the subject,permeate the analytical act,and transversalize psychoanalysis.In the practice,we listen to and witness processes of analysis that awaken an invention/reinvention of oneself,in the process of remembering,repeating,and elaborating,but also in what the transference relationship summons.Knowledge of oneself,does not guarantee a life without mishaps,sadness,and illusions,but allows the invention and recognition of knowledge and a style.The concept of Sinthome(2007),coined by Jacques Lacan,comes in the wake of the processes of self-invention and is a knowing-doing with the symptom,with the paradoxes of joyful suffering,producing,as a result,an art of saying.Therefore,in this communication,I will articulate elements of theory,practice,and psychoanalytic experience that allow us to expand knowledge of the themes of invention and imagination articulated with the concept of sinthome,their relationships with subjectivity,and the direction of psychoanalytic treatment.

Ownership Reform of On-duty Inventions and University Patent Output: Analytical Model and Empirical Evidence

Based on a literature review,this article reveals the inconsistency in the ownership structure reform measures of on-duty inventions,a policy attempt to stimulate patent output and commercialization.It also proposes an analytical model to address the impact of intellectual property ownership structure on patent productivity.A total of 20 universities with two different kinds of intellectual property ownership structures in Sichuan Province of China are selected for this study.They are divided into two groups:"pilot group"and"control group".The quantitative statistics and comparison of development trends and changes in the number,structure,technical fields,transfer and quality of invention patents are conducted,showing the development status of university patents before and after the ownership reform,and verifying the impact of the ownership structure of on-duty inventions on stimulating patent output.For a deep understanding of the situation,Southwest Jiaotong University is taken as a typical case for the study,which illustrates that after the implementation of the ownership reform,the number of disclosures of patent achievements of university on-duty inventions has increased,and the patent transformation in universities has undergone positive changes,but the positive changes in patent quality between universities are not obvious in the short term.In addition,this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for further optimization of the reform,with a view to achieve the staged evaluation of the reform and guiding practice.Finally,the article endeavors to provide academic peers with Chinese policy experiments and data regarding the impact of intellectual property ownership structure on invention output.

计算机辅助创新设计系统-InventionTool2.0开发

介绍了发明问题解决理论(TRIZ),应用第二代面向对象方法——Fusion法建立了计算机辅助创新设计系统——InventionTool2.0的对象模型、系统对象模型、操作模型及操作序列模型,完成了系统分析、设计、编码.最后给出了应用该软件进行技术预测的一个实例.

Invention and Utilization of Glutinous Sorghum Male Sterile Line 45A with High Starch and High Combining Ability

45A is a glutinous sorghum male sterile line with high starch and high combining ability bred by Rice and Sorghum Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1998, it is a coeno-species taking non-glutinous maintainer line TL169-239B which bred by Tieling Institute of Agricultural Sciences in 1991 as the female parent and glutinous maintainer line72B bred by the authors＇ institute as the male parent, then, based on the backcross breeding between glutinous single plant chosen from F2 segregation population and Tx623A. There are ten hybrid sorghum varieties which already have been examined and approved by national and above provincial（municipal） level units; the patent of this breeding method has been authorized （the patent number： ZL 2012 1 0129155.6）; 45A is protected by the Right of New Varieties of Plants, MOA, P.R. China （the variety right number： CNA20090576.1）. In this paper, the breeding process of 45A and the characteristics of 45A sterile line and its hybrid sorghum were summed up, what＇s more, the technical key points of high-yielding breed of 45A and the production of hybrid sorghum seeds were introduced, to provide data for further popularizing the sterile line.

Auto Composition System for Two Voice Part Inventions Based on Soft Computational Methods

Algorithmic composition is a very popular research field today. Bach's "two voice part invention" is the research object in this paper. The grammar and compositional rules of "invention" are introduced first. Then two soft computational methods,genetic algorithms and back propagation (BP) neural network technology,are combined to the experiment on assisting in composing "two voice part inventions". The system presented in this paper is quite effective and satisfactory.

Discovery, invention and serendipity

This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes the profound ability of finding out valuable things different from those who have been exploring by spending a lot of time or for years. The author will illustrate as many cases as possible within a given time constraint, so that surrounding environments and situations may be clarified, and such discoveries and inventions may be plausibly accomplished by accident or with rich reasons. These illustrations include historical as well as more recent cases. One of the cases is beyond the scope of our environment on the earth with preconceived notion, while other cases have given great impacts to our politics and also military intelligence. It should be noted that business and technological intelligence are deeply connected with discoveries, inventions and serendipity. In concluding remarks, the essence of serendipity will be summarized and how to side with the serendipity at the most important moment will be examined by viewing time series endeavors of the inventors and those who have devoted much time to discoveries.

Study of Great Chinese Inventions Based on the Concept of Cultural Consciousness

Based on the concept of cultural consciousness, this paper clarifies the misunderstanding of the "Four Great Inventions", then defines the concept of inventions and corresponding grading and rating systems. Numerous senior historians of science and technology were invited to review the great Chinese inventions before the book The Thirty Great Chinese Inventions was finally compiled and published. This paper also points out that the Chinese themselves must clearly understand things concerning China and China must have a say over the issue of inventions. The scientific spirit of deriving truth from facts must be rigorously upheld during the study and rating of great inventions.

PROJECTS WON 1998 CAS AWARDS FOR S&T PROGRESS AND FOR INVENTIONS

The CAS Awards for S&T Progress and the CAS Awards for Inventions are two major awards issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to recognize major research results and inventions produced by CAS scientists that have contributed greatly to the promotion of S&T progress, and social and economic development. In 1998, 12 research works won the CAS Awards for Inventions and 94 works won the CAS Awards for S&T Progress. The following are profiles of some of the prize-wining projects.

Unit 18 Inventions要点解读

一、词语例解1.rejectvt.1)丢弃He looked through the rejected suits.他在那些人家不肯要的衣服中寻找东西。All apples with soft spots were rejected.所有带烂斑点的苹果都被剔除了。

从天地会出发的哥老会——民国时期哥老会起源的文献解读

民国时期哥老会研究的重要论著大概可以划分为两种,第一种是索隐派,就是从传说和神话故事后面去寻找隐藏的历史;第二种是史料派,也就是从档案乃至其他文献中间去寻找蛛丝马迹。其实两者都指向了同一个方向,即洪门早期的这些传说和神话并不是完全没有历史资料可以佐证。实际上利用民国时期的亲历者和研究者所提供的资料和研究,从哥老会的革命叙事、民族主义叙事、会党成员的自我形象塑造、哥老会叙事的索引派和史料派等若干方面,可以进一步地理解哥老会的起源问题。这些故事的讲述,证明了在哥老会的故事中,有着大量霍布斯鲍姆概念中的“传统的发明”,但是历史显然成为他们身份认同和维系紧密关系的纽带。就这样,他们讲述的故事有多少依据固然重要,但是他们为什么要那样讲述自己的历史,却更是需要我们去认真探索的问题。

传承与创新:传统节日文化的现代性重构

传统节日作为记忆、保存和展示特有文化的象征仪式和事象,其蕴含的文化特质在当代社会具有特殊的价值和意义,因而得以被传承与保护。而现代则以尊重和高扬人的主体性为依托,借助工业化、市场化、文明化及技术化手段和方式,从而实现传统节日的被创新与再造。传统节日现代化实践中内蕴着传承与创新两种并行存在的状态,决定和衍生出传统与现代、现象与本质、传承与创新、文化与政治等矛盾关系及其在传统节日现代性重构中的客观规律性,并最终型塑着传统节日现代性重构的逻辑结构和实践指向。

数字经济、绿色创新与企业绿色全要素生产率

文章从绿色创新视角切入,以2011—2022年中国沪深A股重污染行业上市公司为样本,实证考察了城市数字经济对重污染企业绿色全要素生产率的影响效应和内在机制。研究发现:数字经济对重污染企业绿色全要素生产率具有显著的提升作用,且对国有性质和中小城市的重污染企业的促进作用更强;绿色创新是数字经济驱动重污染企业绿色生产的重要传导机制,但仅绿色发明专利申请量有中介效应,增加绿色实用新型专利不是数字经济提升重污染企业绿色全要素生产率的有效途径;数字经济对重污染企业绿色全要素生产率的推动作用表现出边际效应递增的非线性特征,且两者之间的关系存在绿色创新的门槛约束,随着绿色发明专利和绿色实用新型专利申请量的增加,数字经济对重污染企业绿色全要素生产率的促进作用分别表现出效应增强和效应减弱的非线性特征。

颠覆性技术创新治理研究与启示——以英国高级研究与发明局建设模式为例

为巩固全球科学超级大国地位,2022年以来英国陆续出台相关法律和政策,支持成立英国高级研究与发明局,并将其作为法定机构进行治理。本文首先通过分析ARIA相关的法律内容与政策举措,梳理其最新进展;随后分析了ARIA与美国国防高级研究计划局、英国研究与创新署的区别;最后提出了探索成立法定机构来支持颠覆性技术发展和强化创新主体非常规科技创新活动治理能力等建议。

发明创造性判断方法的路径优化与实证研究——英国“四步法”的借鉴

英国采用“四步法”进行发明创造性判断,明确提到发明构思。将发明构思融入“三步法”中,以对我国发明的创造性判断方法进行路径优化,并结合两个案例分别采用优化前和优化后的判断方法进行分析。研究结果表明,相较于优化前的“三步法”,采用优化后的判断方法,便于审查员对发明的创造性作出更加客观公正的判断。在“三步法”中融入发明构思进行创造性的判断,能够减少审查员在创造性判断时的主观性。

基于发明专利分析的数字疗法领域技术创新态势研究

目的通过对数字疗法领域的发明专利分析揭示该领域的技术创新态势。方法以智慧芽专利数据库收录的发明专利为研究对象,从技术创新的时间趋势、技术创新热点、技术创新区域、技术创新主体、技术发明人等角度揭示全球及中国数字疗法领域的技术创新态势。结果全球数字疗法领域共有发明专利申请422组(921件),2010年后进入快速增长期;中国在该领域起步较晚,共有发明专利申请44组(56件),2021年后发展较为迅速。全球技术创新聚焦于个性化医疗、治疗方案优化、远程监测与医疗、数字化心理健康等方向,中国技术创新与全球技术热点存在一些共通之处,同时也具有自己独特的特点,更加关注数字化病历及健康管理系统、中医数字化医疗的技术创新。美国的技术创新最为活跃,韩国和中国也在积极开展该领域的技术创新。国内外引领技术创新的主体均为企业。结论全球和中国在数字疗法领域均已积累一定规模的技术创新成果,技术创新持续活跃。本研究通过对数字疗法领域的发明专利进行全面分析,以宏观视角揭示技术创新态势,更好地了解技术演进、创新趋势和关键技术方向,从情报学的角度为数字疗法领域的发展提供全面的信息支撑。

含准Z源的双永磁电机驱动系统的研究及仿真

由于九开关逆变器通过共享模式,可减少电力电子器件数量,减小驱动装置的体积与重量,适用于双机驱动的应用场合。针对九开关逆变器双机驱动系统中单台电机电压利用率低的问题,研究了一种含准Z源的双永磁同步电机驱动系统。为了实现双机驱动系统中每台电机的独立可控,研究了基于SVPWM调制的双机分时控制原理。为满足不同的工况,研究了永磁同步电机的恒转矩-弱磁控制策略,利用间接电压法对Z源电压进行控制,以维持Z源电压的稳定。搭建了含准Z源的双永磁同步驱动系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,永磁同步电机和准Z源的控制策略行之有效,分时控制可实现双机驱动系统的独立可控,可满足工程应用的需求。

论专利制度的市场自然属性

市场自然属性是指发明创造、运用和寻求保护是人类在生产和生活实际中应对生存与进步的生命本性,也是人的自然特征,不存在外因作用也能随市场需求而自然进步发展。发明创造是自然人寻求克服困难、提高劳动效率和改善生活质量的本能,把发明创造应用于生产和生活中,也是人们实现发明创造目的的自觉行为,将发明创造成果通过一种方式,如获得专利证书而得到社会和国家的认可同样是人的本性需求,无需其他因素影响和干预。基于对专利制度的起源、沿革和市场机理进行深度分析,探讨专利制度的自然属性及其内涵,分析政府、市场以及专利制度三者之间的内在联系,得出专利制度应该遵循人的本能属性并符合市场经济自然发展的社会调节规律,不需要过多的外因干预,方能健康有序地推进。