基于粒子滤波的on-line boosting目标跟踪算法

基于Haar-like特征的on-line boosting跟踪算法(HBT)把目标跟踪看作是目标与背景的二分类问题,通过在候选区域搜索最大分类置信度的方法得到目标新的位置。但在获取最大置信度时选用的是区域穷举搜索法,当目标过大或者运动速度过快时,很难确保系统的实时性,且易造成跟踪丢失。本文将粒子滤波算法引入HBT目标跟踪框架中,通过建立目标运动模型,并把HBT目标分类置信度与粒子滤波的观测模型结合起来,提出了基于粒子滤波的on-line boosting目标跟踪算法(PFHBT)。与HBT算法相比,本文算法不仅加快了计算速度,而且很好地解决了目标速度过快造成跟踪丢失的问题,保证了系统的实时性和鲁棒性。

基于改进On-line Boosting算法的视频目标跟踪

针对目前基于在线学习的On-line Boosting算法用于视频目标跟踪时对于快速移动的目标,容易引起跟踪漂移的问题,提出一种将Surf算法融合于On-line Boosting的Surf-Boosting视频目标跟踪算法。该算法在原先的On-line Boosting算法的基础上增加跟踪漂移判断,对已跟踪漂移的视频帧使用Surf算法进行目标定位,将Surf定位到的目标作为正样本放到后续On-line Boosting算法中继续跟踪学习。实验结果表明,该方法能够很好地抑制原有算法的跟踪漂移问题,在跟踪过程中的正确率达到98%,实现对快速移动目标的正确跟踪,并具有很好的鲁棒性。

Stress-assisted corrosion mechanism of 3Ni steel by using gradient boosting decision tree machining learning method

Traditional 3Ni weathering steel cannot completely meet the requirements for offshore engineering development,resulting in the design of novel 3Ni steel with the addition of microalloy elements such as Mn or Nb for strength enhancement becoming a trend.The stress-assisted corrosion behavior of a novel designed high-strength 3Ni steel was investigated in the current study using the corrosion big data method.The information on the corrosion process was recorded using the galvanic corrosion current monitoring method.The gradi-ent boosting decision tree(GBDT)machine learning method was used to mine the corrosion mechanism,and the importance of the struc-ture factor was investigated.Field exposure tests were conducted to verify the calculated results using the GBDT method.Results indic-ated that the GBDT method can be effectively used to study the influence of structural factors on the corrosion process of 3Ni steel.Dif-ferent mechanisms for the addition of Mn and Cu to the stress-assisted corrosion of 3Ni steel suggested that Mn and Cu have no obvious effect on the corrosion rate of non-stressed 3Ni steel during the early stage of corrosion.When the corrosion reached a stable state,the in-crease in Mn element content increased the corrosion rate of 3Ni steel,while Cu reduced this rate.In the presence of stress,the increase in Mn element content and Cu addition can inhibit the corrosion process.The corrosion law of outdoor-exposed 3Ni steel is consistent with the law based on corrosion big data technology,verifying the reliability of the big data evaluation method and data prediction model selection.

STRONGLY CONVERGENT INERTIAL FORWARD-BACKWARD-FORWARD ALGORITHM WITHOUT ON-LINE RULE FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

This paper studies a strongly convergent inertial forward-backward-forward algorithm for the variational inequality problem in Hilbert spaces.In our convergence analysis,we do not assume the on-line rule of the inertial parameters and the iterates,which have been assumed by several authors whenever a strongly convergent algorithm with an inertial extrapolation step is proposed for a variational inequality problem.Consequently,our proof arguments are different from what is obtainable in the relevant literature.Finally,we give numerical tests to confirm the theoretical analysis and show that our proposed algorithm is superior to related ones in the literature.

Landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)based on different boosting and hyperparameter optimization algorithms:A case of Wanzhou District,China

Boosting algorithms have been widely utilized in the development of landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)studies.However,these algorithms possess distinct computational strategies and hyperparameters,making it challenging to propose an ideal LSM model.To investigate the impact of different boosting algorithms and hyperparameter optimization algorithms on LSM,this study constructed a geospatial database comprising 12 conditioning factors,such as elevation,stratum,and annual average rainfall.The XGBoost(XGB),LightGBM(LGBM),and CatBoost(CB)algorithms were employed to construct the LSM model.Furthermore,the Bayesian optimization(BO),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and Hyperband optimization(HO)algorithms were applied to optimizing the LSM model.The boosting algorithms exhibited varying performances,with CB demonstrating the highest precision,followed by LGBM,and XGB showing poorer precision.Additionally,the hyperparameter optimization algorithms displayed different performances,with HO outperforming PSO and BO showing poorer performance.The HO-CB model achieved the highest precision,boasting an accuracy of 0.764,an F1-score of 0.777,an area under the curve(AUC)value of 0.837 for the training set,and an AUC value of 0.863 for the test set.The model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP),revealing that slope,curvature,topographic wetness index(TWI),degree of relief,and elevation significantly influenced landslides in the study area.This study offers a scientific reference for LSM and disaster prevention research.This study examines the utilization of various boosting algorithms and hyperparameter optimization algorithms in Wanzhou District.It proposes the HO-CB-SHAP framework as an effective approach to accurately forecast landslide disasters and interpret LSM models.However,limitations exist concerning the generalizability of the model and the data processing,which require further exploration in subsequent studies.

Bridge damage identification based on convolutional autoencoders and extreme gradient boosting trees

To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of bridge damage identification,a novel data-driven damage identification method was proposed.First,convolutional autoencoder(CAE)was used to extract key features from the acceleration signal of the bridge structure through data reconstruction.The extreme gradient boosting tree(XGBoost)was then used to perform analysis on the feature data to achieve damage detection with high accuracy and high performance.The proposed method was applied in a numerical simulation study on a three-span continuous girder and further validated experimentally on a scaled model of a cable-stayed bridge.The numerical simulation results show that the identification errors remain within 2.9%for six single-damage cases and within 3.1%for four double-damage cases.The experimental validation results demonstrate that when the tension in a single cable of the cable-stayed bridge decreases by 20%,the method accurately identifies damage at different cable locations using only sensors installed on the main girder,achieving identification accuracies above 95.8%in all cases.The proposed method shows high identification accuracy and generalization ability across various damage scenarios.

Modeling of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in the Edwards-Trinity Plateau and Ogallala Aquifers in the Midland-Odessa Region Using Random Forest Regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting

Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R2 values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.

基于改进Boosting算法的车险理赔额组合模型预测

针对车险理赔额预测中单一机器学习方法存在的问题,提出一种基于Optuna调参后的XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)-LightGBM(Light Gradient Boosting Machine)组合模型预测方法。首先,分别构建XGBoost与LightGBM单个模型,并使用Optuna框架对模型参数进行优化;其次,将2个优化后的模型预测结果进行加权融合;最后,采用法国第三方责任险的车险保单数对融合模型进行验证。结果表明,与单一的XGBoost和LightGBM模型相比,经过参数优化后的组合模型在预测车险理赔额时展现出更低的均方根误差,从而证明其更高的预测精度。

基于K-Means聚类和Boosting算法的配电网线损计算方法

传统线损计算方法所需电气参数较多且计算过程烦琐,导致配电网线损计算结果精度较低,因此提出了一种基于K-Means聚类和Boosting算法的配电网线损计算方法。先采用K-Means聚类算法挖掘配电网的线路负荷有功电量、线路负荷无功电量、线路长度及线路负载率等电气特征指标,再将电气特征指标作为Boosting算法线损预测模型的输入数据,经过模型训练完成配电网线损的预测计算。实验结果表明,该设计方法的线损计算值与真实值之间的误差仅为4.27%,具有较高的配电网线损计算精度。

Predicting distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using gradient boosting tree model based on detailed magnetic resonance imaging reports

BACKGROUND Development of distant metastasis(DM)is a major concern during treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).However,studies have demonstrated im-proved distant control and survival in patients with advanced NPC with the addition of chemotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Therefore,precise prediction of metastasis in patients with NPC is crucial.AIM To develop a predictive model for metastasis in NPC using detailed magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reports.METHODS This retrospective study included 792 patients with non-distant metastatic NPC.A total of 469 imaging variables were obtained from detailed MRI reports.Data were stratified and randomly split into training(50%)and testing sets.Gradient boosting tree(GBT)models were built and used to select variables for predicting DM.A full model comprising all variables and a reduced model with the top-five variables were built.Model performance was assessed by area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS Among the 792 patients,94 developed DM during follow-up.The number of metastatic cervical nodes(30.9%),tumor invasion in the posterior half of the nasal cavity(9.7%),two sides of the pharyngeal recess(6.2%),tubal torus(3.3%),and single side of the parapharyngeal space(2.7%)were the top-five contributors for predicting DM,based on their relative importance in GBT models.The testing AUC of the full model was 0.75(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.69-0.82).The testing AUC of the reduced model was 0.75(95%CI:0.68-0.82).For the whole dataset,the full(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.72-0.82)and reduced models(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.71-0.81)outperformed the tumor node-staging system(AUC=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.73).CONCLUSION The GBT model outperformed the tumor node-staging system in predicting metastasis in NPC.The number of metastatic cervical nodes was identified as the principal contributing variable.

Boosting the Expense and Performance of Ann/Hmm Approch for on-line Handwriting Recognition

This paper focuses on a state sharing method for an artificial neural network (ANN) and hidden Markov model (HMM) hybrid on line handwriting recognition system. A modeling precision based distance measure is proposed to describe similarity between two ANNs, which are used as HMM state models. Limiting maximum system performance loss, a minimum quantification error aimed hierarchical clustering algorithm is designed to choose the most representative models. The system performance is improved by about 1.5% while saving 40% of the system expense. About 92% of the performance may also be maintained while reducing 70% of system parameters. The suggested method is quite useful for designing pen based interface for various handheld devices.

基于新型CD单元的两相交错并联高增益Boost变换器

为减少基于电容-二极管(CD)升压单元的两相交错并联高增益Boost变换器的CD单元数量,提升变换器电压增益,提出一种最后两级CD单元电容并联充电、串联供电的新型两相交错Boost变换器拓扑结构,进一步发挥CD单元的升压能力。分析新型3CD、4CD两相交错并联Boost变换器的拓扑演化过程,提出新型NCD两相交错并联Boost变换器的拓扑演化规律。以新型4CD两相交错并联Boost变换器为例,分析变换器工作原理,以及电感、电容寄生电阻对变换器电压增益的影响。最后在StarSim硬件在环实验平台搭建1 kW的新型4CD单元交错并联Boost变换器,验证该文所提拓扑的正确性。

一种基于分数阶微积分的CCM Boost变换器准在线无源参数的数字孪生辨识方法

由于具有高性价比、准确性和数字化等优点,数字孪生已成为电力电子变换器故障趋势判断和预知维护的先进技术。针对当前电力电子变换器所建立的数字孪生模型尚未考虑实际电感、电容的分数阶特性的问题,基于分数阶微积分构建电力电子电路的预估-校正数字孪生模型,应用基于粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法的孪生参数辨识方法对不同分数阶阶次下的电感值(L)和电容值(C)进行辨识,并计算出等效串联电阻。通过与现有方法对比,该方法不仅提高了实际电感和实际电容的辨识精度,还能辨识出不同阶次下与不同C下的分数阶参数。最后,搭建不同L和C及分数阶阶次的连续导通模式Boost变换器物理样机,并考虑不同工况条件与不同辨识次数等因素来进行实验验证。实验结果验证了所提模型与方法的有效性。

一种应用于两相交错Boost的耦合电感的优化设计

两相交错Boost变换器具有纹波电流小的优势,但其采用的交错并联技术增加了电感数量,进而增加了装置的体积和重量,不利于其功率密度的提升。耦合电感通过将多个磁性元件集成到一个磁芯实现磁路的部分共享,从而减小了磁元件的数量和重量。因此,设计了一种反向耦合电感,并将其应用于两相交错Boost变换器,实现了装置功率密度的提升。首先,对反向耦合电感的工作原理和损耗来源进行分析;然后,在此基础上设计了一种改进的“EE”型磁芯,一方面有效提高了磁芯利用率,另一方面降低了电感的体积与重量;最后,通过有限元仿真对所提优化设计方案进行验证,同时搭建了功率等级为2 kW的两相交错Boost变换器实验平台。仿真和实验结果均验证了所提优化设计方案的有效性。

分数阶Boost变换器的混沌控制研究

基于电容电感均为分数阶的事实,对分数阶连续导通模式Boost变换器的非线性动力学特性进行分析,提出了基于优化参数共振微扰法的分数阶Boost变换器混沌控制策略。首先,采用预估-校正算法建立了峰值电流控制分数阶Boost变换器的预估-校正模型,通过分岔图详细分析了电路参数对变换器非线性动力学特性的影响。然后,采用优化参数共振微扰法对变换器进行混沌控制,推导了系统的稳定判据,计算了扰动信号的最优幅值与相位。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中进行仿真实验。研究表明,选择合理的扰动信号,能够有效抑制变换器的混沌现象,使变换器由混沌回归稳定状态。与参数共振微扰法相比,优化后的控制策略提高了系统的鲁棒性。仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性。

基于随机森林和XGBoost算法构建心脏骤停患者自主循环恢复后神经功能预后不良的风险预测模型

目的 利用机器学习算法构建预测心脏骤停(CA)患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)后神经功能预后不良的预测模型,探索结局相关因子。方法 回顾性收集2016年1月至2024年1月沧州市中心医院收治的CA行心肺复苏(CPR)后ROSC的患者481例为研究对象。收集患者临床资料,根据患者转出重症监护病房(ICU)时的格拉斯哥-匹兹堡脑功能表现分级(CPC)评分,将其分为预后良好组(GNO,n=158)和预后不良组(PNO,n=323)。481例患者按7∶3随机分为训练集(n=338)和测试集(n=143),训练集用于构建模型,测试集用评价模型效能。利用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)和随机森林(RF)两种机器学习算法构建患者神经功能预后不良的预测模型,分别得出影响患者神经功能预后的变量,应用SHAP进行XGBoost模型可解释性分析。将XGBoost和RF算法得出的变量取交集,再将交集变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,得到差异有统计学意义的变量,进而构建决策树模型。在训练集和测试集上利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评估决策树模型的预测性能。结果 通过XGBoost模型得到与神经功能预后不良相关的变量15个,RF模型得到与神经功能预后不良相关的变量14个,两种模型取交集得到11个与神经功能预后不良相关的交集变量[视神经鞘直径(ONSD)变化率、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、入ICU第3天ONSD(ONSD day3)、心脏骤停至心肺复苏(CA-CPR)时间、ROSC时间、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、血肌酐、白蛋白、住ICU时间、血乳酸及年龄]。将这11个交集变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,PNO组与GNO组ONSD变化率、NSE、ONSD day3、ROSC时间及年龄这5个变量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用这5个重要变量构建决策树模型,得出3个与患者神经功能预后不良最相关的变量(NSE、ROSC时间及ONSD变化率),在训练集上的决策树模型预测CA行CPR后ROSC患者神经功能预后不良的AUC为0.857(95%CI 0.809~0.903,P<0.001),在测试集上的AUC为0.834 (95%CI 0.761~0.906,P<0.001)。结论 基于XGBoost和RF这2种机器学习方法构建的决策树模型能够更准确地评估CA患者ROSC后神经功能的不良预后,且评价指标可能简化为NSE、ROSC时间及ONSD变化率。

基于Boosting集成框架的新能源发电功率异常值检测方法

新能源发电功率数据是电力大数据的重要组成部分,良好的数据质量为功率预测、负荷预测、电网规划运行、经济调度、需求侧响应等工作研究提供重要保障。新能源发电功率数据中的异常值占少数,因此新能源发电数据属于不平衡数据,传统的异常值检测大多使用单一模型,检测准确率相对较低。此外,在面对具有长尾分布特性的不平衡数据集时,传统单一模型的同权重训练模式容易造成多数类数据过拟合现象,导致检测精度大大降低。针对传统单模型异常值检测方法的不足,该文提出一种基于Boosting集成框架的异常值检测方法。总体框架采用3层递进式训练模式,其中基分类器对原始数据进行初步判断,由基分类器检测结果构成异常正常数量对等的平衡数据,用于训练次级分类器,最终决策器将对分歧样本再次训练。在真实风电数据上的测试结果表明,基于Boosting集成框架的模型相比于几种常用单一模型的异常值检测准确率有较大提升,能有效解决传统单一模型在不平衡数据上检测精度低的问题;与Bagging、Stacking集成框架相比,Boosting集成框架模型拥有最优的检测精准率、召回率和F1评分(F1Score)。

基于预估-校正算法的分数阶Boost变换器倍周期分岔研究

基于电感电容本质是分数阶的事实,对分数阶Boost变换器的非线性动力学特性进行了深入研究。采用分数阶微积分的预估-校正算法,建立了Boost变换器的预估-校正模型,在此基础上得到了以参考电流、输入电压以及电容电感阶数为分岔参数的分岔图,研究了变换器的倍周期分岔和混沌行为,同时与整数阶Boost变换器的非线性动力学行为进行了比较。研究结果表明,在一定的工作条件下,随着变换器某些电路参数的变化,分数阶Boost变换器会出现分岔和混沌等非线性现象;在相同电路参数的条件下,整数阶和分数阶变换器的稳定参数域之间存在差异,与整数阶变换器相比,分数阶变换器的参数稳定区域更小,更真实地反映了Boost变换器的非线性动力学特性。

引入负载扰动观测的Boost变换器定频滑模控制

针对传统线性控制方法下Boost变换器存在系统动态性能差和对负载扰动鲁棒性不强的问题,从功率平衡的角度提出1种定频滑模电流控制方法。首先,利用负载电流观测值计算维持输出电压稳定所需的输入功率;其次,通过控制电感电流调整变换器输入功率,从而将系统的状态轨迹限制在对负载扰动具有不变性的滑模面上,保证系统大信号稳定并提升其动态性能;最后,基于等效控制原理,通过PWM技术实现等效滑模控制,避免了传统滑模控制中存在的抖振及开关频率不稳定问题。在Simulink中对Boost变换器负载阶跃变换的工况进行仿真,将所提方法与传统线性控制方法对比。结果表明,采用所提方法,系统的动态性能更好,且能保证系统在负载大范围扰动下的大信号稳定。

基于能量模型的临界导通模式Boost变换器软开关方法

在变换器高频化发展的趋势中,功率器件的软开关实现对变换效率的影响更加突出。无辅助电路的临界导通工作模式下,Boost变换器主开关管在特定增益下无法实现软开关。为此,该文提出一种能量模型及相应的软开关实现方法。首先,建立死区前后储能元件能量变化的数学模型。然后,结合死区起止时刻的能量平衡方程,研究软开关无法实现的电路机理。在此基础上,考虑开关管输出电容非线性特征,提出软开关实现方法,避免了复杂谐振过程的时域精确建模,提高软开关实现的准确性。最后,搭建500W实验样机进行实验,结果表明,相较于对谐振过程建模的传统时域模型,所提方法将实际开通电压降低47%,使峰值变换效率提升0.4%,进而验证了其有效性。