Research Progress of On-line Monitoring Technology for Electromagnetic Environment of Power Transmission and Transformation Projects

Based on the collection of relevant literature and cases,the research and application status of on-line monitoring technology for electromagnetic environment of power transmission and transformation projects at home and abroad were introduced.Moreover,the problems existing in the on-line monitoring of electromagnetic environment were expounded,and the development prospect was forecasted.

Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China,and its components,which include ultrafine particles(UFPs),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and other reactive gases,such as NH3and NOx,are the most harmful to human health.China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources.Thus,it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions.This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years.These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles,ships,airports,the chemical industry,and electric power generation.Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving,but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated.Meanwhile,the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations.According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China,some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized.Furthermore,more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.

Comparative Research on Sino-US Agricultural Innovation Model in Science and Technology

This research was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of China's and US's agricultural innovation in science and technology and offer some guidance on the construction of agricultural innovation system in science and technology in China. The countermeasures are proposed with a hope to shorten China's and US's gap of agricultural innovation in science and technology by analyzing agricultural innovation model features in science and technology of the United States. The advantages of United States model of agricultural innovation in science and technology include sound legal framework safeguard, complete scientific and technological innovation system, high quality and talented personnel, sufficient technical development and extension funding, and extensive applications of modern agricultural high-tech. There is a gap in agricultural innovation between China and the United States. Agriculture innovation in science and technology in China should improve in several aspects such as agricultural legislation, construction of sound agricultural innovation system in science and technology, building first-class agricultural innovation and extension teams, establishing diversified channels for investment, and improving the applications of high technology in agriculture.

A Study on Applications and Case Studies Regarding Bluetooth Technology for Travel Time Measurement

Bluetooth technology emerged over twenty years ago and has continuously improved throughout the years to meet diverse and complex applications. Initially invented to replace the need for physical data cables, Bluetooth offers users a quick and easy way to share data files over a wireless network. Traffic engineers and transportation engineering researchers have utilized the potential opportunities that exist with Bluetooth and have implemented this technology into traffic monitoring techniques. To gain a better understanding of Bluetooth sensors and how they work, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Twenty-five articles were studied regarding case studies of Bluetooth sensor implementation for travel time measurement. Besides reviewing the literature and previous case studies, three new case studies in the State of Delaware, USA, were also conducted and carefully analyzed. The benefits and drawbacks associated with Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements have been identified in this paper. The overall conclusion of the authors is Bluetooth alone and by itself is not a proper technology for travel time measurements. More studies need to be conducted on the accuracy and overall application, before one can confidently utilize the Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements.

Research on Comparisons of New Clean Power Generation Technologies

On the basis of introducing clean power generation technologies, the author calculated and analyzed the investment, economy and environmental protection of these technologies, posed his views of giving the priorities to the development of supercritical and ultra-supercritical pressure coal-fired power generation technologies and taking vigorous action to nuclear power generation technology within the following 5-10 years, exploiting wind power within the following 10-15 years, and suggested that the installed capacity of nuclear power reach 80-100 GW and that of wind power reach 50-80 GW by 2020.

北京种业科技创新的国际比较及提升路径研究

科技创新是种业发展的关键。北京是全国种业科技基础最雄厚、创新资源集聚、创新主体活跃的地区之一。对标发达国家种业,从种质资源、育种技术、研发模式和种业企业竞争力4个方面对北京种业科技创新进行比较,剖析制约北京种业科技创新的关键问题。聚焦北京种业科技创新引领,从加强种质资源保护利用、开展育种关键技术联合攻关、深化种业体制改革、完善育种创新政策支持体系、推动部市协同形成合力等方面提出了北京种业科技创新发展的提升路径,以期为推进国家种业科技创新提供参考。

技术进步视角的大豆竞争力比较研究

目前,中国大豆单产存在水平低、提升慢的突出问题,尤其是进入21世纪后的大豆技术进步国际差距在扩大,国内始终低于争地作物玉米的技术进步,从技术进步角度进一步弱化了国产大豆竞争力。为此,应以高产优先为大豆育种重点目标,以黑蒙皖川四省区为大豆单产主攻区域,以技术、设施、制度配套为单产提升路径。

先进压缩空气储能系统的基础研究与应用进展

Decarbonization of the electric power sector is essential for sustainable development.Low-carbon generation technologies,such as solar and wind energy,can replace the CO_(2)-emitting energy sources(coal and natural gas plants).As a sustainable engineering practice,long-duration energy storage technologies must be employed to manage imbalances in the variable renewable energy supply and electricity demand.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is an effective solution for balancing this mismatch and therefore is suitable for use in future electrical systems to achieve a high penetration of renewable energy generation.This study introduces recent progress in CAES,mainly advanced CAES,which is a clean energy technology that eliminates the use of fossil fuels,compared with two commercial CAES plants at Huntorf and McIntosh which are conventional ones utilizing fossil fuels.Advanced CAES include adiabatic CAES,isothermal CAES,liquid air energy storage,supercritical CAES,underwater CAES,and CAES coupled with other technologies.The principles and configurations of these advanced CAES technologies are briefly discussed and a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technologies is presented,including theoretical studies,experiments,demonstrations,and applications.The comparison and discussion of these CAES technologies are summarized with a focus on technical maturity,power sizing,storage capacity,operation pressure,round-trip efficiency,efficiency of the components,operation duration,and investment cost.Potential application trends were compiled.This paper presents a comprehensive reference for developing novel CAES systems and makes recommendations for future research and development to facilitate their application in several areas,ranging from fundamentals to applications.

政府科技创新与科技型企业培育政策研究:基于国际比较视角

科技创新与科技型企业培育政策是国家政府部门关注的重点。提炼中国现有的科技创新与科技型企业培育政策框架,基于国际比较视角分析不同国家的科技创新治理体系和企业培育计划。分析可知,中国的科技型企业培育政策为企业规划了从科技型中小企业到“专精特新”再到隐形冠军的成长路径,同时各地为了遴选优质企业而设置了“雏鹰-牛羚-瞪羚-独角兽”的培育体系。对比分析美国、德国、日本的科技创新治理体系和企业培育计划可知,不同国家有不同的科技创新管理组织体系,但各国均在现有的中小企业培育政策体系上,针对供应链关键节点企业、高技术或颠覆性技术创新中小企业制定了进一步的系统发展计划。建议在硬科技企业培育过程中,借鉴德国“高科技战略”中促进不同类型主体协同创新的专项计划,引入日本颠覆性技术创新计划中的项目经理人制度,同时关注美国联邦政府投资制造业供应链小企业获得信贷、风险投资和R&D项目等支持方式。

中国企业数字化进程的典型事实——来自中国企业创新创业调查的证据

企业数字化转型是数字技术与实体经济相结合的主要方式,也是实现产业升级和培育新质生产力的明确要求。但是,目前学术界仍然缺乏对于广泛中小企业数字化转型发展水平的定量评估。本文利用北京大学企业大数据研究中心开展的中国企业创新创业调查获得的一手数据,定量描述了中国企业互联网使用、数字化管理、线上业务分工、数字化机器四项数字技术的采用情况,并使用欧美国家相似调研数据进行国际比较,进而总结当前中国企业数字化转型的典型事实。本文具有如下发现:第一,中国企业在经营活动中已经普遍采用了数字技术,但数字化进程仍然具有区域、行业差异;第二,中国企业的互联网使用和数字化管理的采用仍然落后于欧美国家,但电子商务和短视频媒体的采用处于领先地位;第三,规模越大、年龄越小、员工工资越高的企业开展数字化转型的概率越高;第四,中老年企业家由于缺乏数字技术相关知识而更难开展数字化转型。本文为中国在新发展阶段进一步加快产业数字化转型升级,特别是中小企业数字化赋能等专项行动,提供了有益的政策参考。

蒸汽裂解制乙烯工艺技术对比与分析

综述了蒸汽裂解制乙烯的反应机制、裂解原料及工艺流程。介绍了国内外关键的蒸汽裂解制乙烯技术的开发历程。并在此基础上,对SRT-VI、USC-U、Pyrocrack1-1、GK-V及CBL-1这5种具有代表性的蒸汽裂解制乙烯工艺,并在裂解炉性能、裂解原料、裂解温度、供热/急冷方式、反应停留时间、运行周期及乙烯收率等方面展开详细论述。通过不同生产工艺自身特点的对比分析,提出在“双碳”目标的制约下,企业应不断开发和选择适合自身的新型蒸汽裂解制乙烯工艺,以促进我国乙烯产业向着“大型化、炼化一体化、集约化”的方向健康发展。

概念验证:中美欧的比较与启示

[目的/意义]科技成果转化是全球性难题,概念验证活动有助于降低转化过程中不确定性和风险,提高成功率。美国、欧洲是较早开展概念验证活动的国家和地区,中国近年来也积极采取中国香港地区举措,通过对比分析,旨在为完善中国概念验证工作提供决策参考,促进科技成果高效转化。[方法/过程]本文回顾了概念验证的基本概念与起源,梳理了中美欧概念验证的新近信息和典型案例,从功能定位、业务内容、组织模式、网络资源和政府作用5个方面对中美欧的概念验证活动进行比较,对我国后续开展概念验证工作提出了建议。[结果/结论]概念验证中心在国家层面应设立针对前期前沿成果的概念验证资助项目;支持概念验证中心吸纳社会资本、汇聚外部资源;将概念验证活动融入单位内部生态;鼓励设立概念验证联盟。

浙江与粤苏科技创新能力的比较及提升对策

近年来浙江与广东、江苏同处于中国科技创新领域的领先位置,但与粤苏两省相比,浙江科技创新整体水平仍存在一定差距。借鉴目前主流的科技创新能力评价体系构建方式,基于投入产出视角,并关注科技创新平台的作用,利用2018至2022年国家和浙粤苏有关统计年鉴,从科技投入强度、科技创新平台实力、科技成果转化3个方面进行比较,分析浙江科技创新的相对弱势和制约因素。结果表明:浙江的科技研发投入水平总体不高,对基础研究重视不够,高层次、领军型科技人才总量少,人才引进培养的效益尚未突显,同时科技创新人才分布结构不均衡,企业和基层创新人才少;科研机构特别是企业研发机构总体实力偏弱,重大创新平台和载体还比较缺乏,高新技术产业开发区建设速度偏慢,总体技术供给能力偏弱;高技术产业营业收入和利润总额仍然不高,专利申请和授权数以及每万人发明专利拥有量偏少,新产品销售收入和外向度偏低,科技创新资源整合还不够,创新体系整体效能还不高。建议浙江从打造人才集聚地、原创性成果策源地、引领性企业成长地、开放型创新协作地等方面采取有效措施,加快提升区域科技创新能力,赋能区域经济社会高质量发展。

预定时间标准横向对比及应用性分析

为使制造企业和个人能选定合适的预定时间标准方法,提高预定时间标准方法在应用过程中的适用性和实用性,对模特法(MOD)、方法时间测量-模块1(MTM-1)、方法时间测量-通用分析系统(MTM-UAS)3种预定时间标准方法展开分析,系统性对比3种方法在时间准确性、分析效率、改善支撑效果、使用门槛、应用规范性等方面的优劣性,并对方法的选择和应用提供参考建议。

基于无人机技术下农作物产量估算模型研究

基于无人机技术,以建三江分局浓江农场水稻产量为研究对象,采用支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(Random Forest)模型进行对比分析。通过5个关键植被指数,如R2(决定系数)、MSE(平均相对误差)和RMSE(均方根误差)等指标对模型进行评估,分析各模型在LAI(叶面积指数)和地上部生物量相关性分析的表现情况,以及不同生育期植被指数与水稻产量的相关性分析。研究结果表明,支持向量机模型在预测准确度方面表现出较高水平,表明基于无人机技术的水稻产量估算模型在预测精度和稳定性方面都具有明显优势,研究结果旨在帮助农业管理者进行精准化决策提供参考和借鉴。

微电子封装产业的发展现状以及趋势分析

阐述微电子封装产业中传统封装和先进技术的发展现状和技术对比,探讨封装产业发展在供应链和产业结构中的问题,提出微电子封装产业发展的对策建议,包括促进核心技术发展、加强人才培养。

科技型企业上市路径对比与选择探析

随着金融供给侧结构性改革的持续推进,金融服务实体经济的质效也在持续提升,除了传统的间接融资渠道,科技型企业通过IPO直接融资的渠道也变得更加丰富多样了。特别是自2023年2月全面实行股票发行注册制改革以来,越来越多企业开始通过登陆北交所、创业板、科创板、主板等进行融资。但是,不同板块具有不同的上市特征和限制条件,上市门槛也不同,对拟上市地区、时点、中介、板块的选择也尤为重要。因此,拟上市科技型企业需要从多个维度对比和分析上市路径,以确保能够选择一条科学的上市路径。

自动化监测技术在深基坑工程中的应用

随着中国工程建设项目数量和工程量的增加,深基坑施工在建设项目中越来越普遍,由于深基坑独特的地下及周围环境,在实际施工中,不仅要做好基坑支护工作,还要随时监测周围环境的变化。针对传统监测方法效率低、信息反馈延迟、监测成本高等缺点,以深基坑工程为实例,通过全站仪、测斜仪、传感器等多种自动化监测手段,设计了深基坑工程监测数据的采集、传输和处理系统。通过现场人工实测数据与自动化监测数据的对比,表明该技术与人工监测的结果基本一致,验证了自动化监测技术在深基坑工程监测中应用的可靠性。

射频器件测量的校准技术分析

在用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)对射频微波元件进行S参数测量时,由于网分的同轴端口与元器件类似微带的端口无法直接进行测量,故往往引入夹具以实现同轴到微带的过渡。在此过程中,测量结果包含了夹具本身自带的误差,需要用校准技术进行去嵌入(deembedding)。直通-反射-延时线(TRL)是其中一种高精度的校准技术,本文在HFSS中制作了10 MHz-45 GHz的TRL校准件包括“顶层地”传输线,新型共面波导,基片集成波导,两层介质的共面波导等不同结构,去嵌入之后的1 pF电容与理想电容在全频段有较好的一致性,并把结果进行对比。下一步模拟了性能更好的同轴连接器,以改善实验的去嵌入结果,验证TRL校准件达到毫米波的可行性方案。

山地风能资源评估方法与技术比较研究

随着可再生能源需求的增加,对于高效和准确的风能资源评估方法的需求也在增长。特别是在复杂的山地地形中,传统的风能评估方法面临着诸多挑战。文章比较和评估了山地风能资源评估的各种方法和技术,包括数值模拟方法、实测方法和遥感技术方法,并在成本、精度和数据可用性方面对这些方法进行比较,以期为山地风能资源评估提供参考和借鉴。