As the video game industry has firmly established itself as an art form as well as entertainment, certain games and content have led to legal issues in several countries. These court cases usually fall under freedom o...As the video game industry has firmly established itself as an art form as well as entertainment, certain games and content have led to legal issues in several countries. These court cases usually fall under freedom of speech and expression. The author has studied three of the five top video game producing and purchasing markets in the world--the United States, Japan, and the Republic of Korea--to explore how each country regulates this industry These three countries explicitly guarantee their citizens the freedoms of speech and expression, but, due to cultural differences and historical interpretations of those rights, the policies concerned with gaming have been handled differently by each country. The argument of the author is that historic interpretations of freedom of speech in legal cases can inform how video games and content controversy will be decided by the constitutional courts in these three countries. Japan and the Republic of Korea, for example, have historically interpreted freedom of speech rights in a way that benefits the citizenry as a whole, marking them as more collective. The United States has historically interpreted freedom of speech and expression in a way that benefits individual citizens, marking it as individualistic. These cultural aspects of how legal decisions are reached has affected the relatively new technology of video games展开更多
Abasic human right, freedom of speech is a civil right clearly stipulated in China＇s Constitution. Since China＇s reform and opening up, freedom of speech in Chinese society has witnessed great development standardiz...Abasic human right, freedom of speech is a civil right clearly stipulated in China＇s Constitution. Since China＇s reform and opening up, freedom of speech in Chinese society has witnessed great development standardized by the Constitution and laws. Furthermore, the extent and depth of freedom of speech in China have reached an unprecedented level. In particular, the Internet, which has been increasingly popular in China since the late 20th Century, has energetically promoted freedom of speech in Chinese society. The Internet has become an effective channel by which the public can ob- tain information, express opinions and create public opinion in China. Popularization and improvement of the Internet have greatly expanded the room for freedom of speech in China.展开更多
The legal regulation of racist speech involves limitation on the freedom of speech, which requires prudent trade-offs between freedom and quality. The protection of the freedom of speech, although of great value to a ...The legal regulation of racist speech involves limitation on the freedom of speech, which requires prudent trade-offs between freedom and quality. The protection of the freedom of speech, although of great value to a democratic society, does not include the pro tection of racist speech. The justification for regulating racist speech lies in the impact of racial ly-charged speech, not in the content of the speech itself. The regulation of racist speech should take into consideration thecriteriaofsubjectivemalignancy,necessityandproportionality.Due to their social status and special role in a democratic society, the media and political figures should bear a more stringent duty of care because of the harm and consequences of their racist remarks, which are far greater than those of other groups. During the pandemic, legal regula tion is required regarding remarks of politicians and the media that imply discrimination linked to CoVID-19.展开更多
文摘As the video game industry has firmly established itself as an art form as well as entertainment, certain games and content have led to legal issues in several countries. These court cases usually fall under freedom of speech and expression. The author has studied three of the five top video game producing and purchasing markets in the world--the United States, Japan, and the Republic of Korea--to explore how each country regulates this industry These three countries explicitly guarantee their citizens the freedoms of speech and expression, but, due to cultural differences and historical interpretations of those rights, the policies concerned with gaming have been handled differently by each country. The argument of the author is that historic interpretations of freedom of speech in legal cases can inform how video games and content controversy will be decided by the constitutional courts in these three countries. Japan and the Republic of Korea, for example, have historically interpreted freedom of speech rights in a way that benefits the citizenry as a whole, marking them as more collective. The United States has historically interpreted freedom of speech and expression in a way that benefits individual citizens, marking it as individualistic. These cultural aspects of how legal decisions are reached has affected the relatively new technology of video games
文摘Abasic human right, freedom of speech is a civil right clearly stipulated in China＇s Constitution. Since China＇s reform and opening up, freedom of speech in Chinese society has witnessed great development standardized by the Constitution and laws. Furthermore, the extent and depth of freedom of speech in China have reached an unprecedented level. In particular, the Internet, which has been increasingly popular in China since the late 20th Century, has energetically promoted freedom of speech in Chinese society. The Internet has become an effective channel by which the public can ob- tain information, express opinions and create public opinion in China. Popularization and improvement of the Internet have greatly expanded the room for freedom of speech in China.
基金a significant progress of Research on Developing a Fairer and More Equitable Global Governance System (Project Approval No. 20AZD104)key program of National Social Science Foundation of China+1 种基金major program of National Social Science Found of ChinaResearch on International Law of Major Public Health Emergencies (Project Approval No. 20&ZD201)。
文摘The legal regulation of racist speech involves limitation on the freedom of speech, which requires prudent trade-offs between freedom and quality. The protection of the freedom of speech, although of great value to a democratic society, does not include the pro tection of racist speech. The justification for regulating racist speech lies in the impact of racial ly-charged speech, not in the content of the speech itself. The regulation of racist speech should take into consideration thecriteriaofsubjectivemalignancy,necessityandproportionality.Due to their social status and special role in a democratic society, the media and political figures should bear a more stringent duty of care because of the harm and consequences of their racist remarks, which are far greater than those of other groups. During the pandemic, legal regula tion is required regarding remarks of politicians and the media that imply discrimination linked to CoVID-19.
