Longitudinal impedance measurements and simulations of a three-metal-strip kicker

A kicker is a critical component for beam injection and accumulation in circular particle accelerators. A ceramic slat kicker plated with a TiN conductive coating was applied in the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). However, the ceramic slat kicker has experienced several sudden malfunctions during the operation of the BEPCII in the past. With a reliable kicker structure, a three-metal-strip kicker can substitute the original ceramic slat kicker to maintain the operational stability of the BEPCII. A comparison of the numerical simulation was conducted for three kicker models, demonstrating the comprehensive advantage of the three-metal-strip kicker. Furthermore, impedance bench measurements were conducted on a prototype of a three-metal-strip kicker. The longitudinal beam-coupling impedance was measured using a vector network analyzer via the coaxial wire method. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the numerical simulations and measurements. Based on the numerical simulation data, the loss factor was 0.01721 V/pC, and the effective impedance was 3.59 mΩ(σ=10 mm).The simulation of the heat deposition on each part of the kicker demonstrated that 84.4%of the parasitic loss of the beam was deposited on the metal strips, and the total heat deposition power on the kicker was between 113.3 and 131.5 W. The obtained heat deposition powers can be considered as a reference for establishing the cooling system.

High Impedance Fault Detection of Distribution Network by Phasor Measurement Units

This paper proposes a new algorithm for High Impedance Fault (HIF) detection using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). This type of faults is difficult to detect by over current protection relays because of low fault current. In this paper, an index based on phasors change is proposed for HIF detection. The phasors are measured by PMU to obtain the square summation of errors. Two types of data are used for error calculation. The first one is sampled data and the second one is estimated data. But this index is not enough to declare presence of a HIF. Therefore another index introduces in order to distinguish the load switching from HIF. Second index utilizes 3rd harmonic current angle because this number of harmonic has a special behaviour during HIF. The verification of the proposed method is done by different simulation cases in EMTP/MATLAB.

On-Line Measurement of the Chemical Oxygen Demand in Wastewater in a Pulp and Paper Mill Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Although near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been evaluated for numerous applications, the number of actual on-line or even on-site industrial applications seems to be very limited. In the present paper, the attempts to produce online predictions of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater from a pulp and paper mill using NIR spectroscopy are described. The task was perceived as very challenging, but with a root mean square error of prediction of 149 mg/l, roughly corresponding to 1/10 of the studied concentration interval, this attempt was deemed as successful. This result was obtained by using partial least squares model regression, interpolated reference values for calibration purposes, and by evenly distributing the calibration data in the concentration space. This work may also represent the first industrial application of online COD measurements in wastewater using NIR spectroscopy.

Improvement Design of Biochip Towards High Stable Bioparticle Detection Utilizing Dielectrophoresis Impedance Measurement

Dielectrophoresis impedance measurement(DEPIM)is a powerful tool for bioparticle detection due to its advantages of high efficiency,label-free and low costs.However,the strong electric field may decrease the viability of the bioparticle,thus leading to instability of impedance measurement.A new design of biochip is presented with high stable bioparticle detection capabilities by using both negative dielectrophoresis(nDEP)and traveling wave dielectrophoresis(twDEP).In the biochip,a spiral electrode is arranged on the top of channel,while a detector is arranged on the bottom of the channel.The influence factors on the DEP force and twDEP force are investigated by using the basic principle of DEP,based on which,the relationship between Clausius-Mossotti(CM)factor and the frequency of electric field is obtained.The two-dimensional model of the biochip is built by using Comsol Multiphysics.Electric potential distribution,force distribution and particle trajectory in the channel are then obtained by using the simulation model.Finally,both the simulations and experiments are performed to demonstrate that the new biochip can enhance the detection efficiency and reduce the negative effects of electric field on the bioparticles.

A METHOD OF ON-LINE MEASUREMENT FOR THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND IMPULSE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS OF MULTIVARIATE SYSTEM

In this paper,a method of multipoint pseudorandom combined excita-tion with the orthogonal reciprocal repeated sequences(ORRS)is presented on thebackground of the on-line identification of multivariate system.The capacity of therestraint to the identification error caused by the non-random D.C.drift of the mul-ti-input excitation with the ORRS in the multivariate system is also discussed.Thevalidity of the method described in this paper is proved by the modelling tests of themulti-plate rotor system.

On-line Temperature Rise Measurement of Submersible Motors

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Integrated On-line Instrumentation System of Magnetic Properties Measurement

A portable microcomputer-controlled inspection system has been developed for detection of magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials. It incorporates custom designed software for control of the magnetic field during operation such as demagnetization, field sweeping, and for data logging and analysis. Results are recorded using a 12-bit analog to digital converter and are then stored on disk. The magnetic hysteresis loop and Barkhausen noise data can be converted into important magnetic parameters: coecivity, remanence, and hysteresis loss, Barkhausen amplitude, and Barkhausen noise energy. This system incorporated with the magnetostriction, and magnetoacoustic emission, is then related with the nondestructive detection of material degradation.

A Study on Comprehensive Modeling for Errors in on-line Measuring System of Machining Center

Based on the theory of multi-body system (MBS), bine’s and huston’s methods are applied to an on-line measuring system of machining center in this paper. Through the study on modeling technique, the comprehensive model for errors calculation in an on-line measuring System of machining center have been built for the first time. Using this model, the errors can be compensated by soft.ware and the measuring accuracy can be enhanced without any more inveSt. This model can be used in all kinds of machining center.

Development of an automatic measurement system using atmospheric pressure photoionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and application for on-line analysis of particulate matter

On-line chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter(PM)with soft ionization technique and ultrahigh-resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHRMS)provides molecular information of organic constituents in real time.Here we describe the development and application of an automatic measurement system that incorporates PM_(2.5)sampling,thermal desorption,atmospheric pressure photoionization,and UHRMS analysis.Molecular formulas of detected organic compounds were deducted from the accurate(±10 ppm)molecular weights obtained at a mass resolution of 100,000,allowing the identification of small organic compounds in PM_(2.5).Detection efficiencies of 28 standard compounds were determined and we found a high sensitivity and selectivity towards organic amines with limits of detection below 10 pg.As a proof of principle,PM_(2.5)samples collected off-line in winter in the urban area of Beijing were analyzed using the Ionization Module and HRMS of the system.The automatic system was then applied to conduct on-line measurements during the summer time at a time resolution of 2 hr.The detected organic compounds comprised mainly CHON and CHN compounds below 350 m/z.Pronounced seasonal variations in elemental composition were observed with shorter carbon backbones and higher O/C ratios in summer than that in winter.This result is consistent with stronger photochemical reactions and thus a higher oxidation state of organics in summer.Diurnal variation in signal intensity of each formula provides crucial information to reveal its source and formation pathway.In summary,the automatic measurement system serves as an important tool for the on-line characterization and identification of organic species in PM_(2.5).

Analysis and Application of the Synthetic Relative Measuring Method in On-Line Monitoring for Capacitive Equipment in Power Systems

On-line measurement for dielectric loss angle can effectively monitor the insulation condition of capacitive equipment in power systems. Synthetic relative measuring methods not only markedly overcome the shortcomings of traditional absolute measuring methods but also greatly improve the accuracy of dielectric loss angle measurement. However, synthetic relative measuring methods based on two or three pieces of capacitive equipment do not have the characteristic of generality. In this paper, a principle of synthetic relative measuring method is presented. The example of application for synthetic relative methods based on three and four pieces of capacitive equipment running in the same phase is taken to present the failure judgment matrices for N pieces of equipment. According to these matrices, the fault condition of N pieces of capacitive equipment can be watched, which is more general. Then some problems needing to be concerned along with two diagnostic methods used in diagnostic system are introduced. Finally, two programmable flow charts for the two methods are given and corresponding examples demonstrate their feasibility in practice.

In Situ Acquisition of Equivalent Circuit Parameters of Crystal Resonance during Copper Deposition and Dissolution in Acidic Solution by Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Impedance System

Electrochemical quartz crystal impedance system (EQCIS) which allows in situ dynamic quartz crystal impedance measurement in an electrochemical experiment was developed by combining an HP 4395A Network/Spectrum/Impedance analyzer with an EG&G M283 potentiostat. Equivalent circuit parameters of crystal resonance change significantly during electrodeposition and dissolution of copper in 0.1 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution in a cyclic potential sweep experiment, which is explained with an overall picture of mass loading, solution density and viscosity, etc..

Tracking Galloping Profile of Transmission Lines Using Wireless Inertial Measurement Units

Galloping of power transmission lines might bring about huge damage such as massive power outage and collapse of the transmission towers. To realize forecast of the galloping and provide data for study on the galloping mechanism, this paper proposes an online monitoring system for tracking galloping profile of power transmission lines based on wireless inertial measurement units (WIMUs). The system is composed of three modules: wireless inertial measurement nodes, monitoring base station, and remote monitoring station. After detailing the hardware system, the corresponding software which positions and displays galloping profile of the transmission line in real-time is outlined. The feasibility of the proposed on-line monitoring system is demonstrated through a series of experiments at the State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Overhead Transmission Line Galloping (Zhengzhou, China) by taking into account different vibration patterns.

ON-LINE INSPECTION TECHNIQUES OF MANUFACTURING QUALITY OF ROLLED-STEEL SHEET

On-line measurement of manufaturing quality of rolled steel needs the performances of noncontact, high-responds, high-resolution and high aceuracy. The reccntly developed hardware makes it possible. This paper gives a review of the development of this techniques and introduces four kinds of developed measurement systems. And the future development trends in this field was also discussed.

The Measurement and Control of Diameter in Large-Scale Part Processing

Based on laser-scanned measuring technology, a met ho d of on-line dynamic non-contact measurement and feedback control of processin g dimension, i.e. the double edges laser-scanned large diameter on-line dynami c measurement and control system is presented, which can be used to measure diam eter in large-scale machine part processing. In this paper, the working princip le, overall structure and microcomputer real-time control and data processing s ystem of the system are discussed in detail, the method of double edges scanned large diameter dimension measurement and control is theoretically analyzed, its possibility has been verified by experiments of lathing large diameters machine parts by a vertical lathe. The system adopts the measuring scheme of double edge s laser-scanned combined with grating displacement measurement. The two edges c haracteristic information of the measured diameter is given by the double edges laser-scanned measuring system, the non-contact measurement of large diameter dimension is realized to combine with the grating displacement measuring systems . The main controller gives out feedback control signal by means of measured res ults, and controls advance and retreat of lathe tool by the servo-control syste m of a vertical lathe to realize on-line dynamic non-contact measurement and c ontrol in processing.

Development of Instrumentation for the Measurement of the Performance of Acoustic Absorbers

In both fixed and rotary wing aircraft, the move toward lighter structures has resulted in an increase in structural vibration and interior noise. Porous materials have been proposed as acoustic absorbers to reduce this noise. This paper discusses the development of equipment at the NASA Glenn Research Center for characterizing the acoustic performance of porous materials: a flow resistance apparatus to measure the pressure drop across a specimen of porous material, and a standing wave tube that uses a pair of stationary microphones to measure the normal incidence acoustic impedance of a porous material specimen. Specific attention is paid to making this equipment as flexible as possible in terms of specimen sizes need for testing to accommodate the small or irregular sizes often produced during the development phase of a new material. In addition, due to the unknown performance of newly developed material, safety features are included on the flow resistance apparatus to contain test specimens that shed particles or catastrophically fail during testing. Results of measurements on aircraft fiberglass are presented to verify the correct performance of the equipment.

RESEARCH ON INPUT IMPEDANCE OF DIPOLE ANTENNA IN GTEM CELL

The formula of input impedance of dipole antenna in Gigahertz Transverse ElectroM agnetic(GTEM) cell based on the dyadic Green's function is first obtained in this paper. The validation of the formula is verified by the results of theoretical derivation and simulation with well agreements. In comparison with the formula of input impedance in free space, the relationship between the change of input impedance with the length of antenna and the position of antenna in GTEM cell is obtained. In addition, some meaningful conclusions are presented, which not only can be referred by the further research of ElectroM agnetic Interference(EMI) measurements in GTEM cell, but also provide the theoretical basis for testing compensation and error analysis.

Nucleation and Growth of Thallium on Thin Film Mercury Electrode: Voltammetric, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Chronoamperometric and Electrochemical Impedance Studies

Thallium is a heavy metal highly toxic to the biosphere. It can be determined by anodic stripping voltammetry after deposition on mercury film. The aim of this work is to study the conditions and mechanisms of deposition of Hg on glassy carbon electrode and Tl on Hg film by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, chronoamperometry and impedance techniques. The results showed a germination and growth of a 3D Hg phase on glassy carbon electrode. Similarly, the electrodeposition of Tl on Hg follows a 3D three-dimensional nucleation with diffusion controlled growth. The impedance measurements reveal an easier charge transfer on the Tl film.

Why Should We Bother on Measurement in Wastewater Treatment Operation?

The question of wastewater treatment and control is reflected from a very specific viewpoint: the low priority given to accurate and useful measurements within wastewater treatment. The matter is discussed from four various perspectives, that may be labelled “Legal understanding”;“Needs for accurate measurement results already in the planning and design stage”;“The measurement problem and human behaviour”;“The understanding of the short term and long term dynamics and changes in pollution and flow loads on a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)”. All these aspects bring about much improved needs for an accurate and frequent measurement scheme both for pollutants and flows entering a WWTP. The conclusion is stated as follows: A far more and well elaborated on-line measurement system at the plants would become a needed tool for improved water environment protection at lower costs.

Measurement of Particle Velocity, Particle Size Distribution and Concentration in Particulate Suspension by Transmission Fluctuation Correlation Spectrometry

In coal-fired power generation industry, parameters such as particle size affect combustion efficiency. Especially in the application of two-phase flow clean energy, the parameters such as particle velocity, particle size distribution and concentration are very important, because the coal particle velocity, concentration or size range have an impact on the whole combustion process. This paper introduces an optical measurement setup based on the transmission fluctuation correlation spectrum measurement technique, which realizes the simultaneous measurement of particle velocity, particle size distribution and concentration. Compared with image method, ultrasonic spectrum method and other methods, the experimental device is simple and low-cost.

基于阻抗在线测量的锂离子电池过放电诱发内短路识别研究

锂离子电池的过放电行为可诱发内短路进而可能导致热失控。由于单体电池一致性差异和过放电导致的内短路初期电、热特征不明显,使得电压和温度等常规物理参数难以可靠实现故障预警,而阻抗可以反映电池内部信息,对故障状态具有较好的指示能力。该文通过分析锂离子电池过放电诱发内短路引起阻抗变化的机理,基于设计的阻抗在线测量装置,确定用于监测电池内短路故障的特征阻抗频率为70 Hz,获取过放电诱发内短路过程中特征频率下动态阻抗及阻抗变化率,提出一种基于动态阻抗特征的内短路在线识别方法并验证了方法的可靠性。实验结果表明,锂离子电池放电过程中动态阻抗半正弦变化特征可提前约144 s实现过放电预警,动态阻抗针状变化特征可提前约152 s实现内短路故障预警,动态阻抗明显回升特征可作为内短路发生的标志。此外,阻抗变化率特征有助于实现锂离子电池故障识别及预警,该方法在锂离子电池故障在线快速诊断中具有重要的应用潜力。