Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential tool for the study of pancreatic diseases. Specifically, EUS plays a pivotal role evaluating patients with a known or suspected pancreatic mass. In this setting, dif...Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential tool for the study of pancreatic diseases. Specifically, EUS plays a pivotal role evaluating patients with a known or suspected pancreatic mass. In this setting, differential diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) have been proven to be safe and useful tools in this setting. EUS-guided FNA and FNB, by obtaining cytological and/or histological samples, are able to diagnose pancreatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. In this context, several methodological features, trying to increase the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided FNA and FNB, have been evaluated. In this review, we focus on the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). From data reported in the literature, ROSE may increase diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA specimens by 10%-30%, and thus, diagnostic accuracy. However, we should point out that many recent studies have reported adequacy rates of > 90% without ROSE, indicating that, perhaps, at high-volume centers, ROSE may not be indispensable to achieve excellent results. The use of ROSE can be considered important during the learning curve of EUS-FNA, and also in hospital with diagnostic accuracy rates < 90%.展开更多
Approximately 20% of homes nationwide use an on-site treatment system as a form of household wastewater management. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on-site treatment systems malfunction each year, many of which h...Approximately 20% of homes nationwide use an on-site treatment system as a form of household wastewater management. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on-site treatment systems malfunction each year, many of which have either failed or exceeded the soil’s long-term acceptance rate (LTAR), causing environmental and human health risks. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of soil condition (e.g., wet and dry) and product architecture type [i.e., chamber, gravel-less-pipe (GLP), polystyrene-aggregate, and pipe-and-aggregate] on in-product solution storage and biomat thickness in a profile-limited soil in northwest Arkansas under increased loading rates and to estimate the LTAR for each product. During Phase I of this study (March 13 to October 4, 2013), effluent loading rates were approximately doubled, while rates were approximately quadrupled during Phase II (October 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the maximum allowable loading rate for each product. The pipe-and-tire-chip, 46-cm-wide trench pipe-and-gravel, and the 25-cm diameter GLP products had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 31-cm-width and the 5.4-m-long chambers had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during wet-soil conditions of Phase I monitoring. The 25-cm diameter GLP product had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 61-cm-width, 5.4-m-long chamber had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during Phase II. Results of this study indicate that some alternative products may be able to effectively handle effluent loading rates in excess of those currently allowed by the State of Arkansas. Further research will be required to confirm these interpretations.展开更多
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and hardness test were used to study the evolution of long plate-shaped S'phase in the spray-formed fine-grained Al−Cu−Mg alloy durin...High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and hardness test were used to study the evolution of long plate-shaped S'phase in the spray-formed fine-grained Al−Cu−Mg alloy during aging after rapid cold punching deformation.Results show that the long plate-shaped S'phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy undergoes evident distortion,brittle failure,separation and redissolution,during rapid cold punching deformation,leading to the transformation of long plate-shaped S'phase into short rod or even redissolution and disappearance,causing the matrix to become a supersaturated solid solution.After the aging treatment,the reprecipitation of the phases occurs,and these aging phases are mainly long plate-shaped and granular.The incompletely dissolved S'phase acts as nucleation core,promoting uphill diffusion of the surrounding solute atoms.The S'phase gradually grows with increasing the aging time.The completely dissolved S'phase forms the incoherent equilibrium phase with the matrix to reduce its free energy.After rapid cold punching,the aging response of the deformed Al−Cu−Mg alloy is accelerated,and the hardness of the alloy is substantially increased.展开更多
The optical observation results of neocrystallization nucleation and growth of fine fully lamellar (FFL) α 2/ γ microstructure of a TiAl based alloy in rapid heating cyclic heat treatment process were reported. The ...The optical observation results of neocrystallization nucleation and growth of fine fully lamellar (FFL) α 2/ γ microstructure of a TiAl based alloy in rapid heating cyclic heat treatment process were reported. The characteristics of α+γ→α transformation under rapid heating conditions were analysed. A model for explaining the nucleation and growth mechanism of FFL α 2/ γ microstructure was proposed.展开更多
A simple method to prepare of DNA template suitable for PCR amplification from filamentous fungi will be valuable for improving experimental efficiency.Here,a method was developed which just needed ultrasonic treatmen...A simple method to prepare of DNA template suitable for PCR amplification from filamentous fungi will be valuable for improving experimental efficiency.Here,a method was developed which just needed ultrasonic treatment of the mycelium at usual condition,and the produced solution could directly be used as DNA template for internal transcribed spacer(ITS)amplification successfully.The PCR could be improved by additional treatment of 60℃water baths,but was not centrifugation.When the template amount was 0.5-2μL and the ultrasonic time was 7-11 min,there was no distinctly influences on PCR.The method was commonly used for M.purpureus,I.cicadae,Lentinula sp.,Flammul sp.and Dictyophora sp.etc.to detect target sequences of ITS,hygromycin resistance gene(Hyg),CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),Citrinin gene C(CtnC),Citrinin gene D(CtnD),large subunit rRNA gene(NL),and so on.The method could provide a simple,rapid,safe and economic approach to prepare the DNA template for large-scale PCR of the special filamentous fungi materials.展开更多
It is widely recognized that chronic hyperglycemia decreases bone quality,although little is known about the impact of the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia on the quality of bone remodeling.This spotlight art...It is widely recognized that chronic hyperglycemia decreases bone quality,although little is known about the impact of the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia on the quality of bone remodeling.This spotlight article explores this correlation by focusing on the stages of bone remodeling linked to glucose levels.展开更多
This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and...This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and oil trap and contained small amounts of oil and grease,dissolved and total solids,organic matter and trace of organic and inorganic compounds from the vitamins and minerals of avocado.The treatment train is located in an small surface and the train is integrated with coagulation in line with alumina in a static mixer,rapid filtration in two steps,double advanced oxidation with ozone and heterocyclic photocatalysis with a nanofilm of zinc oxide as,photocatalyzer and final adsorption of refractory compounds with activated charcoal.The treated wastewater meets the environmental regulation to urban sewerage discharges of the city,according to the results of a Mexican Certified Laboratory.展开更多
The renovated water in the rapid infiltration system (RI) as area for fish and duck farming is feasible. The flesh of fish and duck is edible. The farming of fish for 5 months and duck for 120 - 130 days can be accept...The renovated water in the rapid infiltration system (RI) as area for fish and duck farming is feasible. The flesh of fish and duck is edible. The farming of fish for 5 months and duck for 120 - 130 days can be accepted. It is beneficial to environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can make up for the cost of wastewater treatment.展开更多
Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.De...Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.Despite high initial expectations of cardioprotective effects,there has been substantial distrust following important randomized clinical trials,such as the Women’s Health Initiative.Subsequently,the timing of treatment in relation to the onset of menopause came under consideration and led to the proposal of the timing hypothesis,that early initial treatment is important,and benefits are lost as the timing since menopause becomes prolonged.Subsequent analyses of the Women’s Health Initiative data,together with more recent data from randomized and observational trials,consistently show reductions in coronary heart disease and mortality in younger menopausal women.Regarding cognitive function,the timing hypothesis is consistent with observations from basic and animal studies.There is some clinical evidence to support the benefits of hormonal therapy in this context,though skepticism remains due to the paucity of clinical trials of substantial length in younger menopausal women.It is likely that the effects of estrogens on cognitive performance are due to rapid mechanisms,including mechanisms that influence Ca2+homeostasis dynamics,provide protection in a hostile environment and reduce inflammatory signals from neural tissues.In the future,inflammatory profiles accounting for early signs of pathological inflammation might help identify the‘window of opportunity’to use estrogen therapy for successful cognitive protection.展开更多
Pathogenic microorganisms can cause infectious diseases in the human body and cause harm to humans.Under the continuous changes of human life style,sudden infectious diseases and sudden pathogenic microbial contaminat...Pathogenic microorganisms can cause infectious diseases in the human body and cause harm to humans.Under the continuous changes of human life style,sudden infectious diseases and sudden pathogenic microbial contamination in food have brought great challenges to human health.Traditional pathogenic microorganism detection is mainly carried out in laboratories with low speed,and requires experienced operators,which greatly affects the detection efficiency,and real-time monitoring cannot be achieved in the face of epidemics or food contamination.In response to these new situations,new on-site rapid detection methods have become a must,but to achieve the purpose of on-site rapid and immediate detection,higher requirements have been put forward to sensitivity and specificity.Due to their special photoelectric properties and adsorption properties,nanomaterials have gradually been applied in on-site rapid detection methods such as biosensors,and some substantial progress has been made.In this study,we introduced the actual application of nanomaterials in testing and their applications in on-site rapid testing,and made some prospects for the development of on-site rapid testing methods.展开更多
The effects of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment on mechanical properties of a TiAl based alloy (Ti 33Al 3Cr) were studied by means of an induction heating machine. The results show that: 1) fine fully lamellar micr...The effects of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment on mechanical properties of a TiAl based alloy (Ti 33Al 3Cr) were studied by means of an induction heating machine. The results show that: 1) fine fully lamellar microstructure with colony size of about 50 μm and lamellar spacing of about 0.12 μm can be obtained; 2) the compression mechanical properties can be improved to a large extent and the best comprehensive compression mechanical properties can reach the yield stress 745 MPa, the large flow stress 1 672 MPa and the compression ratio 19.4%; and 3) the compression fracture at room temperature after induction heat treatment and aging is still typical cleavage fracture.展开更多
In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, it is important to keep a given temperature rising speed of the wafer during the temperature rising process. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the tempe...In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, it is important to keep a given temperature rising speed of the wafer during the temperature rising process. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the temperature rising speed of a ceramic ball of 2 mm in diameter heated with four halogen lamp heaters. The heating rate of the halogen lamp heaters was controlled by computer to keep a given temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s with a controlling time interval of 0.1 s. We examined the effect of various heating control methods on the error of the temperature rising speed of the ceramic ball. We found that a combined method of control with prepared correlation and PID （proportional integral derivative） control is a good method to decrease the error of the temperature rising speed. The average error of the temperature rising speed is 0.5 ℃/s, and the repetition error is almost zero for the temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s from 330 ℃ to 370 ℃. We also measured the effects of artificial control delay time and measuring error of the monitoring temperature on the error of the temperature rising speed.展开更多
This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentatio...This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation and filtration versus one alternative integrated for in-line coagulation to precondition to rapid filtration.The wastewater was from the Azcapotzalco Campus in Mexico City,and in both cases,we characterized the wastewater,measured:pH,conductivity,temperature,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen,ORP(Oxide Reduction Potential),turbidity,and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand).Conventional treatment was slightly better treatment,but the alternative treatment represents saving in equipment,reactive,energy and time,so it was considered a viable technical and economic wastewater primary treatment.展开更多
文摘Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential tool for the study of pancreatic diseases. Specifically, EUS plays a pivotal role evaluating patients with a known or suspected pancreatic mass. In this setting, differential diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) have been proven to be safe and useful tools in this setting. EUS-guided FNA and FNB, by obtaining cytological and/or histological samples, are able to diagnose pancreatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. In this context, several methodological features, trying to increase the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided FNA and FNB, have been evaluated. In this review, we focus on the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). From data reported in the literature, ROSE may increase diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA specimens by 10%-30%, and thus, diagnostic accuracy. However, we should point out that many recent studies have reported adequacy rates of > 90% without ROSE, indicating that, perhaps, at high-volume centers, ROSE may not be indispensable to achieve excellent results. The use of ROSE can be considered important during the learning curve of EUS-FNA, and also in hospital with diagnostic accuracy rates < 90%.
文摘Approximately 20% of homes nationwide use an on-site treatment system as a form of household wastewater management. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on-site treatment systems malfunction each year, many of which have either failed or exceeded the soil’s long-term acceptance rate (LTAR), causing environmental and human health risks. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of soil condition (e.g., wet and dry) and product architecture type [i.e., chamber, gravel-less-pipe (GLP), polystyrene-aggregate, and pipe-and-aggregate] on in-product solution storage and biomat thickness in a profile-limited soil in northwest Arkansas under increased loading rates and to estimate the LTAR for each product. During Phase I of this study (March 13 to October 4, 2013), effluent loading rates were approximately doubled, while rates were approximately quadrupled during Phase II (October 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the maximum allowable loading rate for each product. The pipe-and-tire-chip, 46-cm-wide trench pipe-and-gravel, and the 25-cm diameter GLP products had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 31-cm-width and the 5.4-m-long chambers had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during wet-soil conditions of Phase I monitoring. The 25-cm diameter GLP product had the greatest (p < 0.001), while the 61-cm-width, 5.4-m-long chamber had the lowest (p < 0.001) in-product solution storage during Phase II. Results of this study indicate that some alternative products may be able to effectively handle effluent loading rates in excess of those currently allowed by the State of Arkansas. Further research will be required to confirm these interpretations.
基金financially supported by the Major Special Projects in Anhui Province,China(No.202003c08020005)the Key Projects in Hunan Province,China(No.2020GK2045).
文摘High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and hardness test were used to study the evolution of long plate-shaped S'phase in the spray-formed fine-grained Al−Cu−Mg alloy during aging after rapid cold punching deformation.Results show that the long plate-shaped S'phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy undergoes evident distortion,brittle failure,separation and redissolution,during rapid cold punching deformation,leading to the transformation of long plate-shaped S'phase into short rod or even redissolution and disappearance,causing the matrix to become a supersaturated solid solution.After the aging treatment,the reprecipitation of the phases occurs,and these aging phases are mainly long plate-shaped and granular.The incompletely dissolved S'phase acts as nucleation core,promoting uphill diffusion of the surrounding solute atoms.The S'phase gradually grows with increasing the aging time.The completely dissolved S'phase forms the incoherent equilibrium phase with the matrix to reduce its free energy.After rapid cold punching,the aging response of the deformed Al−Cu−Mg alloy is accelerated,and the hardness of the alloy is substantially increased.
文摘The optical observation results of neocrystallization nucleation and growth of fine fully lamellar (FFL) α 2/ γ microstructure of a TiAl based alloy in rapid heating cyclic heat treatment process were reported. The characteristics of α+γ→α transformation under rapid heating conditions were analysed. A model for explaining the nucleation and growth mechanism of FFL α 2/ γ microstructure was proposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81960692)the Science and Technology Support Program of Guizhou Province(2019-2776)。
文摘A simple method to prepare of DNA template suitable for PCR amplification from filamentous fungi will be valuable for improving experimental efficiency.Here,a method was developed which just needed ultrasonic treatment of the mycelium at usual condition,and the produced solution could directly be used as DNA template for internal transcribed spacer(ITS)amplification successfully.The PCR could be improved by additional treatment of 60℃water baths,but was not centrifugation.When the template amount was 0.5-2μL and the ultrasonic time was 7-11 min,there was no distinctly influences on PCR.The method was commonly used for M.purpureus,I.cicadae,Lentinula sp.,Flammul sp.and Dictyophora sp.etc.to detect target sequences of ITS,hygromycin resistance gene(Hyg),CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),Citrinin gene C(CtnC),Citrinin gene D(CtnD),large subunit rRNA gene(NL),and so on.The method could provide a simple,rapid,safe and economic approach to prepare the DNA template for large-scale PCR of the special filamentous fungi materials.
文摘It is widely recognized that chronic hyperglycemia decreases bone quality,although little is known about the impact of the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia on the quality of bone remodeling.This spotlight article explores this correlation by focusing on the stages of bone remodeling linked to glucose levels.
文摘This paper describes the wastewater treatment of 3 liters per second of capacity of discharges of capacity,from the avocado washed,as well as the production of avocado sauce.Effluents were pretreated with a grease and oil trap and contained small amounts of oil and grease,dissolved and total solids,organic matter and trace of organic and inorganic compounds from the vitamins and minerals of avocado.The treatment train is located in an small surface and the train is integrated with coagulation in line with alumina in a static mixer,rapid filtration in two steps,double advanced oxidation with ozone and heterocyclic photocatalysis with a nanofilm of zinc oxide as,photocatalyzer and final adsorption of refractory compounds with activated charcoal.The treated wastewater meets the environmental regulation to urban sewerage discharges of the city,according to the results of a Mexican Certified Laboratory.
文摘The renovated water in the rapid infiltration system (RI) as area for fish and duck farming is feasible. The flesh of fish and duck is edible. The farming of fish for 5 months and duck for 120 - 130 days can be accepted. It is beneficial to environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can make up for the cost of wastewater treatment.
文摘Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.Despite high initial expectations of cardioprotective effects,there has been substantial distrust following important randomized clinical trials,such as the Women’s Health Initiative.Subsequently,the timing of treatment in relation to the onset of menopause came under consideration and led to the proposal of the timing hypothesis,that early initial treatment is important,and benefits are lost as the timing since menopause becomes prolonged.Subsequent analyses of the Women’s Health Initiative data,together with more recent data from randomized and observational trials,consistently show reductions in coronary heart disease and mortality in younger menopausal women.Regarding cognitive function,the timing hypothesis is consistent with observations from basic and animal studies.There is some clinical evidence to support the benefits of hormonal therapy in this context,though skepticism remains due to the paucity of clinical trials of substantial length in younger menopausal women.It is likely that the effects of estrogens on cognitive performance are due to rapid mechanisms,including mechanisms that influence Ca2+homeostasis dynamics,provide protection in a hostile environment and reduce inflammatory signals from neural tissues.In the future,inflammatory profiles accounting for early signs of pathological inflammation might help identify the‘window of opportunity’to use estrogen therapy for successful cognitive protection.
文摘Pathogenic microorganisms can cause infectious diseases in the human body and cause harm to humans.Under the continuous changes of human life style,sudden infectious diseases and sudden pathogenic microbial contamination in food have brought great challenges to human health.Traditional pathogenic microorganism detection is mainly carried out in laboratories with low speed,and requires experienced operators,which greatly affects the detection efficiency,and real-time monitoring cannot be achieved in the face of epidemics or food contamination.In response to these new situations,new on-site rapid detection methods have become a must,but to achieve the purpose of on-site rapid and immediate detection,higher requirements have been put forward to sensitivity and specificity.Due to their special photoelectric properties and adsorption properties,nanomaterials have gradually been applied in on-site rapid detection methods such as biosensors,and some substantial progress has been made.In this study,we introduced the actual application of nanomaterials in testing and their applications in on-site rapid testing,and made some prospects for the development of on-site rapid testing methods.
文摘The effects of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment on mechanical properties of a TiAl based alloy (Ti 33Al 3Cr) were studied by means of an induction heating machine. The results show that: 1) fine fully lamellar microstructure with colony size of about 50 μm and lamellar spacing of about 0.12 μm can be obtained; 2) the compression mechanical properties can be improved to a large extent and the best comprehensive compression mechanical properties can reach the yield stress 745 MPa, the large flow stress 1 672 MPa and the compression ratio 19.4%; and 3) the compression fracture at room temperature after induction heat treatment and aging is still typical cleavage fracture.
文摘In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, it is important to keep a given temperature rising speed of the wafer during the temperature rising process. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the temperature rising speed of a ceramic ball of 2 mm in diameter heated with four halogen lamp heaters. The heating rate of the halogen lamp heaters was controlled by computer to keep a given temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s with a controlling time interval of 0.1 s. We examined the effect of various heating control methods on the error of the temperature rising speed of the ceramic ball. We found that a combined method of control with prepared correlation and PID （proportional integral derivative） control is a good method to decrease the error of the temperature rising speed. The average error of the temperature rising speed is 0.5 ℃/s, and the repetition error is almost zero for the temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/s from 330 ℃ to 370 ℃. We also measured the effects of artificial control delay time and measuring error of the monitoring temperature on the error of the temperature rising speed.
文摘This paper evaluated two different wastewater primary treatments of wastewater from the“Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana,Azcapotzalco Campus”,a conventional one integrated for coagulation,flocculation,sedimentation and filtration versus one alternative integrated for in-line coagulation to precondition to rapid filtration.The wastewater was from the Azcapotzalco Campus in Mexico City,and in both cases,we characterized the wastewater,measured:pH,conductivity,temperature,total dissolved solids,dissolved oxygen,ORP(Oxide Reduction Potential),turbidity,and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand).Conventional treatment was slightly better treatment,but the alternative treatment represents saving in equipment,reactive,energy and time,so it was considered a viable technical and economic wastewater primary treatment.
