Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients-evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings:The CHOICE study

BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies,including cancer chemotherapy.HBV reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality,which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis.AIM To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV(CHB)and occult HBV infection(OBI)among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemo-therapy.METHODS In this observational study,the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving chemotherapy.Serological markers of HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc)]were evaluated for all patients.HBV DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total anti-HBc.RESULTS The prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3%[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.0-4.2].Additionally,the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8%(95%CI:0.2-2.3).CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.Identifying individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBV infection,which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

Personalized medicine:Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment

Cancer,the second leading global cause of death,impacts both physically and emotionally.Conventional treatments such as surgeries,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy have adverse effects,driving the need for more precise approaches.Precision medicine enables more targeted treatments.Genetic mapping,alongside other molecular biology approaches,identifies specific genes,contributing to accurate prognoses.The review addresses,in clinical use,a molecular perspective on treatment.Biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein,beta-human chorionic gonadotropin,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid,programmed death-1,and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 are explored,providing valuable information.Bioinformatics,with an emphasis on artificial intelligence,revolutionizes the analysis of biological data,offering more accurate diagnoses.Techniques like liquid biopsy are emphasized for early detection.Precision medicine guides therapeutic strategies based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor,as evidenced in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Classifications allow personalized treatments,highlighting the role of trastuzumab and endocrine therapies.Despite the benefits,challenges persist,including high costs,tumor heterogeneity,and ethical issues.Overcoming obstacles requires collaboration,ensuring that advances in molecular biology translate into accessible benefits for all.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends of Exercise in Oncology During the Past Three Decades

Recently, studies have found that exercise can promote recovery in cancer patients. Based on bibliometric analysis, this paper discusses the trends and hot spots of exercise oncology research in the past 30 years. The Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was searched to obtain information on publications and records published between 1993 to 2023.VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct bibliometric and visual analyanalysis on the overall distribution of keywords and highly cited papers, and a total of 1775 articles were retrieved. Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of publications and Fearon ranked first in 2013 with a total of 605 citations.

Analysis of the Necessity and Modalities of Imparting Death Education to Medical Students Undergoing Training in Oncology Departments

Patients with advanced-stage tumors may experience various psychological problems that can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the quality of their survival.Therefore,it is crucial for oncologists to prioritize addressing the psychological issues that patients encounter throughout the diagnosis and treatment process.As future frontline healthcare professionals,oncology medical students should receive education on end-of-life care early on in their training.This will enable them to develop a profound appreciation for the value of life,deliver improved medical services,and contribute to the humanization of medicine.Furthermore,they will be able to provide terminal patients and their families with effective professional guidance,assisting patients in finding peaceful endings with minimal pain and helping families come to terms with the inevitable realities they face.Moreover,this education can effectively enhance their sense of responsibility toward life and cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude toward their own lives.

Community-Based Oncology Nursing:Current Status and Prospects-A Secondary Publication

Objective:Currently,it is difficult to determine whether a comprehensive and systematic community-based cancer care project is properly implemented.The purpose of this article is to present the current status and prospects of community-based oncology nursing by reviewing related literature.Methods:A new cancer care model was established through the analysis of existing models and a literature review of community-based cancer prevention,cancer screening,cancer survivor care,and cancer patient hospice care.Results:The Comprehensive Cancer Care Model(CCCM)was esrablished.The CCCM organizes the stages of cancer treatment and the cancer journey on the horizontal axis.On the vertical axis,public health centers,oncology hospitals,cancer convalescent hospitals,primary care physicians,and prayer centers were involved.The levels of participation of human resources among institutions and the degree of interconnection between organizations was observed.Conclusion:It is expected that CCCM will be used for holistic,sustainable,and cost-effective cancer management.In community-based oncology nursing,the team of health promotion nurses in public health centers is in charge of population-based cancer prevention and early detection programs,while the visiting health management team of nurses is in charge of individual-based cancer survivor and hospice programs.

Survey and Analysis of Postoperative Quality of Life in Gynaecological Oncology Patients

Goal:To investigate the current status of quality of life of postoperative patients with gynaecological tumours,and to analyse the relevant factors affecting the quality of life of postoperative patients with gynaecological tumours.Method:One hundred and fifty-three postoperative gynecological oncology patients who attended the gynaecology and oncology departments of three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from June 2023 to March 2024 were investigated by convenience sampling method.The patients’postoperative survival quality was investigated through the General Information Survey Scale and Quality of Life Score Scale.Results:The quality of life measurement scale score of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients in this study was(121.27±10.87),in which there was a difference in the quality of life of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients of different age,education level,marital status,and per capita monthly income of the family,p<0.05.Conclude:The quality of life level of postoperative gynaecological oncology patients is generally good,and age,literacy,marital status,and per capita monthly family income are important factors in the postoperative quality of life of gynaecological oncology patients.Healthcare professionals should focus on patients with older age,lower education level,unstable marital status,and poor economic status,and provide personalised targeted interventions to improve their quality of life.

Exercise and oncology:The role of physical activity in disease prevention and health promotion

The field of exercise-oncology has evolved significantly over the past 30 years.Numerous studies have examined the role of structured exercise interventions—often incorporating aerobic or resistance training at moderate-to-vigorous intensities,sometimes in conjunction with multi-modal strategies—for individuals living with and beyond cancer.

Application of evidence-based medicine methods in integrative oncology research

To present the advances of evidence-based medicine and clinical research methodology in integrative oncology,we conducted a literature review of real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in cancer care and summarized the available evidence.Pragmatic randomized controlled trials(pRCTs)and clinical registry studies are becoming more popular as they could compensate for the limitations of RCTs.Many RCTs of TCM for cancer treatment as well as systematic reviews have been published.The most investigated therapies are based on acupuncture,Chinese herbal compounds,and Chinese patent medicines.Acupuncture has a significant advantage in relieving cancer-related symptoms.Published studies focus more on improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators.However,the patient's quality of life deserves more attention.

Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology:An overview

Central nervous system(CNS)infections are urgent conditions with high morbidity and mortality.Bacteria,viruses,parasites or fungi can cause them.Intracranial infections after craniotomies are an important complication of treatment,especially in oncological patients that are already immunologically compromised due to the disease and treatment.The consequence of CNS infections in oncological patients includes longer treatment with antibiotics,additional surgical procedures,higher treatment costs and poorer treatment outcomes.Additionally,the management of primary pathology may be prolonged or postponed as a result of the active infection.By introducing new and improved protocols,tightening controls on their implementation,constantly educating the entire team involved in patient treatment and educating both patients and relatives,the incidence of infections can be reduced effectively.

The Psychological Experience of the Nursing Staff of the Medical Oncology Department in Cameroon: Case of the YaoundéGeneral Hospital

Background: The world of cancer care is an emotional place, given the severity of the disease being treated, the heavy workload, the suffering of patients, and the high number of deaths. The nursing staff who work there may be exposed to constant stress from these factors. This study aimed to explore the psychological experience of the nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study, in June 2017, involving the nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital. Results: Sixteen out of 18 nurses were interviewed. All had worked in at least one other department prior to Oncology. The number of years of experience in Oncology ranged from less than one year to 13 years. The choice of the Oncology department was involuntary for 100% of the staff;of these, 62% had intentions of changing departments. Twenty-five percent had applied for a change of department, which was unsuccessful. Stress was expressed by 94% of the staff;93% thought that there was a solution to the stress experienced on a daily basis in the Oncology department. The main solutions proposed to manage this stress were: support for the staff, provision of work materials, and staff training. Conclusion: The nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital experiences a high level of stress and are in need of solutions.

Nursing Care in Patient with Advanced Cancer: The Experience of the Adult Oncology Unit of Lomé

Background: Cancer patients suffer physical, psychological, spiritual, and social pains, especially in the advanced stage. Nurses spend more time with patients than any other healthcare team member. This study aimed to assess nurses’ behavior and care experiences in patients with advanced cancer and explore patients’ perceptions of nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with eight nurses and thirty patients with advanced cancer hospitalized in the oncology unit at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé from July to August 2020. Results: The mean age of nurses was 34.3 years ranging from 23 to 48 years. There were five men (62.5%) and three women (37.5%). The mean duration of working in oncology nursing of all was less than two years. Only one nurse has training in palliative care. Stress (100%), sadness (100%), and fear (50%) were the most frequently expressed feeling of nurses. The frequently expressed difficulties were the lack of training in palliative care (87.5%), insufficiency of nursing staff (75%), and helplessness in front of the patient’s distress (75%). Among the thirty patients, were 22 women (72.7%) and 8 men (27.3%). The needs expressed by the patients were psychological support (n = 11;36.7%), pain relief (n = 10;33.3%), and moral support (n = 9;30%). Most of the patients (73.3%) affirmed that nurses did not inform them well about their disease. Three (10%) were very satisfied with the care provided, 23 patients (76.7%) were satisfied and 4 (13.3%) were unsatisfied. Conclusion: This study revealed that nursing care in Togolese patients with cancer faces many difficulties and there is a need for providing specialized oncology nursing.

Analysis of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Patients Undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging for Oncology

Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at our institution a Philips Time of Flight scanner. Our local patient’s radiation protection rules requires continuous assessment of radiation doses delivered to our patients. Purposes: The objectives of this study are to develop a weight- based facility DRLs for paediatric F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging for oncology in a large tertiary hospital and to determine whether the calculated DRLs compares with internationally published DRLs. Materials & Methods: Radiation dose data and patient demographics of two-hundreds and sixteen paediatric PET-CT oncology patients imaging procedures from one large tertiary hospital were selected and analysed in order to establish a facility paediatric DRLs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The PET dose reference levels ranged between [62 - 525] MBq of injected activity for a range of pediatric age groups. The CTDIvol values were between 3.5 and 16.5 mGy for all age groups. Comparison with current EANM and SNMMI recommendations of patient’s dose are discussed. Conclusion: Our pediatric PET/CT reference levels are higher than the ones reported internationally with notable variations. .

New Year’s greeting and overview of World Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2021

Although the whole world has been suffering under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 epidemic,the World Journal of Clinical Oncology(WJCO)was able to productively direct our efforts in the field through 2020.This was only accomplished through the collective efforts and support of our Editorial Board members,peer reviewers,authors,readers and editorial office staff.In 2020,the WJCO published 12 issues encompassing 84 papers,a 115.4%increase over 2019(39 papers).In December of 2020,we strategized a plan to solicit even more high-quality contributions for WJCO in 2021.So far,we have registered and accepted 188 manuscript titles,including 132 reviews and 56 original articles.In the New Year,we will work with our internal and external colleagues who care about and support the development of WJCO with the express aim of improving the academic rank of WJCO in the field of oncology.Ultimately,our goal is to merit and gain inclusion in the Science Citation Index Expanded,with the first impact factor being awarded as soon as possible.

Immuno-oncology combinations： raising the tail of the survival curve

There have been exponential gains in immuno-oncology in recent times through the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer,immune checkpoint inhibitors also appears to have significant antitumor activity in multiple other tumor types. An exciting component of immunotherapy is the durability of antitumor responses observed, with some patients achieving disease control for many years. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit, and efforts should thus now focus on improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through the use of combination approaches and predictive biomarkers of response and resistance. There are multiple potential rational combinations using an immunotherapy backbone, including existing treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agents, as well as other immunotherapeutics. The aim of such antitumor strategies will be to raise the tail on the survival curve by increasing the number of long term survivors, while managing any additive or synergistic toxicities that may arise with immunotherapy combinations. Rational trial designs based on a clear understanding of tumor biology and drug pharmacology remain paramount. This article reviews the biology underpinning immuno-oncology, discusses existing and novel immunotherapeutic combinations currently in development, the challenges of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance and the impact of immuno-oncology on early phase clinical trial design.

The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology Question 2-5.Obesity-related cancers:more questions than answers

Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition.

Molecular regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in gastrointestinal oncology:Progress and updates

Gastrointestinal(GI)tumors,including liver,pancreatic,gastric,and colorectal cancers,have a high incidence rate and low survival rate due to the lack of effective therapeutic methods and frequent relapses.Surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy have largely reduced the fatality rates for most GI tumors,but these therapeutic approaches result in poor prognoses due to severe adverse reactions and the development of drug resistance.Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in the onset and progression of GI tumors.Ferroptosis is a new non-apoptotic form of cell death,which is iron-dependent,non-apoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS).The activation of ferroptosis can lead to tumor cell death.Thus,regulating ferroptosis in tumor cells may become a new therapeutic approach for tumors,making it become a research hotspot.Current studies suggest that ferroptosis is mainly triggered by the accumulation of lipid ROS.Furthermore,several studies have indicated that ferroptosis may be a new approach for the treatment of GI tumors.Here,we review current research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis,current inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis,and the role of ferroptosis in GI tumors to propose new methods for the treatment of such tumors.

The promises and challenges of patient-derived tumor organoids in drug development and precision oncology

In the era of precision medicine,cancer researchers and oncologists are eagerly searching for more realistic,cost effective,and timely tumor models to aid drug development and precision oncology.Tumor models that can faithfully recapitulate the histological and molecular characteristics of various human tumors will be extremely valuable in increasing the successful rate of oncology drug development and discovering the most efficacious treatment regimen for cancer patients.Two‐dimensional(2D)cultured cancer cell lines,genetically engineered mouse tumor(GEMT)models,and patient‐derived tumor xenograft(PDTX)models have been widely used to investigate the biology of various types of cancers and test the efficacy of oncology drug candidates.However,due to either the failure to faithfully recapitulate the complexity of patient tumors in the case of 2D cultured cancer cells,or high cost and untimely for drug screening and testing in the case of GEMT and PDTX,new tumor models are urgently needed.The recently developed patient‐derived tumor organoids(PDTO)offer great potentials in uncovering novel biology of cancer development,accelerating the discovery of oncology drugs,and individualizing the treatment of cancers.In this review,we will summarize the recent progress in utilizing PDTO for oncology drug discovery.In addition,we will discuss the potentials and limitations of the current PDTO tumor models.

Brazilian questionnaire of competencies of oncology nurses:Construction and test of content validation

Objective: This study aimed to describe construction and content validation of the Brazilian Questionnaire of Competencies of Oncology Nurses.Methods: The methodological research was constructed based on the literature and observation in Brazilian hospitals searching to identify local evidence in the nursing practice.After,the construction of the 30 items distributed in eight sub-dimensions of competencies,the instrument was tested the content validation by 7 experts and 61 oncology nurses.Item responses were analyzed through content validity index and Cronbach's α were used in this test pilot.Results: The content validity index of the scale was 0.90,and the content validity index of each item was 0.80-1.00.The mean of items varied between 4.98 (standard deviation =0.13) and 4.70 (standard deviation =0.53).The Cronbach's α of the instrument was 0.77.The Cronbach's α if each item was excluded ranged from 0.78 to 0.74,indicating consistency between items.Conclusion: The instrument is concise and clear,resulting in a valid content on test pilot in conducting a self-assessment the oncology nurses.It can be used to facilitate decision-making by identifying subdimensions that require attention in nursing education to improve patient care.

Watson for Oncology在乳腺癌治疗中的应用与思考

目的:本研究旨在分析Watson for Oncology在中国乳腺癌辅助诊治中的应用与医生MDT诊治的一致性,以及差异的可能原因。方法:于2017年1月至2018年1月收治早期乳腺癌患者92例和晚期乳腺癌患者40例。由乳腺癌MDT团队确定的治疗方案为医院方案;根据患者的基本情况,采用Watson for Oncology 17.10版给予的治疗方案为Watson方案,评估两者方案的一致性并解析差异的可能原因。结果:医院方案与Watson方案一致共计101例,占76.51%。其中早期和晚期乳腺癌方案一致分别为73例和28例,分别占79.35%和70.00%。医院方案在Watson方案中的绿色推荐方案49例,占37.12%;橙色考虑方案52例,占39.39%;粉色不推荐方案26例,占19.70%;医院方案另有5例方案不在Watson方案中,占3.79%。Watson方案与医院方案在组织学Ⅲ期的患者中一致率最高,达到95.00%,三阴性乳腺癌无论早期还是晚期都表现出最高的一致率,分别为86.67%和100%。早期Luminal A和晚期HER2阳性型的医院方案在Watson绿色推荐方案占比较低,仅27.27%和0%。早期乳腺癌差异原因包括中低危复发风险的11例患者应用紫杉醇联合环磷酰胺(TC方案)和2例患者应用表柔比星联合环磷酰胺(EC方案),而Watson方案推荐为阿柔比星+环磷酰胺序贯紫杉醇(AC-T方案)和CMF方案(国内很少应用的方案)。HER2阳性不一致的是Watson推荐CMF+曲妥珠单抗方案,而医院方案考虑心脏毒性小而治疗疗效与AC-TH相似的TCb H方案。晚期不一致原因是CDK4/6抑制剂未在国内上市应用等。结论:医院方案和Watson方案在中国乳腺癌患者的辅助治疗和晚期一线治疗中一致性较好,但组织学分期和分子分型影响医院方案与Watson方案的一致率,需要实现本地化优化辅助治疗方案。

Imaging evaluation of the liver in oncology patients:A comparison of techniques

The liver is commonly affected by metastatic disease.Therefore,it is essential to detect and characterize liver metastases,assuming that patient management and prognosis rely on it.The imaging techniques that allow non-invasive assessment of liver metastases include ultrasonography,computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography(PET)/CT,and PET/MRI.In this paper,we review the imaging findings of liver metastases,focusing on each imaging modality’s advantages and potential limitations.We also assess the importance of different imaging modalities for the management,follow-up,and therapy response of liver metastases.To date,both CT and MRI are the most appropriate imaging methods for initial lesion detection,follow-up,and assessment of treatment response.Multiparametric MRI is frequently used as a problem-solving technique for liver lesions and has evolved substantially over the past decade,including hardware and software developments and specific intravenous contrast agents.Several studies have shown that MRI performs better in small-sized metastases and moderate to severe liver steatosis cases.Although state-of-the-art MRI shows a greater sensitivity for detecting and characterizing liver metastases,CT remains the chosen method.We also present the controversial subject of the"economic implication"to use CT over MRI.