Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Alpine Freshwater Lake Nature Reserves in the Past 20 Years

The Caohai Nature Reserve is one of the three major plateau freshwater lakes in China.Since the 1950s,human activities such as land reclamation and population relocation have greatly damaged Caohai.A rapid evaluation of the spatiotemporal evolution trend of the ecological quality of the Caohai Nature Reserve is significant for the maintenance and construction of the ecosystem in this area.The research is based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)remote sensing cloud computing platform.Landsat TM/OLI images from May to October in five time periods:2000-2002,2004-2006,2009-2011,2014-2016,and 2019-2021 were obtained to reconstruct the optimal cloud image set by averaging the images in each time period.By constructing four ecological indicators:Greenness(NDVI),Wetness(Wet),Hotness(LST),and Dryness(NDBSI),and using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method to obtain the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)for the corresponding years,the spatiotemporal variation of ecological quality in the Caohai Nature Reserve over 20 years was analyzed.The results indicate:①the mean value of RSEI increased from 0.460 in 2000-2002 to 0.772 in 2019-2021,a 67.83%increase,indicating a significant improvement in the ecological quality of the reserve over the 20 years;②from the perspective of functional zoning of the Caohai Nature Reserve,the ecological quality of the core area showed a degrading trend,while the ecological quality of the buffer zone and experimental zone significantly improved;③with the implementation of ecological restoration projects,the ecological quality of the reserve gradually recovered and improved from 2014 to 2021.The trend of RSEI value changes is well correlated with human interventions,indicating that the PCA-based RSEI model can be effectively used for ecological quality assessment in lake areas.

Ecotourism Development Modes of Nature Reserves

Ecotourism is a significant approach for the protective development of nature reserves. Through analyzing the necessity of developing ecotourism, learning from the successful ecotourism development cases of nature reserves in China and abroad, the authors proposed a new Nature Reserve Protective Tourism Exploring Mode (NRPTEM) with the integration of "protection, development and management", such a mode contains 3 systems (protection, development and management), 12 projects (biodiversity protection, geological remains protection, protection of human ecology, environment monitoring, scientific planning, product development, market expansion, facility construction, capacity building, community co-management, environment education and management innovation) as well as human (a critical structural factor). The relationship between these items in the complicated process of ecotourism development of nature reserves was elaborated, and the dominant role of human factors in the 3 systems was also put forward.

Discussion on Planning and Construction of Villages and Towns in Nature Reserve——A Case Study of Weitun Town of Hengshui City in China

The development of nature reserve was closely related with that of villages and towns at its surrounding area.It was the core issue to be discussed in the paper as to how to form mutually beneficial relation between them and achieve both protection of nature reserve and economic development of villages and towns.Through analysis on internal relation between nature reserve and villages and towns,it put forward three methods for planning and construction of villages and towns around the nature reserve.By taking Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve in Weitun Town for example,it hoped to serve as a modest spur to induce exchange and discussion in the field.

Electronic Reserves System-基于Web的电子教学参考文献服务系统

网络技术的发展使传统的教学参考书服务正在走向数字化 ,这种全新的服务方式将会使高校师生得益匪浅。鉴于我国高校图书馆界正积极着手开展此项服务 ,本文参考了北美目前发展比较成熟的电子教学参考文献服务系统 ,对其系统模式及功能特点进行了分析 ,旨在为我国高校图书馆开展此项工作提供借鉴和参考。

美国E-reserves版权政策调研及启示

调研美国版权局、图书馆协会及数十所高校的E-reserves版权政策,对提交E-reserve材料的要求、E-reserve材料的范围和数量限制、E-reserve系统的访问、E-reserve材料的存储和再利用、部分E-reserve材料获得版权许可等方面的政策进行分析,并在此基础上探讨美国E-re-serves版权政策对我国的启示,包括发挥中国图书馆学会的行业领导作用、高校应制定自己的E-reserve政策、明确需要授权的材料、明晰E-reserve系统的权利与义务关系等内容。

高校图书馆Course Reserves服务研究

国外图书馆开展的课件贮存(Course Reserves)服务提高了图书馆的服务能力,取得了良好的效果。本文介绍了Course Reserves的意义和特点,探讨了高校图书馆开展Course Reserves服务的相关问题和步骤。

CT衍生的血流储备分数对梗阻性冠状动脉疾病患者主要不良心血管事件的预测价值研究

背景目前,血流储备分数(FFR)是评估冠状动脉血流的功能和生理学的金标准,与之相比,CT衍生的血流储备分数(CT-FFR)反映冠状动脉病变处血流动力学改变,以及在区分病变特异性缺血方面,均有较高的诊断性能和鉴别能力。目的评价CT-FFR对冠状动脉梗阻性稳定性胸痛患者发生MACE的预测价值。方法本研究纳入2017年1月—2021年6月在宁夏医科大学总医院因稳定性胸痛行冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)检查的患者116例为研究对象,中位随访时间2(0,25)个月。按照随访期内是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)将研究对象分为MACE组(55例)和非MACE组(61例)。比较两组间冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度和CT-FFR之间差异性;再分别根据狭窄程度及CT-FFR中位数将患者分类,比较不同分类患者MACE总发生率和随访<3个月、3~6个月、>6个月MACE的发生率。采用Spearman秩相关分析探讨冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度与CT-FFR之间的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨患者发生MACE的影响因素;绘制狭窄程度、CT-FFR及二者结合后预测冠状动脉梗阻性稳定性胸痛患者发生MACE的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并依据ROC曲线下面积(AUC)比较不同指标的预测性能。结果116例患者冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度中位数为70%(60%,80%),中位CT-FFR为0.79(0.74,0.85)。MACE组患者冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度高于非MACE组(Z=-4.41,P<0.001),CT-FFR低于非MACE组(Z=-5.54,P<0.001)。冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度70%~90%患者MACE发生率高于50%~69%患者(χ^(2)=19.221,P<0.001);CTFFR≤0.8患者MACE发生率高于CT-FFR>0.8患者(χ^(2)=30.025,P<0.001);不同冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度联合不同CT-FFR患者MACE发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.789,P<0.001)。冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度70%~90%患者随访时间<3个月MACE发生率高于50%~69%患者,CT-FFR≤0.8患者随访时间<3个月MACE发生率高于CT-FFR>0.8患者,狭窄程度70%~90%+CT-FFR≤0.8的患者随访时间<3个月MACE发生率高于其他分类(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度与CT-FFR呈负相关(rs=-0.5326,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度70%~90%(OR=3.085,95%CI=1.147~8.298,P=0.026)、CT-FFR≤0.8(OR=6.527,95%CI=2.560~16.641,P<0.001)是患者发生MACE的危险因素。冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度联合CT-FFR预测患者发生MACE的价值更高(AUC=0.812,95%CI=0.731~0.892,P<0.001)。结论冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度70%~90%、CT-FFR≤0.8可能是患者发生MACE的危险因素。与狭窄程度相比,CT-FFR对预测冠状动脉阻塞性稳定性胸痛患者发生MACE具有增益价值,狭窄程度与CT-FFR结合后的预测性能更佳。

基于案例分析的E-reserves版权问题研究

通过文献调研和网络调查结合的方式,获取到影响E-reserves版权的5个典型案例,经过分析发现:制作课程包未必是合理使用,大学未授权复制也要进行合法性判断,多数抗辩事由的法律根基不稳,图书馆多涉间接侵权。最后,探讨了规避E-reserves系统侵犯版权风险的相关理论问题,如,制定合理使用框架,合理使用四个因素未必都符合才算合理使用,取得版权许可是图书馆未来的趋势,存档版权作品且未被人使用才算合理使用。

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves

Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.

Siting of Dark Sky Reserves in China Based on Multi-source Spatial Data and Multiple Criteria Evaluation Method

With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide attention.Previous studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other aspects.Therefore, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive measure.So far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs worldwide.Based on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in China.The land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness conditions.Using a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of DSRs.Results found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

A Volumetric Model for Evaluating Tight Sandstone Gas Reserves in the Permian Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin,Central China

To accurately measure and evaluate reserves is critical for ensuring successful production of unconventional oil and gas. This work proposes a volumetric model to evaluate the tight sandstone gas reserves of the Permian Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin. The reserves can be determined by four major parameters of reservoir cutoffs, net pay, gas-bearing area and compression factor Z, which are controlled by reservoir characteristics and sedimentation. Well logging, seismic analysis, core analysis and gas testing, as well as thin section identification and SEM analysis were used to analyze the pore evolution and pore-throat structure. The porosity and permeability cutoffs are determined by distribution function curve,empirical statistics and intersection plot. Net pay and gas-bearing area are determined based on the cutoffs, gas testing and sand body distribution, and the compression factor Z is obtained by gas component. The results demonstrate that the reservoir in the Sulige gas field is characterized by ultralow porosity and permeability, and the cutoffs of porosity and permeability are 5% and 0.15×10^(–3) μm^2, respectively. The net pay and gas-bearing area are mainly affected by the sedimentary facies, sand body types and distribution. The gas component is dominated by methane which accounts for more than 90%, and the compression factor Z of H_8(P_2h_8) and S_1(P_1s_1) are 0.98 and 0.985, respectively. The distributary channels stacked and overlapped, forming a wide and thick sand body with good developed intergranular pores and intercrystalline pores. The upper part of channel sand with good porosity and permeability can be sweet spot for gas exploration. The complete set of calculation systems proposed for tight gas reserve calculation has proved to be effective based on application and feedback. This model provides a new concept and consideration for reserve prediction and calculation in other areas.

Breath-based meditation: A mechanism to restore the physiological and cognitive reserves for optimal human performance

Stress can be associated with many physiologicalchanges resulting in significant decrements in human performance.Due to growing interests in alternative and complementary medicine by Westerners,many of the traditions and holistic yogic breathing practices today are being utilized as a measure for healthier lifestyles.These state-of-the-art practices can have a significant impact on common mental health conditions such as depression and generalized anxiety disorder.However,the potential of yogic breathing on optimizing human performance and overall well-being is not well known.Breathing techniques such as alternate nostril,Sudarshan Kriya and bhastrika utilizes rhythmic breathing to guide practitioners into a deep meditative state of relaxation and promote self-awareness.Furthermore,yogic breathing is physiologically stimulating and can be described as a natural"technological"solution to optimize human performance which can be categorized into:(1)cognitive function(i.e.,mind,vigilance);and(2)physical performance(i.e.,cardiorespiratory,metabolism,exercise,whole body).Based on previous studies,we postulate that daily practice of breathing meditation techniques play a significant role in preserving the compensatory mechanisms available to sustain physiological function.This preservation of physiological function may help to offset the time associated with reaching a threshold for clinical expression of chronic state(i.e.,hypertension,depression,dementia)or acute state(i.e.,massive hemorrhage,panic attic)of medical conditions.However,additional rigorous biomedical research is needed to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of various forms of meditation(i.e.,breath-based,mantra,mindfulness)on human performance.These efforts will help to define how compensatory reserve mechanisms of cardiovascular and immune systems are modulated by breath-based meditation.While it has been suggested that breath-based meditation is easier for beginning practitioners when compared to other forms of meditation more research is needed to elucidate these observations.A breath-based meditation sequence suchas Sudarshan Kriya has the potential to help develop an individual’s self-awareness and support better integration of the brain(i.e.,mind)with other organ systems(i.e.,body)for enhanced human performance.

Review of tungsten resource reserves,tungsten concentrate production and tungsten beneficiation technology in China

Tungsten is a strategic metal that is widely used in various fields such as electron communication,aeronautics and astronautics,materials and chemical engineering,due to its special properties.China has the largest reserves of tungsten resources and the largest output of tungsten concentrate in the world,and plays a decisive role in the world tungsten market.In this work,firstly,the reserves and distribution characteristics of tungsten resources in China were summarized,and the production situation of tungsten concentrate in China was reviewed.Based on the gross domestic product per capita(GDP/capita),five different annual GDP growth rates were used to estimate China’s tungsten concentrate production in the future.The estimation results suggested that if China’s economy continues to grow at the current rate,the accumulative production of tungsten concentrate will exceed current reserves by approximately 2032.Then,from the aspects of process flow,beneficiation equipment and flotation reagents,the beneficiation technology development of different types of tungsten ore in China was also reviewed,including wolframite,scheelite and tungsten-bearing slime.Finally,taking several representative tungsten mines in China as examples,the classic beneficiation technology of different types of tungsten ores was elucidated in detail.Meanwhile,the development direction of tungsten beneficiation technology in the future was put forward,which was of great significance to maintain the superiority of tungsten resources in China.

Present conditions and prospects of the researches on nature reserves in China

The construction of nature reserves in China is reviewed in this paper, mainly including the number, type, administration and distribution of nature reserves, the progress in research on biodiversity, evaluation, management, sustainable development of nature reserves in China is summarized briefly, and some development tendencies of research on nature reserves are put forward.

Study of Calculation of Reserves and Scale for Low–grade Solid Potassium Deposits of Chaerhan Salt Lake

Analyzes on solid potassium mineral reserves calculation methods and existing problems of chaerhan salt lake,t with many parameters comparison solid potassium mineral reserves calculation results are reliable,the

Evaluating Conservation Effectiveness of Nature Reserves Established for Surrogate Species:Case of a Giant Panda Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains,China

Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effectiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy(MAXENT)and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones(i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones).Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world.

Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Giant Panda Nature Reserves in China

The Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in May of 2008 caused damages to large areas of Sichuan,Gansu,and Shaanxi provinces in China.Reports from local governments and related management agencies show that the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas were heavily damaged.Our estimates in this paper of the impacts of the earthquake on the giant panda in the earthquake-hit areas were made based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and information collected by field survey.A rapid assessment method was designed to estimate the damages of the earthquake on giant panda habitats.By using visual interpretation methods,we decoded the remote sensing images of the disaster area in the 49 giant panda nature reserves.Research results showed that the Wenchuan Earthquake and the succeeding secondary geological disasters caused great damages to the giant panda nature reserves and disturbed the normal life of the giant pandas there (e.g.,landscape fragmentation increased significantly).Undoubtedly,the life of the giant pandas there was affected.However,although the earthquake caused certain impacts on the giant pandas,it did not really threat their survival.Even so,we still strongly advocate for protection of the giant pandas,and have prioritized a couple of measures to be taken to restore the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas.

Protection and Quality Control of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Nature Reserves by Taking Longyuwan Scenic Spot Within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an Example

This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.