Rice Cultivation under Film Mulching Can Improve Soil Environment and Be Beneficial for Rice Production in China

Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.

Efficacy,Safety and Characteristics of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II and IV Utilization for Various Percutaneous Occlusions in Children under 10 Years

Objectives:We aim to describe the efficacy,safety,and characteristics of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug(AVP)II and IV“off-label”use for multiple cardiovascular occlusions in children under 10 years.Methods:Observational retrospective multicenter(2007–2020,6 centers)review of paediatric procedures using AVP II or IV.Results:A total of 125 children(49.6%aged≤1 year,147 lesions)underwent 136 successive procedures(success rate:98.5%)using 169 devices(109 AVP IV,60 AVP II).The mean device diameter was 7.7±3.2 mm(4–20 mm).The median AVP size to vessel diameter ratio was 1.3(0–2).The median age and weight at implantation were 1.0 year(0.01–9.98)and 8.4 kg(1–69).Procedures were heterogeneous(55 patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),28 collaterals,18 sequestrations,22 arteriovenous/veinovenous/coronary fistulas,6 vertical veins,6 conduits,5 ventricular septal defects,7 miscellaneous).Day 1 and 6-month occlusion rates were respectively 94.8%and 98.5%.Major adverse events(MAE)occurred in 5.2%of cases(no procedure-related deaths),and more frequently in weight≤5 kg(p=0.01),younger patients(p=0.03)during PDA closure(p=0.02)of tubular types(p=0.02)using larger devices(p=0.03)and AVP II(p=0.003).Independent predictor of MAE risk was a higher AVP diameter to patient weight ratio(Odds-ratio:2.33,95%confidence interval 1.31–4.13,p=0.004,optimal cut off:1.45).Conclusions:Both AVPs are safe and effective for percutaneous occlusions in children under 10.Such devices represent an alternative“off label”use for well selected paediatric patients.

A USEFUL AND PRECISE EXPRESSION FOR ORIENTATION FACTOR OF POLED POLYMER FILMS

Based on ID ROGM, d_(33) of poled films can be estimated from orientation factor <cos^3θ>. In this letter, a direct expression

美食纪录电影《舌尖上的新年》多模态话语协同意义建构

多模态话语研究以超越单一语言模态话语的方法特性在影视艺术研究领域彰显其重要价值。基于多模态话语分析理论框架,运用多模态分析软件ELAN6.7对美食纪录电影《舌尖上的新年》从话语语境、话语表达和话语意义三个层次进行实证分析,探讨作为美食纪录电影的视觉文本、语言文本和音乐文本的表达特点及其背后隐含的思想观念,揭示美食纪录电影中多模态语言的相互协同建构主题意义的机制,旨在为美食纪录电影的创作和中国传统美食文化的影视传播提供借鉴。

论“十七年”时期电影明星生成机制与身体政治——以上官云珠入选“22大明星”为中心

“十七年”时期,“22大明星”在政治实践、明星表演、观众参与等多重机制的作用下诞生,这些机制复杂而多面,暗合着不同程度的悖论。上官云珠通过对自己银幕内外的身体规训,完成了对这些悖论的意识形态缝合,最终得以成为代表新中国文艺工作者形象的“22大明星”中的一员。以上官云珠入选“22大明星”为中心,可一窥“十七年”时期电影文化的特殊面貌。

迁延与变奏:“十七年”国产电影孙悟空形象的现代性寓言

考察20世纪中国文艺的发展,“现代性”是一个不可回避的话题。“十七年”国产电影塑造的孙悟空形象正是这一阶段新中国现代性的一个特殊标记,它耦合了时代参与者关于“自我”“自由”“平等”“理性”等西方现代性价值的认知和想象,体现了对“五四”“个性解放”“个性自由”精神的观照与延展。然而,孙悟空怒而抗争后个体之于集体的回归、二元对立运思习性的建立以及“喜剧式”英雄的属性转向,又使得“十七年”国产电影中孙悟空形象的现代性呈现出“冷战”时代语境下独特的社会主义色彩。

Association between tear film break up time and blink interval in visual display terminal users

AIM：To investigate the association between tear film break up time（TBUT）and blinking interval in visual display terminal（VDT）users.METHODS：Nine hundred and thirty VDT users underwent dry eye testing,and functional visual acuity（FVA）test.The blinking interval during FVA was compared with TBUT.Subjects with longer blinking interval than TBUT were considered as unstable tear film.Logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for unstable tear group.RESULTS：Among 930 workers,858 subjects（92.3%）participated in this study.Almost 80% of the subjects were categorized into the unstable tear group.Unstable tear group has significantly lower Schirmer values and TBUT（17.5±11.6 vs 21.1±11.5 mm,3.7±2.6 vs 5.7±2.7s,both P〈0.001）.There were no significant differences in epithelial staining or severity of symptoms.Logistic regression showed that over 40y was a risk for being unstable tear group[odds ratio（OR）=1.53;95%confidence interval（CI）=1.06-2.20].Contact lens use was protective factor for being in the unstable tear group（OR=0.37;95%CI=0.26-0.53）.CONCLUSION：Subjects with shorter TBUT than blinking interval are prevalent among VDT users.Subjects over the age of 40 shows an increased risk for unstable tear film.

Application and Residue Pollution of Mulching Films in Xinjiang

In order to study current situation of application,recycling and residue pollution of mulching films in Xinjiang,and accurately grasp pollution degree of residue of mulching films,this paper made an empirical analysis on residue of mulching films in 31 typical counties and cities in Xinjiang. Results indicate that( i) use of mulching films in Xinjiang is wide and there is great difference in use and residue recycling between cities and counties. Planting area and planting structure jointly influence use of mulching films,and the use of mulching films is significantly correlated with recycling of mulching films,but not correlated with recycling rate of mulching films.( ii) There are significant differences in distribution of residue of mulching films,highest in North Xinjiang and South Xinjiang,followed by East Xinjiang,and the lowest in West Xinjiang.( iii) There are significant differences in distribution of residue of mulching films between different crop fields. Residue of mulching films in cotton field is the key problem of pollution.

Strongly enhanced flux pinning in the YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-X) films with the co-doping of Ba TiO_3 nanorod and Y_2O_3 nanoparticles at 65 K

YBa2Cu3O7-x（YBCO） films with co-doping BaTiO3（BTO） and Y2O3 nanostructures were prepared by metal organic deposition using trifluoroacetates（TFA-MOD）. The properties of the BTO/Y2O3co-doped YBCO films with different excess yttrium have been systematically studied by x-ray diffraction（XRD）, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The optimized content of yttrium excess in the BTO/Y2O3co-doped YBCO films is 10 mol.%, and the critical current density is as high as - 17 mA/cm^2（self-field, 65 K） by the magnetic signal. In addition, the Y2Cu2O5 was formed when the content of yttrium excess increases to 24 mol.%, which may result in the deterioration of the superconducting properties and the microstructure. The unique combination of the different types of nanostructures of BTO and Y2O3 in the doped YBCO films, compared with the pure YBCO films and BTO doped YBCO films, enhances the critical current density（JC） not only at the self-magnetic field, but also in the applied magnetic field.

Improved Polarization Retention of BiFeO3 Thin Films Using GdScO3(110)Substrates

Epitaxial ferroelectric one direction over the thin fihns on single-crystal substrates generally show a preferred domain orientation in other in demonstration of a poor polarization retention. This behavior will affect their application in nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories where bipolar polarization states are used to store the logic 0 and 1 data. Here the retention characteristics of BiFe03 thin films with Srftu03 bottom electrodes on both GdSc03 （110） and SrTiO3 （100） substrates are studied and compared, and the results of piezoresponse force microscopy provide a long time retention property of the films on two substrates. It is found that bismuth ferrite thin films grown on GdScO3 substrates show no preferred domain variants in comparison with the preferred downward polarization orientation toward bottom electrodes on SrTi03 substrates. Tile retention test from a positive-up domain to a negative-down domain using a signal generator and an oscilloscope coincidentally shows bistable polarization states on the GdSeOa substrate over a measuring time of 500s, unlike the preferred domain orientation on SrTi03, where more than 65~o of upward domains disappear after 1 s. In addition, different sizes of domains have been written and read by using the scanning tip of piezoresponse force microscopy, where the polarization can stabilize over one month. This study paves one route to improve the polarization retention property through the optimization of the lattice-mismatched stresses between films and substrates.

Deposition of Amorphous Carbon Films using ECR Plasma byVarying the Substrate Temperature

Amorphous hydrogenated carbon thin films have been deposited with benzene plasma in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The characteristic of Benzene discharge plasma has been monitored by Mast spectrometry. It shows that the majority of the plasma species in the downstream ECR Plasma with benzene as gas source are acetylene, ethylene and higher mass species. In the experiments, the effects of the substrate temperature on the deposition rates have been emphatically studied. The structures of the films were analyzed by FTIR and Ramam spectrum.The results show that when the substrate temperature rises, the deposition rate drops down, the hydrogen Foment decreases, with the higher SP3 content being presented in the film.

Morphology and Structure of SiO_2 Film Using Thermal Oxidation Process on(111)Silicon Crystals in Dry Oxygen Atmosphere

By means of scanning electron microscope(SEM)and high voltage electron microscope(HVEM)we have observed and analysed morphology and micro-structure of silicon oxide film with different thickness formed on(111)silicon monocrystal under dry oxygen atmosphere at 1100℃.Compared with their oxidation kinetic curves consisted of three stages,we suggested a mechanism on forming silicon oxide film.According to electron and X-ray diffraction analyses the silicon oxide films consisted of silica with different crystal structure.We also have discussed a stacking fault and a dislocation formed in the Si-Sio_2 interface region simulaneously forming silicon oxide film.

Tuning the Electronic Structure of Sr2IrO4 Thin Films by Bulk Electronic Doping Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy

By means of oxide molecular beam epitaxy with shutter-growth mode, we fabricate a series of electron-doped （Sr1-xLax）2IrO4 （001） （x=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15） single crystalline thin films and then investigate the doping dependence of the electronic structure utilizing in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that with the increasing doping content, the Fermi levels of samples progressively shift upward. Prominently, an extra electron pocket crossing the Fermi level around the M point is evidently observed in the 15% nominal doping sample. Moreover, bulk-sensitive transport measurements confirm that the doping effectively suppresses the insulating state with respect to the as-grown Sr2IrO4, though the doped samples still remain insulating at low temperatures due to the localization effect possibly stemming from disorders including oxygen deficiencies. Our work provides another feasible doping method to tune electronic structure of Sr2 IrO4.

The Analysis of Sports Film Through the Adaptation Theory—Take Film Glory Road as an Example

The paper analyzes sports film from the aspect of Adaptation Theory,and gives an overview of explanatory power of the Adaptation Theory so that people could have a new and powerful to understand the using of language.

近十年来中国电影批评思潮探究

近十年来,中国电影批评通过凸显其对电影类型的混搭互渗、意义的复合融通的审美创新的推崇,对当下社会和生存现实进行审美关照的情感渴求,以及对本土文化和价值理念愈加认同的精神追求,积极参与对中国电影意义的建构,推动形成颇具时代特色的批评思潮。这一批评思潮的形成既是由于受到当下中国时代文化的影响,也是中国电影批评主体自觉激发当下中国文化自身创造性的体现。

水氮减量条件下地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦的水分利用特征

【目的】针对河西绿洲灌区资源型缺水严重,作物生产中地膜和水氮投入量大且利用率低等问题,探讨水氮减量条件下免耕一膜两年用对后茬作物水分利用特征的影响,为构建试区水氮减量和水分高效利用技术提供实践依据。【方法】2019—2021年,开展三因素裂区试验,设传统翻耕(CT)和免耕一膜两年用(NT)2种耕作方式,减量20%灌水量(I1,1920 m^(3)·hm-2)和传统灌水量(I2,2400 m^(3)·hm-2)2个灌水水平,减量40%施氮(N_(1),135 kg·hm-2)、减量20%施氮(N_(2),180 kg·hm-2)和传统施氮(N_(3),225 kg·hm-2)3个施氮水平,研究不同处理的耗水量、棵间蒸发量和水分利用效率。【结果】一膜两年用可优化小麦播前土壤水分环境、减少小麦生育期内无效耗水。与CT相比,NT有利于提高小麦播前土壤含水量和贮水量,分别提高了16.9%—23.0%和14.5%—16.5%;可降低小麦全生育期总耗水量(ET)、总棵间蒸发量(E)和蒸散比(E/ET),降低幅度分别为3.5%—4.2%、19.0%—20.2%和16.8%—19.3%。随着灌水和施氮量减少,耗水量、棵间蒸发量、E/ET 3个指标随之降低,与I2相比,I1的3个指标分别降低了6.1%—6.4%、10.8%—11.1%和5.5%—6.0%;与N_(3)相比,N_(2)、N_(1)的3个指标分别降低了2.2%—3.9%、4.2%—10.9%和1.7%—7.2%;耕作方式、灌水交互作用下,NTI1较CTI1耗水量、E/ET分别降低了0.6%—6.6%和17.4%—17.6%;免耕一膜两年用集成水氮减量进一步优化耗水结构,与CTI2N_(3)相比,NTI1N_(2)的3个指标分别降低了11.0%—12.9%、28.3%—47.6%和22.5%—26.4%。与CT相比,NT显著提高小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,分别提高了4.8%—6.3%和9.0%—9.5%。在NT和CT条件下,I1N_(2)与I2N_(3)、I2N_(2)小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率(WUE)差异不显著;比较不同处理下的小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,以NTI1N_(2)最高,与对照CTI2N_(3)相比,籽粒产量和WUE分别提高了5.1%—6.6%和5.7%—6.2%。【结论】在河西灌区,免耕一膜两年用玉米轮作小麦,在全生育期灌水1920 m^(3)·hm-2、施氮180 kg·hm-2,是适用于该区的水氮节约小麦高产和水分高效利用的生产技术。

不同降水年型下秸秆带状覆盖对西北旱地马铃薯品质和产量的影响

为探明不同覆盖方式对马铃薯品质和产量的影响,于2019—2021年在西北半干旱雨养农业区设置秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)、无覆盖露地(CK)3个处理,通过测定马铃薯块茎维生素C、淀粉、直链淀粉、还原糖、粗蛋白含量及产量指标,研究不同覆盖方式对马铃薯品质和产量的影响。结果表明:不同降水年型下秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖均可以显著改善马铃薯的品质,丰水年(2019年和2020年),与CK相比,SM处理显著提高了块茎淀粉、直链淀粉的含量,增幅分别为15.2%和31.9%,PM处理显著提高了粗蛋白含量,增幅为26.6%;平水年(2021年),与CK相比,SM处理维生素C、还原糖含量分别显著提高20.4%和5.1%,PM处理维生素C、还原糖、粗蛋白含量分别显著提高35.2%、8.3%、14.6%;覆盖方式对马铃薯品质的影响整体表现为SM>PM。主成分分析和灰色关联度分析表明,SM和PM处理均可提高马铃薯品质,且SM处理马铃薯品质与产量关联度高于PM处理,SM处理下淀粉、直链淀粉含量与产量的关联度最高。覆盖栽培方式均显著提高了马铃薯鲜薯产量,SM、PM分别较CK提高13.7%~19.5%、26.4%~37.2%。综上所述,秸秆带状覆盖可以明显改善马铃薯品质,显著提高马铃薯产量,在西北半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯生产中具有较好的应用推广价值。