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Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction: Experiences from Three Provincial Power Companies and One Regional Power Grid Company
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作者 By Qing Lei, Xu Lizheng and Liu Ping Journalists of China Power Enterprise Management Wang Ningling 《Electricity》 2008年第2期23-32,共10页
Power industry is one of the key fields for energy conservation and emissions reduction (ECER) in China. In order to achieve the nation's overall energy consumption target and pollutant emission target set by the ... Power industry is one of the key fields for energy conservation and emissions reduction (ECER) in China. In order to achieve the nation's overall energy consumption target and pollutant emission target set by the 11th Five-Year Plan, to build the resource-conservation and environment-friendly society during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), it is crucial to implement the policy of "Large (units) In and Small (units) Out (LISO)" (i.e., replacing small units with large ones) and accelerate the retirement of small thermal units. According to the statistics, the power industry has made a significant progress in SO2 emission reduction during the first half of 2007. Specifically, with 18.3% growth in power generation, the SO2 emission was reduced by 5.2% compared with the same period in 2006. By the end of July 2007, the retired small units have totaled 6950 MW, 85% of which belongs to the five major power generation groups such as Guodian and Huadian. In this article, the achievements and remaining issues in Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan Power Companies and East China Grid Company were presented and discussed thoroughly. 展开更多
关键词 Experiences from Three Provincial Power Companies and one regional Power Grid Company
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Trends of surface ozone based on hourly concentrations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region during 2017–2021 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaoyan Wang Huihui Zheng +3 位作者 Bing Liu Shuyan Xie Yonghai Huang Shuai Wang 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第6期26-32,共7页
As a typical secondary air pollutant,surface ozone has been monitored routinely since 2013 in China.Most studies on the spatiotemporal variation of ozone have been centered around the daily maximum 8-h average,with li... As a typical secondary air pollutant,surface ozone has been monitored routinely since 2013 in China.Most studies on the spatiotemporal variation of ozone have been centered around the daily maximum 8-h average,with little attention paid to the trends of hourly ozone,especially hourly ozone exceedances.Focusing on hourly ozone exceedances and peak values,the spatiotemporal trends of hourly ozone at 77 sites in 13 cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region during 2017-2021 were analyzed in this study.The number of hours with exceedances(N_(H200))in 2019 was nearly three times that of 2021.On a five-year average,the percentage of cumulative NH200 in June accounted for up to 40.5%of all hourly exceedances.Cities in central Hebei Province had the highest cumulative annual N_(H200).June had the highest average hourly ozone exceeded multiples of 0.158.The top two cities with the highest average exceeded multiple were Tangshan(0.166)and Beijing(0.158).Tangshan and Xingtai ranked as the top two in terms of the mean of the 10 highest daily maximum ozone concentrations(MTDM),with 286.74 and 285.37μg m^(−3),respectively.The gap between the MTDM and the daily maximum of hourly ozone averaged over all sites had narrowed to 97.88μg m^(−3) in 2021,much lower than that in other years,which indicated that the stability and convergence of ozone pollution in BTH region had been enhanced in 2021 to some extent. 展开更多
关键词 Surface ozone Hourly concentration Ozone exceedance Peak value Beijing-tianjin-hebei region
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Diagnostic Study of an Extreme Explosive Cyclone over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension Region 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANG Shuqin LIAO Qinghua +4 位作者 LIU Chunlei GAO Xiaoyu LONG Jingchao LI Pengyuan XU Jianjun 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期605-617,共13页
Explosive cyclones(ECs)occur frequently over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region.The most rapidly intensified EC over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region during the 42 years(1979-2020)of cold seasons(October-Apr... Explosive cyclones(ECs)occur frequently over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region.The most rapidly intensified EC over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region during the 42 years(1979-2020)of cold seasons(October-April)was studied to reveal the variations of the key factors at different explosive-developing stages.This EC had weak low-level baroclinicity,mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection,and strong low-level water vapor convergence at the initial explosive-developing stage.The low-level baroclinicity and mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection increased substantially during the maximum-deepening-rate stage.The diagnostic analyses using the Zwack-Okossi equation showed that diabatic heating was the main contributor to the initial rapid intensification of this EC.The cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection enhanced rapidly in the middle and upper troposphere and contributed to the maximum rapid intensification,whereas the diabatic heating weakened slightly in the mid-low troposphere.The relative contribution of the diabatic heating decreased from the initial explosive-developing stage to the maximum-deepening-rate stage due to the enhancement of other factors(the cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection).Furthermore,the physical factors contributing to this EC varied with the explosive-developing stage.The non-key factors at the initial explosive-developing stage need attention to forecast the rapid intensification. 展开更多
关键词 explosive cyclone diabatic heating cyclonic-vorticity advection rapid intensification the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region
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Clarifying the relationship between PM2.5 and ozone complex pollution and synoptic patterns in a typical petrochemical city in the Bohai Rim region of China:Implications for air pollution forecasting and control 被引量:1
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作者 Yongxin Yan Cong An +7 位作者 Junling Li Yuanyuan Ji Rui Gao Hong Wang Fanyi Shang Linlin Ma Xiaoshuai Gao Hong Li 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第6期45-52,共8页
Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Don... Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity. 展开更多
关键词 Synoptic classification T-mode principal component analysis Complex air pollution Correlation analysis Bohai Rim region
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Brand Construction of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Ethnic Regions under the Background of Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Honeysuckle Industry of Mashan County
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作者 Shaohong MO 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第4期66-70,共5页
The brand construction of agricultural products is a necessary path for agricultural development and an effective way to enhance the added value and market competitiveness of agricultural products.How to do a good job... The brand construction of agricultural products is a necessary path for agricultural development and an effective way to enhance the added value and market competitiveness of agricultural products.How to do a good job in building agricultural product brands under the background of rural revitalization?This paper takes the honeysuckle industry in Mashan County,Nanning as a case study for comprehensive analysis,forming a driving force for the high-quality development of characteristic agricultural industries. 展开更多
关键词 Rural revitalization Local specialty agricultural products Brand construction HoneYSUCKLE
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Characteristics of transfer zones under the influence of preexisting faults and regional stress transformation:Wenchang A subsag,Zhujiang River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea
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作者 Wei LI Mingyue CAO +7 位作者 Meifang MENG Caiwei FAN Hui LI Jia LI Wanqiu WU Ruiqing QIN Xingan LI Yiming LIU 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期744-759,共16页
A transfer zone in rift basins preserves important information on regional tectonic evolution and plays significant roles in hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the systematic analysis of 3D seismic data and hydrocarbon... A transfer zone in rift basins preserves important information on regional tectonic evolution and plays significant roles in hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the systematic analysis of 3D seismic data and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,the geometry,kinematics,and reservoir control of a large synthetic overlapping transfer zone in the south of the Wenchang A subsag in the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth basin were investigated.Results indicate that the development and evolution of the transfer zone was controlled by the interaction between pre-existing faults and regional stress transformation.The intense rifting of the main faults of the transfer zone controlled the development of source rocks and faultcontrolled slope break paleogeomorphology.The strike-slip overprint since the Oligocene is conducive to the formation of a large-scale fault-anticline trap,and the secondary faults in the transfer zone contribute to the hydrocarbon transportation.The conjugate intersection area of the NE-and NW-trending faults offers more opportunity for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. 展开更多
关键词 transfer zone pre-existing fault regional stress transformation CENOZOIC Wenchang A Subsag Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin
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Infectious ENT Emergencies: A One-Year Experience at the ENT Department of Mamou Regional Hospital
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作者 Mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo Ibrahima Diallo +5 位作者 Oumou Amadou Diallo Alsény Cisse Mamadou Bailo Sow Raphan Madi Kaba Keita Abdoulaye Keita Alpha Oumar Diallo 《International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery》 2024年第5期359-372,共14页
Introduction: ENT infectious emergencies encompass all infectious pathologies affecting the ear, nose, sinuses, throat, and neck. A good understanding of these emergencies is essential for organizing appropriate care.... Introduction: ENT infectious emergencies encompass all infectious pathologies affecting the ear, nose, sinuses, throat, and neck. A good understanding of these emergencies is essential for organizing appropriate care. In Guinea, few studies have described ENT infectious pathologies in rural areas. Objective: To study ENT infectious emergencies in the Otorhinolaryngology department of the Mamou Regional Hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective descriptive study, conducted from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. All patients admitted to the ENT department of the Mamou Regional Hospital for an infectious emergency were included. Results: Among the 1854 recorded consultations, 261 cases involved ENT infectious emergencies, representing a prevalence of 14.07%. The most represented age group was 0 to 10 years (31.03%), with a majority of female patients (59%) and a predominantly urban origin (81.61%). Students accounted for 32.18% of the cases. The main reasons for consultation were odynophagia/dysphagia (32.42%) and otalgia (22.94%). The primary etiologies were tonsillitis (28.73%) and otitis (27.20%). Treatments administered included probabilistic antibiotic therapy (38.80%), analgesics (32.03%), and corticosteroid therapy (10.47%). The outcome was favorable in 98.85% of cases, with only 0.38% lost to follow-up. Conclusion: The results of our study confirm the frequency of ENT infectious pathologies. Their management requires joint actions for population awareness, staff training, and services equipment, particularly in rural areas. 展开更多
关键词 ENT Infection Emergency Mamou regional Hospital
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Ecological Regionalization of Suitable Trees, Shrubs and Herbages for Vegetation Restoration in the Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northern China 被引量:5
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作者 康慕谊 董世魁 +3 位作者 黄晓霞 熊敏 陈海 张新时 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第10期1157-1165,共9页
To provide materials for the selection of plant species for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the farming-pastoral zone in northern China, where the eco-environment has been already deteriorated by over-far... To provide materials for the selection of plant species for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the farming-pastoral zone in northern China, where the eco-environment has been already deteriorated by over-farming and over-grazing, the suitable trees, shrubs and herbages were examined, screened and identified under the guidance of four principles of taking precedence for ecological conservation, being beneficial to economic production, matching species (trees, shrubs and herbages) with the site, and giving consideration to the integrity of local administrative division. According to the key ecological factors that determine species growth and distribution in the zone, i.e., the lowest daily mean temperature in a year, annual accumulated temperature, and water regimes represented by the moist index, the ratio between annual rainfall and accumulated temperature (>0 degreesC), as well as the soil type influenced by climate, surface substances and landform, the farming-pastoral zone was regionalized into seven parts: ( I) Western Songliao Plain and Da Hinggan Mountain Region; (II) Upper Liaohe River Sandy Region; (III) Mid-Eastern Nei Mongol Plateau and Northwestern Heibei Mountain Region; (IV) Luliang, Taihang and Yanshan Mountain Region; ( V) Ordos Plateau Sandy Region; (VI) Northern Shaanxi to Eastern Gansu Loess Plateau Region; and (VII) Mid Gansu to Eastern Qinghai Plateau Loess Region. And the suitable trees, shrubs and herbages for each region were selected and tabularly introduced in detail. 展开更多
关键词 farming-pastoral zone ecological regionalization suitable species for vegetation restoration northern China
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Study on Regionalization of High Efficiency Eco-agriculture in Eco-economic Zone of Poyang Lake 被引量:11
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作者 戴天放 章志发 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第8期57-60,共4页
The high efficient eco-agricultural zone in Eco-economic Region of Poyang Lake was divided into three different areas. 12 indicators including per capita cultivated land,forest coverage,comprehensive utilization rate ... The high efficient eco-agricultural zone in Eco-economic Region of Poyang Lake was divided into three different areas. 12 indicators including per capita cultivated land,forest coverage,comprehensive utilization rate of straw,the ratio of the effective irrigation area to the arable land,amount of pesticide usage per unit area of arable land,the output value ratio of planting industry,the output value ratio of forestry and fruit industry,the output value ratio of stock farming,the output value ratio of fishery,the proportion of sown area of crop,proportion of sown area of oil plants and the proportion of sown area of vegetable were screened to construct the indicator system of regionalization of high efficient eco-agriculture. The average index values of the high efficient eco-agricultural regionalization of three regions were obtained,the development direction of the efficient eco-agriculture construction of three areas were analyzed according to the natural resources characteristics f eco-agricultural and requirements of high efficient eco-agricultural development of the regions. 展开更多
关键词 Poyang Lake Eco-economic region Efficient eco-agriculture regionALIZATION
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Zone,District,Region和Area的使用与翻译
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作者 杨文芳 《英语研究》 2013年第2期48-51,共4页
Zone,district,region和area都有"地区、区域"的含义,但在使用和翻译时,它们有各自不同的语境和特点,使用大量通俗易懂的例句来说明"zone,district,region和area"在汉语中的正确使用和翻译。
关键词 Zone DISTRICT region area 翻译
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An Overview of Dry-wet Climate Variability among Monsoon-Westerly Regions and the Monsoon Northernmost Marginal Active Zone in China 被引量:25
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作者 钱维宏 丁婷 +2 位作者 胡豪然 林祥 秦爱民 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期630-641,共12页
Climate in China's Mainland can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone that... Climate in China's Mainland can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone that is oriented from Southwest China to the upper Yellow River, North China, and Northeast China. In the three regions, dry-wet climate changes are directly linked to the interaction of the southerly monsoon flow on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau and the westerly flow on the north side of the Plateau from the inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Some basic features of climate variability in the three regions for the last half century and the historical hundreds of years are reviewed in this paper. In the last half century, an increasing trend of summer precipitation associated with the enhancing westerly flow is found in the westerly region from Xinjiang to northern parts of North China and Northeast China. On the other hand, an increasing trend of summer precipitation along the Yangtze River and a decreasing trend of summer precipitation along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone are associated with the weakening monsoon flow in East Asia. Historical documents are widely distributed in the monsoon region for hundreds of years and natural climate proxies are constructed in the non-monsoon region, while two types of climate proxies can be commonly found over the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone. In the monsoon region, dry-wet variation centers are altered among North China, the lower Yangtze River, and South China from one century to another. Dry or wet anomalies are firstly observed along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone and shifted southward or southeastward to the Yangtze River valley and South China in about a 70-year timescale. Severe drought events are experienced along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone during the last 5 centuries. Inter-decadal dry-wet variations are depicted by natural proxies for the last 4-5 centuries in several areas over the non-monsoon region. Some questions, such as the impact of global warming on dry-wet regime changes in China, complex interactions between the monsoon and westerly flows in Northeast China, and the integrated multi-proxy analysis throughout all of China, are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 dry-wet climate variability monsoon region westerly region monsoon active zone China
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Bird species composition and conservation challenges in the Gaoligong Mountains, one of the most diverse bird areas in the world 被引量:3
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作者 Fei Wu Jian-Yun Gao +13 位作者 Dao Yan Le Yang Lu-Ming Liu Shun-Yu Yao Chang-Sheng Zuo Jun Sun Ge Gao Jian-Yong Su Li Luo Ying-Chun Li Ming Liu Yuan-Fang Hu Ming Wei Xiao-Jun Yang 《Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation)》 2024年第1期20-50,共31页
The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird su... The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and 2022.We found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the region.Nearly a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened species.Analysis of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern China.The GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate change.In response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the GLGM.Despite these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research. 展开更多
关键词 BIRDS Gaoligong Mountains Zoogeographic region Conservation challenge
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Regional but fatal: Intraperitoneal metastasis in gastric cancer 被引量:8
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作者 Jia Wei Nan-Die Wu Bao-Rui Liu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2016年第33期7478-7485,共8页
Peritoneal carcinomatosis appears to be the most common pattern of metastasis or recurrence and is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Many efforts have been made to improve the survival in pati... Peritoneal carcinomatosis appears to be the most common pattern of metastasis or recurrence and is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Many efforts have been made to improve the survival in patients with peritoneal metastasis. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains a widely accepted strategy in the treatment of peritoneal dissemination. Several phase Ⅱ-Ⅲ studies confirmed that the combined cytoreducitve surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy resulted in longer survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. In addition,proper selection and effective regional treatment in patients with high risk of peritoneal recurrence after resection will further improve prognosis in local advanced gastric cancer patients. 展开更多
关键词 GASTRIC cancer INTRAPERIToneAL METASTASIS regionAL METASTASIS Cytoreductive surgery Hyperthermic INTRAPERIToneAL chemotherapy
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Functional regionalization with the restriction of ecological shelter zones: A case of Zhaotong in Yunnan 被引量:6
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作者 DU Yu WANG Chuansheng ZHAO Haiying YANG Xiaoguang 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2007年第3期365-374,共10页
Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reach... Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an example, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are environment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong's natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include: (1) reversing order evaluation; (2) selecting main factors; (3) keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and (4) making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1:50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geographical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountainous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong's ecological shelter zones reconstruction. 展开更多
关键词 ecological shelter zones functional regionalization Zhaotong
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The active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like cells Superior effects over original formula of Buyang Huanwu decoction 被引量:9
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作者 Jinghui Zheng Yi Wan +4 位作者 Jianhuai Chi Dekai Shen Tingting Wu Weimin Li Pengcheng Du 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第4期261-267,共7页
The present study induced in vitro-cultured passage 4 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells with a mixture of alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycone, glycoside, essential oils,... The present study induced in vitro-cultured passage 4 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells with a mixture of alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycone, glycoside, essential oils, and effective components of Buyang Huanwu decoction (active principle region of decoction for invigorating yang for recuperation). After 28 days, nestin and neuron-specific enolase were expressed in the cytoplasm. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analyses showed that nestin and neuron-specific enolase mRNA and protein expression was greater in the active principle region group compared with the original formula group. Results demonstrated that the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction induced greater differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like cells in vitro than the original Buyang Huanwu decoction formula. 展开更多
关键词 active principle region bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells Buyang Huanwu decoction differentiation nerve cells
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Impact of Spectral Nudging on the Downscaling of Tropical Cyclones in Regional Climate Simulations 被引量:5
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作者 Suk-Jin CHOI Dong-Kyou LEE 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第6期730-742,共13页
This study investigated the simulations of three months of seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific using the Advanced Research WRF Model. In the control experiment (CTL), the TC freq... This study investigated the simulations of three months of seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific using the Advanced Research WRF Model. In the control experiment (CTL), the TC frequency was considerably overestimated. Additionally, the tracks of some TCs tended to have larger radii of curvature and were shifted eastward. The large-scale environments of westerly monsoon flows and subtropical Pacific highs were unreasonably simulated. The overestimated frequency of TC formation was attributed to a strengthened westerly wind field in the southern quadrants of the TC center. In comparison with the experiment with the spectral nudging method, the strengthened wind speed was mainly modulated by large-scale flow that was greater than approximately 1000 km in the model domain. The spurious formation and undesirable tracks of TCs in the CTL were considerably improved by reproducing realistic large-scale atmospheric monsoon circulation with substantial adjustment between large-scale flow in the model domain and large-scale boundary forcing modified by the spectral nudging method. The realistic monsoon circulation took a vital role in simulating realistic TCs. It revealed that, in the downscaling from large-scale fields for regional climate simulations, scale interaction between model-generated regional features and forced large-scale fields should be considered, and spectral nudging is a desirable method in the downscaling method. 展开更多
关键词 tropical cyclone spectral nudging technique dynamic downscaling regional climate simulation
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Cone beam computed tomographic analyses of alveolar bone anatomy at the maxillary anterior region in Chinese adults 被引量:15
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作者 Zhixuan Zhou Wu Chen +3 位作者 Ming Shen Chao Sun Jun Li Ning Chen 《The Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS 2014年第6期498-505,共8页
To provide an anatomical basis for clinical implant esthetics,we evaluated the morphology of the nasopalatine canal(NPC) and analyzed labial and interproximal bone anatomy at the maxillary anterior region.We sought ... To provide an anatomical basis for clinical implant esthetics,we evaluated the morphology of the nasopalatine canal(NPC) and analyzed labial and interproximal bone anatomy at the maxillary anterior region.We sought to investigate the effect of maxillary protrusion and tooth labiolingual inclination on labial bone anatomy in Chinese adults.Three dimensional(3D) images were reconstructed using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) images from 80 Chinese subjects and by SimPlant 11.04.The dimensions of the NPC,the thickness and profile of the labial bone,the width and height of the interproximal bone,angle sella-nasion-subspinale(SNA) and angle upper central incisor-nasion,subspinale(U1-NA) were measured.The incisive foramen of the NPC was markedly wider than its nasal foramen.The dimension of its labial bone wall demonstrated an increasing width from the crestal to apical measurements.The labial bone at the maxillary anterior region was rather thin,especially at 3 mm below the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) and the mid-root level;the profile of the labial bone was more curved at the central incisor,and the interproximal bone became wider and shorter posteriorly.There were significant relationships between maxillary protrusion and labial bone profile,tooth labiolingual inclination and labial bone thickness(P 〈 0.02).To achieve optimal esthetic outcome of implant,bone augmentation is necessary at the maxillary anterior region.For immediate or early placement at the maxillary anterior region,the implant should be located palatally to reduce labial bone resorption and marginal recession;its apex should be angulated palatally to avoid labial perforation at the apical region.To protect the NPC,implants at the central incisor region should be placed away from NPC. 展开更多
关键词 cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) nasopalatine canal(NPC) alveolar bone maxillary anterior region implant esthetics
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Possible Sources of Forecast Errors Generated by the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Landfalling Tropical Cyclones.PartⅠ:Initial Uncertainties 被引量:4
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作者 Feifan ZHOU Munehiko YAMAGUCHI Xiaohao QIN 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第7期841-851,共11页
This paper investigates the possible sources of errors associated with tropical cyclone (TC) tracks forecasted using the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES). The GRAPES forecasts were made ... This paper investigates the possible sources of errors associated with tropical cyclone (TC) tracks forecasted using the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES). The GRAPES forecasts were made for 16 landfaIling TCs in the western North Pacific basin during the 2008 and 2009 seasons, with a forecast length of 72 hours, and using the default initial conditions ("initials", hereafter), which are from the NCEP-FNL dataset, as well as ECMWF initials. The forecasts are compared with ECMWF forecasts. The results show that in most TCs, the GRAPES forecasts are improved when using the ECMWF initials compared with the default initials. Compared with the ECMWF initials, the default initials produce lower intensity TCs and a lower intensity subtropical high, but a higher intensity South Asia high and monsoon trough, as well as a higher temperature but lower specific humidity at the TC center. Replacement of the geopotential height and wind fields with the ECMWF initials in and around the TC center at the initial time was found to be the most efficient way to improve the forecasts. In addition, TCs that showed the greatest improvement in forecast accuracy usually had the largest initial uncertainties in TC intensity and were usually in the intensifying phase. The results demonstrate the importance of the initial intensity for TC track forecasts made using GRAPES, and indicate the model is better in describing the intensifying phase than the decaying phase of TCs. Finally, the limit of the improvement indicates that the model error associated with GRAPES forecasts may be the main cause of poor forecasts of landfalling TCs. Thus, further examinations of the model errors are required. 展开更多
关键词 tropical cyclone track forecast error diagnosis Global/regional Assimilation and Prediction System initialuncertainty
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Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Components of Yak Milk from Different Regions 被引量:3
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作者 XI Bin LI Wei-hong GAO Ya-qin 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2010年第6期26-27,48,共3页
[ Objective] To analyze the nutrient components of yak milk from different regions and provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of yak milk. [ Method] A total of 150 yak milk samples were co... [ Objective] To analyze the nutrient components of yak milk from different regions and provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of yak milk. [ Method] A total of 150 yak milk samples were collected from Tianzhu County, Maqu County and Tianjun County, and 90 yak milk samples were collected from three different yak farms in Tianzhu County. The content of milk protein, milk fat, fat solid, non-fat solid and lactose, as well as the density, freezing point and acidity were determined, respectively. [ Result] The milk protein content and milk fat content had significant differences between three regions. With the increasing altitude, the milk protein and milk fat were increased, but the content of fat solid, non-fat solid and lactose, density, freezing point and acidity had no obviously regular change. The milk protein content and milk fat content had no significant difference between three yak farms in Tianzhu County. [ Conclusion] The altitude may affect the milk protein content and milk fat content of yak milk. 展开更多
关键词 Yak milk Nutrient components regionS
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Nonmonotone Adaptive Trust Region Algorithms with Indefinite Dogleg Path for Unconstrained Minimization 被引量:13
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作者 陈俊 孙文瑜 《Northeastern Mathematical Journal》 CSCD 2008年第1期19-30,共12页
In this paper, we combine the nonmonotone and adaptive techniques with trust region method for unconstrained minimization problems. We set a new ratio of the actual descent and predicted descent. Then, instead of the ... In this paper, we combine the nonmonotone and adaptive techniques with trust region method for unconstrained minimization problems. We set a new ratio of the actual descent and predicted descent. Then, instead of the monotone sequence, the nonmonotone sequence of function values are employed. With the adaptive technique, the radius of trust region △k can be adjusted automatically to improve the efficiency of trust region methods. By means of the Bunch-Parlett factorization, we construct a method with indefinite dogleg path for solving the trust region subproblem which can handle the indefinite approximate Hessian Bk. The convergence properties of the algorithm are established. Finally, detailed numerical results are reported to show that our algorithm is efficient. 展开更多
关键词 nonmonotone trust region method adaptive method indefinite dogleg path unconstrained minimization global convergence superlinear convergence
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