School health promotion:A cross-sectional study on Clean and Healthy Living Program Behavior(CHLB)among Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Objective:This study aims to identify the knowledge,attitude,and behavior of students using eight indicators of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior(CHLB)in relation to the health education and grade levels in Islamic Boarding Schools(IBS)in Jember regency,East Java Province,Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional school-based survey design was used.About 114 students(mean age of 13.17 years old)selected through a multi-stage random sampling completed a selfadministered questionnaire to measure the eight indicators of CHLB,such as washing hands with running water and soap,eating healthy snacks,using clean and healthy latrines,exercising regularly and measurably,eradicating mosquito larvae,not smoking at school,weighing and height measurement every 6 months,and disposing garbage properly.The data analyses included descriptive and comparative analyses of the difference in knowledge,attitude,and behavior toward CHLB by health education and grade level.Results:About 66.7% students received health education.Significant knowledge in CHLB in relation to health education and grade was observed(P<.05),including in-depth knowledge of exercises,measurable weight and height,smoking,and healthy latrines.Meanwhile,no significant difference was observed between the attitude toward CHLB and health education in different grade levels.Furthermore,CHLB was associated with health education,including habitual exercise and using of clean and healthy latrines.

The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population

Uncorrected refractive error（URE） is a major health problem among school children. This study was aimed to determine the frequency and patterns of URE across 4 gradients of residential densities（urban, exurban, suburban and rural）. This was a cross-sectional study of school children from 3 districts in Yogyakarta and 1 district near Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The information regarding age, sex, school and school grader were recorded. The Snellen＇s chart was used to measure the visual acuity and to perform the subjective refraction. The district was then divided into urban, suburban, exurban and rural area based on their location and population. In total, 410 school children were included in the analyses（urban=79, exurban=73, suburban=160 and rural=98 school children）. Urban school children revealed the worst visual acuity（P〈0.001） and it was significant when compared with exurban and rural. The proportion of URE among urban, suburban, exurban and rural area were 10.1%, 12.3%, 3.8%, and 1%, respectively, and it was significant when compared to the proportion of ametropia and corrected refractive error across residential densities（P=0.003）. The risk of URE development in urban, suburban, exurban, and rural were 2.218（95%CI： 0.914-5.385）, 3.019（95%CI： 1.266-7.197）, 0.502（95%CI： 0.195-1.293）, and 0.130（95%CI：0.017-0.972）, respectively. Urban school children showed the worst visual acuity. The school children in urban and suburban residential area had 2 and 3 times higher risk of developing the URE.

The Association of PM2.5 and Surface Ozone with Asthma Prevalence among School Children in Japan: 2006-2009

Researches on asthma have found that air pollution increased asthma prevalence among sensitive age groups, including school children, and exposed them to the recognized health impacts. The aim of this study is to examine the association between elevated annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) and surface ozone and asthma prevalence among school children in Japan from 2006 to 2009. Annual rates of asthma prevalence among preschool and school children (5 to 11 years) are obtained from the database of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology—Japan (MEXT). Data on the concentrations of PM2.5 and surface ozone were obtained from 1,183 stations of air quality monitoring distributed in 47 prefectures. Annual means of these concentrations were compared to annual variations in asthma prevalence by using Pearson correlation coefficient. We found different associations between the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 and surface ozone and the annual rates of asthma prevalence among preschool and school children from 2006 to 2009. The positive values of the correlation coefficient in prefectures such as, Gumma, Shimane, and Niigata, are consistent with the previous knowledge. However, significant inverse associations were found in many prefectures. Our study suggests that the association between elevated concentrations of PM2.5 and surface ozone and asthma prevalence among school children in Japan is not strong enough to assume concretely a plausible and significant association.

The Contribution of Linear Growth Components to Hypertension in Secondary School Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Cameroon

Background: Components of height have been found to be positively associated with blood pressure (BP) both in developed and developing nations. However, amongst Cameroon secondary school adolescents, the relationship between heights, SH and SH/H with BP has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of secondary school adolescents with elevated BP and high BP and to evaluate the relationship between the different components of linear growth with BP. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study involving 602 adolescents (399 girls and 203 boys, mean age 14.9 ± 2.3 years) attending some public and private secondary schools in the Bamenda municipality of the North West Region of Cameroon. Anthropometric and BP measurements were carried out following standard procedures. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between the various components of height (height, SH, SH/H) with BP amongst the children. Results: The overall prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension amongst the study participants was 21.9% and 15.6% respectively (with 8.3% and 7.3% of the hypertensive children in Stage I and Stage II respectively). However, there were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of elevated BP and high BP (p = 0.497). Girls had a significantly (p Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that height was positively associated with SBP amongst children and adolescents. Thus, height can be used in predicting adolescents with a high risk of developing high BP in our setting.

Rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty versus punch punctoplasty with silicone intubation for acquired external punctal stenosis:a prospective randomized comparative study

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty versus punch punctoplasty via Kelly punch with silicone intubation for the management of acquired external punctal stenosis(AEPS).METHODS:A prospective,randomized,comparative study was performed on 123 eyes of 94 patients with AEPS.Patients were recruited into either group of rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty(group A)or group of punch punctoplasty with silicone intubation(group B).Outcomes measured were Munk score,grade of punctal stenosis,fluorescein dye disappearance time test(FDDT)and tear meniscus height(TMH)6 and 12 mo after surgery.RESULTS:Twelve months after surgery,Munk score,FDDT and TMH significantly decreased in both groups compared with the baseline(all P<0.05),and grade of punctal stenosis increased significantly(P<0.05).The grade of punctal stenosis,Munk score,FDDT and TMH were better in group B compared with group A at 6 or 12 mo(all P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between TMH and Munk score(R=0.655,P<0.001).At the last followed-up,anatomical success was noted in 96.7%eyes in group A and 98.4%eyes in group B(P=0.613).CONCLUSION:Punch punctoplasty via Kelly punch with silicone intubation achieves better outcomes than rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty.The new technique is a simple,minimally invasive,with high anatomical and functional success in patients with AEPS.

Effects of sports on school adaptability, resilience and cell phone addiction tendency of high school students

BACKGROUND Sport help promote healthy physical and mental development of high school students.To date,there have been few studies on the effect of sport on school adaptability,resilience and cell phone addiction tendency of high school students.AIM To explore the effects of sports on school adaptability,resilience and cell phone addiction of high school students.METHODS A stratified random sampling method was used to select 600 students from two high schools in Lhasa,and Physical Activity Rating Scale,School Adjustment Scale for High School Students,Chinese Adolescents Resilience Scale,and Mobile Phone Addiction Index were used for field questionnaire survey.RESULTS Sport was positively correlated with school adaptability and resilience(P<0.01),school adaptability was positively correlated with resilience(P<0.01)and cell phone addiction was negatively correlated with sports,school adaptability and resilience(P<0.01).The direct effect of sport on cell phone addiction was significant(P<0.001),accounting for 20.51%of the total effect.The mediating effect of school adaptability on sport and cell phone addiction was significant(P<0.001),accounting for 17.38%and 35.36%of the total effect value,respectively.School adjustment and resilience had a significant chain-mediated effect on sport and cell phone addiction(P<0.001),accounting for 26.75%of the total effect.CONCLUSION Sport affected the cell phone addiction tendency of senior high school students through the mediating effect of school adaptability and resilience,and through the chain mediation effect of both.

Local Wisdom-Based Character Education Model in Elementary School in Bantu1 Yogyakarta Indonesia

This study aimed at developing the integrated character education model based on local wisdom in elementary schools in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The method used was the model proposed by Borg and Gall. This research has been in 7th step of 10 steps. The data were collected through Focused-Group Discussion （FGD）, questionnaire distribution, and observation. The data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The data then were validated by using content validation. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were validated through triangulation. The model consists of three main topics： （1） batik making on pottery piggie banks which integrates creativity, determination, and responsibility; （2） traditional song called ＂Cublak-cublak Suweng＂ integrating knowledge loving value, honesty, and responsibility; and （3） traditional game and song ＂Gundhul-gnndhul Pacul＂ integrating some values such as modesty, carefulness, and cooperation. This research needs to be continued to the next step, namely： field testing, finishing, deissemination, and implementation.

Should Mobile Phones Be Banned in Schools?

For some time now, mobile phones have become indispensable and ubiquitous tools in our daily lives. Despite their convenience, they have also brought about new problems, espe cially among the youth. According to a study published in October, nearly seven out of 10 Chinese schoolchildren own at least one smartphone.

Building Daylight Simulation Analysis Based on Ladybug+Honeybee Parametric Approach:A Case Study of Gando Primary School

The Gando Primary School project faces several challenges like extreme environmental constraints,resource scarcity,and design requirements.These challenges include the hot climate of Burkina Faso,economic underdevelopment,building material scarcity,and lack of electrical resources.To implement an architectural design for the classrooms that accommodates these difficulties,especially in the absence of an electrical system,architect Francis Kéréemployed various passive design strategies that can provide shelter from the rain and heat while achieving essential lighting levels and ventilation.This paper used Gando Primary School as the research object and utilized the parametric tools of Ladybug+Honeybee(L+H)to conduct numerical simulations and evaluations of the building’s daylighting,glare analysis,and indoor thermal comfort.The aim of this study is to investigate the application of passive design strategies in energy conservation under extreme environmental conditions,propose a parametric energy-saving evaluation strategy with L+H,and explore energy-saving design ideas in economically underdeveloped Third World countries.

应用微型试验法评价INCONEL 718合金时效处理后性能的劣化

在工业设备的材质检验和寿命评估中，一方面，要尽可能采用无损或半无损检验的方法，另一方面又必须最大限度地得到材料的性能，微型试验试样技术是解决这种两难问题的有效方法．本文应用微型试验法－小冲孔试验技术评价ＩＮＣＯＮＥＬ７１８合金时效处理后的性能劣化．进行了小冲孔试验以及常规拉伸和断裂韧性测定等一系列试验．通过试验的数据分析，分别建立了ＩＮＣＯＮＥＬ７１８合金的断裂韧性（ＪＩＣ），屈服应力（σｙ）和最大拉伸应力（σｕｌｔ）与小冲孔试验数据（Ｐｙ，Ｐｕｌｔ，εｆ）之间的关系．应用上述关系可以方便。

Inconel600封头冲压加工

镍基特种合金耐蚀性好 ,在化工容器中得到广泛应用 ,但其制造技术要求高 ,尤其是封头的加工成形有难度。本文结合工程实践介绍了Inconel 6 0 0的材料特性、冲压工艺、缺陷处理以及探讨了热处理的适宜性等内容。

基础教育数字化转型的国际动态研究——以日本GIGA School构想为例

教育数字化转型已成为国际热议话题,国际上各国成效显著的基础教育数字化转型政策与行动对解决我国基础教育数字化转型中的问题有借鉴意义。近年来日本通过GIGA School构想的实践正逐步实现一人一台电子终端的基础教育数字化转型。因此,尝试从日本的相关政策中解析其转型目的以及落实措施,并提出细化教育数字化转型目标、明确教育数字化转型标准、搭建转型建设体系、构建多方面政策联动系统的实践启示。

基于Cone NAT穿越的完全P2P通信研究

Network Address Translation(NAT)技术能够解决公网IP地址紧缺的问题,确保网络安全,但也阻隔了不同子网内peer之间的直接通信。文章介绍了基于User Datagram Protoco(l UDP)的UDP Hole Punching技术实现NAT的穿越,并提出在完全P2P环境下内网中的P2P节点加入P2P网络并实现了NAT穿透的Friend Select Node(FSN)模型。

Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of socialemotional skills in school-based prevention programs

Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.

Tornudd＇s and Siukonen＇s Methodical Starting Points of Music Pedagogy in the Field of Educational Trends

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of educational trends on A. T6rnudd＇s （1913） and V. Siukonen＇s （1929） methods of music education （teaching and singing） in Finland from 1863 to the late 1930s. In the examination of methods the analysis focuses on the time when T6rnudd and Siukonen were influential. A model of analysis was created in the study, with the help of which common and divergent elements in the educational trends and methods of music education were sought. According to the study, TOmudd＇s pattern singing method represented the Old School starting points, but he was a supporter of the work school, for instance. Siukonen＇s method was based on the New School principle in which the child-centered education philosophy and the developmental-psychological growth and development were taken into account in developing the method. Siukonen raised singing by ear as a central feature, from which children made observations. Methodical transition period took place at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. However, in teaching singing, the effects of the new trends were seen as early as from the late 1910s onwards.

Knowledge flow analysis of knowledge co-production-based climate change adaptation for lowland rice farmers in Bulukumba Regency,Indonesia

To increase the resilience of farmers’livelihood systems,detailed knowledge of adaptation strategies for dealing with the impacts of climate change is required.Knowledge co-production approach is an adaptation strategy that is considered appropriate in the context of the increasing frequency of disasters caused by climate change.Previous research of knowledge co-production on climate change adaptation in Indonesia is insufficient,particularly at local level,so we examined the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge in the knowledge co-production process through climate field school(CFS)activities in this study.We interviewed 120 people living in Bulukumba Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia,involving 12 crowds including male and female farmers participated in CFS and not participated in CFS,local government officials,agriculture extension workers,agricultural traders,farmers’family members and neighbors,etc.In brief,the 12 groups of people mainly include two categories of people,i.e.,people involved in CFS activities and outside CFS.We applied descriptive method and Social network analysis(SNA)to determine how knowledge flow in the community network and which groups of actors are important for knowledge flow.The findings of this study reveal that participants in CFS activities convey the knowledge they acquired formally(i.e.,from TV,radio,government,etc.)and informally(i.e.,from market,friends,relatives,etc.)to other actors,especially to their families and neighbors.The results also show that the acquisition and sharing of knowledge facilitate the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge based on knowledge co-operation.In addition,the findings highlight the key role of actors in the knowledge transfer process,and key actors involved in disseminating information about climate change adaptation.To be specific,among all the actors,family member and neighbor of CFS actor are the most common actors in disseminating climate knowledge information and closest to other actors in the network;agricultural trader and family member of CFS actor collaborate most with other actors in the community network;and farmers participated in CFS,including those heads of farmer groups,agricultural extension workers,and local government officials are more willing to contact with other actors in the network.To facilitate the flow of knowledge on climate change adaptation,CFS activities should be conducted regularly and CFS models that fit the situation of farmers’vulnerability to climate change should be developed.

Study on the clogging mechanism of punching screen in sand control by the punching structure parameters

As an independent sand control unit or a common protective shell of a high-quality screen,the punching screen is the outermost sand retaining unit of the sand control pipe which is used in geothermal well or oil and gas well.However,most screens only consider the influence of the internal sand retaining medium parameters in the sand control performance design while ignoring the influence of the plugging of the punching screen on the overall sand retaining performance of the screen.To explore the clogging mechanism of the punching screen,this paper established the clogging mechanism calculation model of a single punching screen sand control unit by using the computational fluid mechanics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)combined method.According to the combined motion of particles and fluids,the influence of the internal flow state on particle motion and accumulation was analyzed.The results showed that(1)the clogging process of the punching sand control unit is divided into three stages:initial clogging,aggravation of clogging and stability of clogging.In the initial stage of blockage,coarse particles form a loose bridge structure,and blockage often occurs preferentially at the streamline gathering place below chamfering inside the sand control unit.In the stage of blockage intensification,the particle mass develops into a relatively complete sand bridge,which develops from both ends of the opening to the center of the opening.In the stable plugging stage,the sand deposits show a“fan shape”and form a“V-shaped”gully inside the punching slot element.(2)Under a certain reservoir particle-size distribution,The slit length and opening height have a large influence on the permeability and blockage rate,while the slit width size has little influence on the permeability and blockage rate.The microscopic clogging mechanism and its law of the punching screen prevention unit are proposed in this study,which has some field guidance significance for the design of punching screen and sand prevention selection.