Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) Raw Material Types on Properties of Anorthite Based Insulation Refractories

To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green and pollution-free kaolin,kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,respectively,and industrial CaCO_(3) as the CaO source.Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material types on the physical properties,phase composition and microstructure were investigated.The results are as follows.All samples prepared by different Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials have hexagonal flake anorthite and a small amount of mullite and corundum.Their bulk density and thermal conductivity decrease in the order of using kaolin,andalusite,kyanite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,but their apparent porosity increases.Moreover,in the sample with kaolin,the bonding between anorthite crystals on the pore walls is closer than that of the other samples,which is conducive to increasing the cold crushing strength.The bonding between anorthite crystals on pore walls gradually decreases in the order of using kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,thus their cold crushing strength decreases accordingly.In comprehensive consideration,the properties of the sample from kyanite are the optimal.Its apparent porosity,thermal conductivity and cold crushing strength are 84.6%,0.141 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) and 1.89 MPa,respectively.

Literature classification and its applications in condensed matter physics and materials science by natural language processing

The exponential growth of literature is constraining researchers’access to comprehensive information in related fields.While natural language processing(NLP)may offer an effective solution to literature classification,it remains hindered by the lack of labelled dataset.In this article,we introduce a novel method for generating literature classification models through semi-supervised learning,which can generate labelled dataset iteratively with limited human input.We apply this method to train NLP models for classifying literatures related to several research directions,i.e.,battery,superconductor,topological material,and artificial intelligence(AI)in materials science.The trained NLP‘battery’model applied on a larger dataset different from the training and testing dataset can achieve F1 score of 0.738,which indicates the accuracy and reliability of this scheme.Furthermore,our approach demonstrates that even with insufficient data,the not-well-trained model in the first few cycles can identify the relationships among different research fields and facilitate the discovery and understanding of interdisciplinary directions.

Existence and numerical approximation of a solution to frictional contact problem for electro-elastic materials

In this paper,a frictional contact problem between an electro-elastic body and an electrically conductive foundation is studied.The contact is modeled by normal compliance with finite penetration and a version of Coulomb’s law of dry friction in which the coefficient of friction depends on the slip.In addition,the effects of the electrical conductivity of the foundation are taken into account.This model leads to a coupled system of the quasi-variational inequality of the elliptic type for the displacement and the nonlinear variational equation for the electric potential.The existence of a weak solution is proved by using an abstract result for elliptic variational inequalities and a fixed point argument.Then,a finite element approximation of the problem is presented.Under some regularity conditions,an optimal order error estimate of the approximate solution is derived.Finally,a successive iteration technique is used to solve the problem numerically and a convergence result is established.

Formation of Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies Used in the Material Processing

In the process of production or processing of materials by various methods,there is a need for a large volume of water of the required quality.Today in many regions of the world,there is an acute problem of providing industry with water of a required quality.Its solution is an urgent and difficult task.The water quality of surface water bodies is formed by a combination of a large number of both natural and anthropogenic factors,and is often significantly heterogeneous not only in the water area,but also in depth.As a rule,the water supply of large industrial enterprises is located along the river network.Mergers are the most important nodes of river systems.Understanding the mechanism of transport of pollutants at the confluence of rivers is critical for assessing water quality.In recent years,thanks to the data of satellite images,the interest of researchers in the phenomenon of mixing the waters of merging rivers has increased.The nature of the merger is influenced by the formation of transverse circulation.Within the framework of this work,a study of vorticity,as well as the width of the mixing zone,depending on the distance from the confluence,the speeds of the merging rivers and the angle of confluence was carried out.Since the consumer properties of water are largely determined by its chemical and physical indicators,the intensity of mixing,determined largely by the nature of the secondary circulation,is of fundamental importance for assessing the distribution of hydrochemical indicators of water quality in the mixing zone.These characteristics are important not only for organizing water intake for drinking and technical purposes with the best consumer properties,but also for organizing an effective monitoring system for confluence zones.

The Effect of Reaction Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Alcohol Ratio in the Production of Biodiesel from Raw and Purified Castor Oil

In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.

Investigation of Refractory Bricks and Oxide Materials Heated in Hydrogen Reduction Conditions

This study aims to provide the basic knowledge for furnace refractory design by investigating refractory property changes occurred in a hydrogen atmosphere.Since refractory bricks are thermodynamically stable in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1100°C,we tried to find out the minute changes.In this experiment,a refractory brick was prepared by andalusite,mullite chamotte,and clay as raw materials and heated to 1100°C in a 100%hydrogen atmosphere for 72 h.It was found that the strength of the brick was decreased and the color was changed to black by the reduction of impurities.And in addition,this study covered research on the slaking risk of MgO raw materials because the minimum temperature is expected to 400°C in fluidized reduction furnaces unlike shaft furnaces.

Cooling and Crack Suppression of Bone Material Drilling Based on Microtextured Bit Modeled on Dung Beetle

In recent years,the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased,resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery.However,thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused by surgery severely restrict the development and progression of orthopedic surgery.For the material of cutting tool processing bone in bone surgery of drilling high temperature lead to cell death,easy to produce the problem such as crack cause secondary damage effects to restore,in this paper,a bionic drill was designed based on the micro-structure of the dung beetle's head and back.The microstructure configuration parameters were optimized by numerical analysis,and making use of the optical fiber laser marking machine preparation of bionic bit;through drilling test,the mathematical model of drilling temperature and crack generation based on micro-structure characteristic parameters was established by infrared thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission signal technology,and the cooling mechanism and crack suppression strategy were studied.The experimental results show that when the speed is 60 m/min,the cooling effects of the bionic bit T1 and T2 are 15.31%and 19.78%,respectively,and both kinds of bits show obvious crack suppression effect.The research in this paper provides a new idea for precision and efficient machining of bone materials,and the research results will help to improve the design and manufacturing technology and theoretical research level in the field of bone drilling tools.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials confined single atoms: New opportunities for environmental remediation

Two-dimensional(2D)supports confined single-atom catalysts(2D SACs)with unique geometric and electronic structures have been attractive candidates in different catalytic applications,such as energy conversion and storage,value-added chemical synthesis and environmental remediation.However,their environmental appli-cations lack of a comprehensive summary and in-depth discussion.In this review,recent progresses in synthesis routes and advanced characterization techniques for 2D SACs are introduced,and a comprehensive discussion on their applications in environmental remediation is presented.Generally,2D SACs can be effective in catalytic elimination of aqueous and gaseous pollutants via radical or non-radical routes and transformation of toxic pollutants into less poisonous species or highly value-added products,opening a new horizon for the contami-nant treatment.In addition,in-depth reaction mechanisms and potential pathways are systematically discussed,and the relationship between the structure-performance is highlighted.Finally,several critical challenges within this field are presented,and possible directions for further explorations of 2D SACs in environmental remediation are suggested.Although the research of 2D SACs in the environmental application is still in its infancy,this review will provide a timely summary on the emerging field,and would stimulate tremendous interest for designing more attractive 2D SACs and promoting their wide applications.

Raw Materials of Chinese Traditional Handmade paper

Chinese traditional handmade papers,due to their numerous names,have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time.This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese handmade paper in a botanical aspect in chronological order.Chinese handmade paper’s raw materials are divided into two groups,bast fiber and grass fiber.Bast fiber paper includes ramie-made rag paper,mulberry and paper mulberry paper,Thymelaeaceae paper,and vine paper.Stalk and grass fiber paper includes bamboo paper,grass paper,and stalk paper.

On "China-measures related to the exportation of various raw materials" case in terms of DSB's interpretations

The Appellate Body report in January 2012 had supported the decision of Panel in the"China-measures related to the exportation of various raw materials"case(WT/DS394,395,398)and affirmed that China's restrictions(such as tariffs and quota measures)on the exportation of raw materials violated rules put forth by the WTO,which were required to be modified.In this case China's right to invoke Article 20 of GATT1994("general exception")to justify its exemption from the guidelines in Article 11.3 of the WTO Accession Protocol was denied by the Panel and the Appellate Body.This was due to the fact that the phrasing in Article 11.3 of Protocol failed to mention"GATT."This was the consequence of the two interpretation approaches the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB)adopted-a narrow textual interpretation and a subjective presumption of"legislative silence."The inappropriate use of the two methods of interpretation lead to an imbalance between the right and obligation of China under the additional obligations that were imposed upon China by the WTO,which create a negative impact on China's rare earth case and the protection of domestic natural resources.

Development and Markets of China's Refractory Raw Materials

The distribution of refractory raw material resources , its throughput capacity, product varieties and quality as well as market situation in China were investigated.

Raw mix designing,clinkerization and manufacturing of high-strength Portland cement from the limestone and clay of Darukhula Nizampur,Nowshera District,North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.),Pakistan

This paper covers the detailed version of the potential raw material deposits at Darukhula and the adjacent areas of Nizampur, the manufacturing of high-strength Portland cement samples from the same material and comparison of the physical and chemical parameters for resulting cement with British and Pakistan standard specifications, which include compressive strength, setting time, consistency, lechatelier expansion, Blaine and insoluble residue. It was found that the raw material available in the study area meets the standard specifications and the area is feasible for the cement plant installation. The area can provide raw material which is quite sufficient for the running of a cement plant.

Advancements in machine learning for material design and process optimization in the field of additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles,complex experimental cycles,and high costs.Machine learning,as a novel artificial intelligence technology,has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process,assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing,particularly in model design and process development.Firstly,it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process.It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing,focusing on model design and process guidance.Finally,it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing.

Computational Comminution and Its Key Technologies Applied to Materials Processing Procedure

A new concept named computational comminution is proposed in thispaper, which is different from the traditional studies on materialsprocessing procedure such as the study based on theoretic models, thestudy based on experiment models, which is based on informationmodels. Some key technologies applied to mate- rials processingprocedure such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy sets, geneticalgorithms and visualization techn- ology are also presented, and afusing methodology of these new technologies is studied. Applicationin the cement grinding process of Horomill shows that results in thispaper are efficient.

Use of bio-based products towards more sustainable road paving binders: A state-of-the-art review

Many industrial sectors exploit fossil sources to develop useful and necessary materials for our needs,such as bituminous paving materials.Bitumen,a key component of asphalt mixtures,is derived from oil refining and its properties are influenced by the crude oil source and refining process,resulting in a significant carbon footprint.With growing awareness of resource depletion and environmental concerns,pavement researchers are exploring sustainable alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil sources.This includes a rising trend in using renewable materials like biomasses to produce bio-based binders as substitutes for bitumen,aiming for a more sustainable approach.Biomasses,including vegetal and animal wastes,and waste cooking oils,as substitutes for crude oil in the production of bio-binders.Through thermochemical conversion(TCC),such as pyrolysis,biomasses can be converted into bio-char and bio-oils,which can replace fossil-based components in binders.Researchers have utilized these bio-products to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in binders.However,there are no set minimum requirements for bio-components in bio-based binders.As the percentage of replaced bitumen increases,various types of binders are produced,including modified bitumen,extended bitumen,and alternative binders,where the fossil replacement is gradual.Overall rheological tests on bio-binders,reveal that those containing biochar exhibit increased viscosity,stiffness,rutting resistance,and sometimes antioxidant properties.Conversely,bio-binders with bio-oils as bitumen substitutes show poorer performance at high temperatures but improved behavior at low temperatures.These results suggest that bio-binders could provide versatile solutions for various climatic and loading conditions in road construction.However,the development of pavement mixtures based on bio-binders has not been studied in depth and requires further attention to unlock its full potential.As sustainability considerations,including life cycle assessments(LCA)and life cycle cost analyses(LCC),are crucial aspects for future studies.It is essential not only to collect data on the performance characteristics of bio-binders but also to understand their environmental impact and recyclability.In-depth evaluations using methods such as LCA and LCC will provide valuable insights into the overall sustainability and long-term viability of these products.

2019 Nationwide Conference on Raw Materials for Refractories Successfully Held in Tianjin

2019 Nationwide Conference on Raw Materials for Refractories,organized by Refractories Committee of The Chinese Society for Metals,Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co.,Ltd.(LIRR),State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories,Sinosteel Technology Incubator(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd.,and Refractories Press,sponsored by Imerys Aluminates Technology Co., Ltd.

A salt, detergent, and solvent tolerant protease from <i>Bacillus</i>sp. B001: Low-cost, easy-purified, and enhanced production by raw material based culture strategy

To enhance the protease production and decrease cost, corn flour and soy peptone were screened as cheap raw materials for the production of extracellular proteases by Bacillus strains. Their compositions in the medium suitable for enzyme production of Bacillus sp. B001 were optimized using statistical experiment designs. Under the optimized conditions, the protease production of Bacillus sp. B001 was stable at the stationary stage and reached to 63,200 U/mL, approximately 1.84-fold increase compared with that using the original medium. These improvements could be attributed to the release of the catabolite repression by crude materials corn flour and soy peptone which contained low level of available nutrients. Additionally, a highly pure protease which displayed excellent stability and compatibility with high salinity, commercial laundry detergents, and organic solvents, was rapidly obtained by two-step procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and anion exchange from the fermentation cultures of B001 in the optimized medium. When the culture method applied to other Bacillus strains, their protease yields were all remarkably increased approximately 2.9 to 8.5 folds. In conclusion, a low-cost, easy-purified, and effective producing strategy using the cheap raw materials was developed here, representing a potential application for protease production in various Industrial processes.

Refractory Raw Materials and Products

Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd Add： Shengquan Industrial Park, Zhangqiu 250204, Shandong Tel： ＋086-531-83502307 Fax： ＋086-531-83513019 E-mail ： april, tang@ shengquan, com Web： www. shengquanchem, corn

Refractory Raw Materials and Products

Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co. ,Ltd. Add: Shengquan Industrial Park,Zhangqiu 250204,Shandong Tel: + 086-531-83502307 Fax: + 086-531-83513019 E-mail: april. tang@ shengquan. com Web: www. shengquanchem. com Henan Ruishi Investment Croup Co. ,Ltd. Add: Huayuan Caifu Square A-1403,No. 1 Luopu Road,Luoyang 471000,Henan Tel: + 86-379-65286183 Fax: + 86-379-65285889 E-mail: duzude521@ rs-abrasive. com Web: www. rs-abrasive. com Jingzhou Huaxin Mullite Co. ,Ltd. Add: Gantai Industrial Park,Jingzhou County, Huaihua 418403,Hunan,China Tel: + 86-745-8310998 Fax: + 86-745-83109993