Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are generally designed to carry quasi-static gravity loads through almost indispensable components namely slab,however,it may be subjected to high intense loads induced from the impac...Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are generally designed to carry quasi-static gravity loads through almost indispensable components namely slab,however,it may be subjected to high intense loads induced from the impact of projectiles generated by the tornado,falling construction equipment,and also from accidental explosions during their construction and service lifespan.Impacts due to rock/boulder falls do occur on the structures located especially in hilly areas.Such loadings are not predictable but may cause severe damage to the slab/structure.It stimulates structural engineers and researchers to investigate and understand the dynamic response of RC structures under such impulsive loading.This research work first investigates the performance of 1000×1000×75 mm^(3)conventionally reinforced two-way spanning normal strength concrete slab with only tension reinforcement(0.88%)under the concentric impact load(1035 N)using the finite element method based computer code,ABAQUS/Explicit-v.6.15.The impact load is delivered to the centroid of the slab using a solid-steel cylindroconical impactor(drop weight)with a flat nose of diameter 40 mm,having a total mass of 105 kg released from a fixed height of 2500 mm.Two popular concrete constitutive models in ABAQUS namely;Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC)and Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP),with strain rate effects as per fib MODEL CODE 2010,are used to model the concrete material behavior to impact loading and to simulate the damage to the slab.The slab response using these two models is analyzed and compared with the impact test results.The strain rate effect on the reinforcing steel bars has been incorporated in the analysis using the Malvar and Crawford(1998)approach.A classical elastoplastic kinematic idealization is considered to model the steel impactor and support system.Results reveal that the HJC model gives a little overestimation of peak displacement,maximum acceleration,and damage of the slab while the predictions given by the CDP model are in reasonable agreement with the experimental test results/observations available in the open literature.Following the validation of the numerical model,analyses have been extended to further investigate the damage response of the slab under eccentric impact loadings.In addition to the concentric location(P1)of the impacting device,five locations on a quarter of the slab i.e.,two along the diagonal(P2&P3),the other two along the mid-span(P4&P5),and the last one(P6)between P3 and P5,covering the entire slab,are considered.Computational results have been discussed and compared,and the evaluation of the most damaging location(s)of the impact is investigated.It has been found that the most critical location of the impact is not the centroid of the slab but the eccentric one with the eccentricity of 1/6th of the span from the centroid along the mid-span section.展开更多
Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are common in engineering,and usually exposed to air or water,may be subjected to various blast scenarios.This paper aims to investigate the blast resistance of an airbacked RC slab a...Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are common in engineering,and usually exposed to air or water,may be subjected to various blast scenarios.This paper aims to investigate the blast resistance of an airbacked RC slab against underwater contact explosions(UWCEs).A detailed numerical model based on CLE method considering explosive,water,air,and RC slab is developed to examine the structural behavior of the air-backed RC slab due to UWCEs.At first,the reliability of the numerical method is validated by comparing the numerical results of an UWCE test with experimental data.Then,the difference in dynamic behavior of air-backed and water-backed RC slabs due to UWCEs is explored with the calibrated model.The results indicate that the blast response of the air-backed slab induced by UWCE is fiercer than that of water-backed slab with equal charge mass.In addition,parametric studies are also conducted to explore the effects of the charge mass,standoff distance,reinforcement spacing,concrete compression strength,and boundary condition on the blast performance of the air-backed RC slab.展开更多
An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete（RC） slab at different ages in a marine environment.Results show that the development of corrosion-induc...An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete（RC） slab at different ages in a marine environment.Results show that the development of corrosion-induced cracks on a slab in a marine environment can be divided into three stages according to crack morphology at the bottom of the slab.In the first stage,cracks appear.In the second stage,cracks develop from the edges to the middle of the slab.In the third stage,longitudinal and transverse corrosion-induced cracks coexist.The corrosion ratio of reinforcements nonlinearly increases with the age,and the relationship between the corrosion ratio of the reinforcements and the corrosion-induced crack width of the concrete is established.The flexural capacity of the corroded RC slab nonlinearly decreases with the age,and the model for the bearing capacity factor of the corroded RC slab is established.The mid-span deflection of the corroded RC slab that corresponds to the yield of the reinforcements linearly increases with the increase in corrosion ratio.Finally,the mechanisms of corrosion morphology and the degradation of the mechanical properties of an RC slab in a marine environment are discussed on the basis of the basic theories of steel corrosion in concrete and concrete structure design.展开更多
In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drif...In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drift of the building due to their large in-plane stiffness. However, the presence of floor slabs influences the behavior of the shear wall. Also, the current design requirements do not account for the presence of floor slabs. To understand the behavior of wall-slab junctions and address the shortcomings of the current design requirements, the influence of two parameters, namely(a) aspect ratio and(b) longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the behavior is studied numerically. It is observed that the presence of floor slabs at different levels tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. The wall-slab junctions show large stress concentrations arising from the strut action in the squat panels. It is also observed that the floor slabs can get significantly damaged near the wall-slab junction for lower vertical reinforcement ratios in the wall. Thus, the current codeprescribed minimum reinforcement in shear walls is not sufficient and needs to be revisited at for improved performance.展开更多
In order to maximize the return of investments and at the same time improve the quality in the construction industry of midrise buildings, it is very important to derive an optimal solution to the building structural ...In order to maximize the return of investments and at the same time improve the quality in the construction industry of midrise buildings, it is very important to derive an optimal solution to the building structural system, which would facilitate faster and easier construction activities with minimal quantity of construction material, while maintaining the satisfactory level of building safety and performance. This paper makes a comparative study between a ＂solid＂ and a ＂waffle＂ slab system. A typical 14-story RC building structure is selected as an example for this study purpose. The first part of this study is focused in deriving an optimal solution for a solid and waffle slab system which are later on considered as constituents of all stories of the 14-story building. In the second part, it is elaborated the effect of both slab systems over the 14-story building model. This study aims to emphasize the advantages of mid-rise buildings constituted of waffle slab system over the buildings characterized with solid types of slabs, in terms of economy, structural safety and performance.展开更多
文摘Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are generally designed to carry quasi-static gravity loads through almost indispensable components namely slab,however,it may be subjected to high intense loads induced from the impact of projectiles generated by the tornado,falling construction equipment,and also from accidental explosions during their construction and service lifespan.Impacts due to rock/boulder falls do occur on the structures located especially in hilly areas.Such loadings are not predictable but may cause severe damage to the slab/structure.It stimulates structural engineers and researchers to investigate and understand the dynamic response of RC structures under such impulsive loading.This research work first investigates the performance of 1000×1000×75 mm^(3)conventionally reinforced two-way spanning normal strength concrete slab with only tension reinforcement(0.88%)under the concentric impact load(1035 N)using the finite element method based computer code,ABAQUS/Explicit-v.6.15.The impact load is delivered to the centroid of the slab using a solid-steel cylindroconical impactor(drop weight)with a flat nose of diameter 40 mm,having a total mass of 105 kg released from a fixed height of 2500 mm.Two popular concrete constitutive models in ABAQUS namely;Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC)and Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP),with strain rate effects as per fib MODEL CODE 2010,are used to model the concrete material behavior to impact loading and to simulate the damage to the slab.The slab response using these two models is analyzed and compared with the impact test results.The strain rate effect on the reinforcing steel bars has been incorporated in the analysis using the Malvar and Crawford(1998)approach.A classical elastoplastic kinematic idealization is considered to model the steel impactor and support system.Results reveal that the HJC model gives a little overestimation of peak displacement,maximum acceleration,and damage of the slab while the predictions given by the CDP model are in reasonable agreement with the experimental test results/observations available in the open literature.Following the validation of the numerical model,analyses have been extended to further investigate the damage response of the slab under eccentric impact loadings.In addition to the concentric location(P1)of the impacting device,five locations on a quarter of the slab i.e.,two along the diagonal(P2&P3),the other two along the mid-span(P4&P5),and the last one(P6)between P3 and P5,covering the entire slab,are considered.Computational results have been discussed and compared,and the evaluation of the most damaging location(s)of the impact is investigated.It has been found that the most critical location of the impact is not the centroid of the slab but the eccentric one with the eccentricity of 1/6th of the span from the centroid along the mid-span section.
基金The supports from the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJB580001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52209162,51979152)+2 种基金Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China(T2020005)Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei ProvinceJiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB214044)。
文摘Reinforced concrete(RC)structures are common in engineering,and usually exposed to air or water,may be subjected to various blast scenarios.This paper aims to investigate the blast resistance of an airbacked RC slab against underwater contact explosions(UWCEs).A detailed numerical model based on CLE method considering explosive,water,air,and RC slab is developed to examine the structural behavior of the air-backed RC slab due to UWCEs.At first,the reliability of the numerical method is validated by comparing the numerical results of an UWCE test with experimental data.Then,the difference in dynamic behavior of air-backed and water-backed RC slabs due to UWCEs is explored with the calibrated model.The results indicate that the blast response of the air-backed slab induced by UWCE is fiercer than that of water-backed slab with equal charge mass.In addition,parametric studies are also conducted to explore the effects of the charge mass,standoff distance,reinforcement spacing,concrete compression strength,and boundary condition on the blast performance of the air-backed RC slab.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50079002)
文摘An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete（RC） slab at different ages in a marine environment.Results show that the development of corrosion-induced cracks on a slab in a marine environment can be divided into three stages according to crack morphology at the bottom of the slab.In the first stage,cracks appear.In the second stage,cracks develop from the edges to the middle of the slab.In the third stage,longitudinal and transverse corrosion-induced cracks coexist.The corrosion ratio of reinforcements nonlinearly increases with the age,and the relationship between the corrosion ratio of the reinforcements and the corrosion-induced crack width of the concrete is established.The flexural capacity of the corroded RC slab nonlinearly decreases with the age,and the model for the bearing capacity factor of the corroded RC slab is established.The mid-span deflection of the corroded RC slab that corresponds to the yield of the reinforcements linearly increases with the increase in corrosion ratio.Finally,the mechanisms of corrosion morphology and the degradation of the mechanical properties of an RC slab in a marine environment are discussed on the basis of the basic theories of steel corrosion in concrete and concrete structure design.
文摘In high seismic zone regions, slender reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used in high-rise buildings as a main lateral load resisting element. These walls are very effective in limiting the lateral drift of the building due to their large in-plane stiffness. However, the presence of floor slabs influences the behavior of the shear wall. Also, the current design requirements do not account for the presence of floor slabs. To understand the behavior of wall-slab junctions and address the shortcomings of the current design requirements, the influence of two parameters, namely(a) aspect ratio and(b) longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the behavior is studied numerically. It is observed that the presence of floor slabs at different levels tends to partition the wall into squat wall panels between two consecutive floors. The wall-slab junctions show large stress concentrations arising from the strut action in the squat panels. It is also observed that the floor slabs can get significantly damaged near the wall-slab junction for lower vertical reinforcement ratios in the wall. Thus, the current codeprescribed minimum reinforcement in shear walls is not sufficient and needs to be revisited at for improved performance.
文摘In order to maximize the return of investments and at the same time improve the quality in the construction industry of midrise buildings, it is very important to derive an optimal solution to the building structural system, which would facilitate faster and easier construction activities with minimal quantity of construction material, while maintaining the satisfactory level of building safety and performance. This paper makes a comparative study between a ＂solid＂ and a ＂waffle＂ slab system. A typical 14-story RC building structure is selected as an example for this study purpose. The first part of this study is focused in deriving an optimal solution for a solid and waffle slab system which are later on considered as constituents of all stories of the 14-story building. In the second part, it is elaborated the effect of both slab systems over the 14-story building model. This study aims to emphasize the advantages of mid-rise buildings constituted of waffle slab system over the buildings characterized with solid types of slabs, in terms of economy, structural safety and performance.
