Mass transfer enhancement and hydrodynamic performance with wire mesh coupling solid particles in bubble column reactor

It is of vital significance to investigate mass transfer enhancements for chemical engineering processes.This work focuses on investigating the coupling influence of embedding wire mesh and adding solid particles on bubble motion and gas-liquid mass transfer process in a bubble column.Particle image velocimetry(PIV)technology was employed to analyze the flow field and bubble motion behavior,and dynamic oxygen absorption technology was used to measure the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLa).The effect of embedding wire mesh,adding solid particles,and wire mesh coupling solid particles on the flow characteristic and kLa were analyzed and compared.The results show that the gas-liquid interface area increases by 33%-72%when using the wire mesh coupling solid particles strategy compared to the gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is superior to the other two strengthening methods.Compared with the system without reinforcement,kLa in the bubble column increased by 0.5-1.8 times with wire mesh coupling solid particles method,which is higher than the sum of kLa increases with inserting wire mesh and adding particles,and the coupling reinforcement mechanism for affecting gas-liquid mass transfer process was discussed to provide a new idea for enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Heat-fluid-solid Coupling of Double Flapper-nozzle Servo Valve

The double flapper-nozzle servo valve is widely used to launch and guide the equipment. Due to the large instantaneous flow rate of servo valve working under specific operating conditions, the temperature of servo valve would reach 120℃ and the valve core and valve sleeve deform in a short amount of time. So the control precision of servo valve significantly decreases and the clamping stagnation phenomenon of valve core appears. In order to solve the problem of degraded control accuracy and clamping stagnation of servo valve under large temperature difference circumstance, the numerical simulation of heat-fluid-solid coupling by using finite element method is done. The simulation result shows that zero position leakage of servo valve is basically impacted by oil temperature and change of fit clearance. The clamping stagnation is caused by warpage-deformation and fit clearance reduction of the valve core and valve sleeve. The distribution roles of the temperature and thermal-deformation of shell, valve core and valve sleeve and the pressure, velocity and temperature field of flow channel are also analyzed. Zero position leakage and electromagnet＇s current when valve core moves in full-stroke are tested using Electro-hydraulic Servo-valve Characteristic Test-bed of an aerospace sciences and technology corporation. The experimental results show that the change law of experimental current at different oil temperatures is roughly identical to simulation current. The current curve of the electromagnet is smooth when oil temperature is below 80℃, but the amplitude of current significantly increases and the hairy appears when oil temperature is above 80℃. The current becomes smooth again after the warped valve core and valve sleeve are reground. It indicates that clamping stagnation is caused by warpage-deformation and fit clearance reduction of valve core and valve sleeve. This paper simulates and tests the heat-fluid-solid coupling of double flapper-nozzle servo valve, and the obtained results provide the reference value for the design of double flapper-nozzle force feedback servo valve.

FLUID-SOLID COUPLING MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN UNSATURATED ZONE AND ITS ASYMPTOTICAL SOLUTION

The process of contaminant transport is a problem of multicomponent and multiphase flow in unsaturated zone. Under the presupposition that gas existence affects water transport, a coupled mathematical model of contaminant transport in unsaturated zone has been established based on fluid_solid interaction mechanics theory. The asymptotical solutions to the nonlinear coupling mathematical model were accomplished by the perturbation and integral transformation method. The distribution law of pore pressure, pore water velocity and contaminant concentration in unsaturated zone has been presented under the conditions of with coupling and without coupling gas phase. An example problem was used to provide a quantitative verification and validation of the model. The asymptotical solution was compared with Faust model solution. The comparison results show reasonable agreement between asymptotical solution and Faust solution, and the gas effect and media deformation has a large impact on the contaminant transport. The theoretical basis is provided for forecasting contaminant transport and the determination of the relationship among pressure_saturation_permeability in laboratory.

Fluid-solid coupling model for studying wellbore instability in drilling of gas hydrate bearing sediments

As the oil or gas exploration and development activities in deep and ultra- deep waters become more and more, encountering gas hydrate bearing sediments （HBS） is almost inevitable. The variation in temperature and pressure can destabilize gas hydrate in nearby formation around the borehole, which may reduce the strength of the formation and result in wellbore instability. A non-isothermal, transient, two-phase, and fluid-solid coupling mathematical model is proposed to simulate the complex stability performance of a wellbore drilled in HBS. In the model, the phase transition of hydrate dissociation, the heat exchange between drilling fluid and formation, the change of mechanical and petrophysical properties, the gas-water two-phase seepage, and its interaction with rock deformation are considered. A finite element simulator is developed, and the impact of drilling mud on wellbore instability in HBS is simulated. Results indicate that the re- duction in pressure and the increase in temperature of the drilling fluid can accelerate hydrate decomposition and lead to mechanical properties getting worse tremendously. The cohesion decreases by 25% when the hydrate totally dissociates in HBS. This easily causes the wellbore instability accordingly. In the first two hours after the formation is drilled, the regions of hydrate dissociation and wellbore instability extend quickly. Then, with the soaking time of drilling fluid increasing, the regions enlarge little. Choosing the low temperature drilling fluid and increasing the drilling mud pressure appropriately can benefit the wellbore stability of HBS. The established model turns out to be an efficient tool in numerical studies of the hydrate dissociation behavior and wellbore stability of HBS.

RESEARCH ON SOLID-LIQUID COUPLING DYNAMICSOF PIPE CONVEYING FLUID

On the basis of Hamilton principle. the equation of sonlid-liquid coupling vibration of pipe conveying fluid is deduced. An asymmetrical sonlid-liquid coupling damp matrix and a symmetrical solid-liquid coupling Stiffness matrix are obtained. Using QR method , pipe’s nature frequencies are calculated. The curves of the first four orders of natural frequency-flow velocity of pipe waw given .The influence of flowing velocity ,pressure, solid-liquid coupling damp and solid-liquid coupling stiffness on natural frequency are discussed respectively.The dynamic respondence of the pipes for stepload with different flow velocity are calculated by Newmark method .It is found that,with the flow velocity increased, the nature frequency of the pipes reduced, increased,reduced again and so on.

Controlling Roll Temperature by Fluid-Solid Coupled Heat Transfer

Currently, when magnesium alloy sheet is rolled, the method of controlling roll temperature is simple and inaccurate. Furthermore, roll temperature has a large influence on the quality of magnesium alloy sheet; therefore, a new model using circular fluid flow control roll temperature has been designed. A fluid heat transfer structure was designed, the heat transfer process model of the fluid heating roll was simplified, and the finite di erence method was used to cal?culate the heat transfer process. Fluent software was used to simulate the fluid?solid coupling heat transfer, and both the trend and regularity of the temperature field in the heat transfer process were identified. The results show that the heating e ciency was much higher than traditional heating methods(when the fluid heat of the roll and tempera?ture distribution of the roll surface was more uniform). Moreover, there was a bigger temperature di erence between the input and the output, and after using reverse flow the temperature di erence decreased. The axial and circum?ferential temperature distributions along the sheet were uniform. Both theoretical calculation results and numerical simulation results of the heat transfer between fluid and roll were compared. The error was 1.8%–12.3%, showing that the theoretical model can both forecast and regulate the temperature of the roll(for magnesium alloy sheets) in the rolling process.

Flow Field and Temperature Field of Water-Cooling-Type Magnetic Coupling

At present, the water-cooling simulation of the water-cooled magnetic coupler is based on the water-cooled motor and the hydraulic coupler, which cannot accurately characterize the temperature distribution of the rotating watercooled coupling of the coupler. Focusing on rotating water cooling radiating, the present paper proposes simulating the water cooling temperature field as well as the flow field through the method of combining fluid-solid coupled heat transfer and MRF(Multiphase Reference Frame). In addition, taking an 800 kW magnetic coupling as an example, the paper optimizes the shape, number, cooling water inlet speed? and so on? of the cooling channel. Considering factors such as the complete machine’s temperature, and drag torque, it is proved that the cooling e ect is best when there are 36 involute curved channels and when the inlet speed is 3 m/s. Further, through experiments, the actual temperature values at six di erent positions when 50 kW and 70 kW thermal losses di er are measured. The measured values agree with the simulation results, proving the correctness of the proposed method. Further, data have been collected during the entire experimental procedure? and the variation in the coupling’s temperature is analyzed in depth, with the objective of laying a foundation for the estimation of the inner temperature rise as well as for the optimization of the structural design.

Development and validation of THM coupling model of methane-containing coal

Based on nine necessary basic assumptions for THM coupling model,this research comprehensively applied the theories of elastic mechanics,seepage mechanics and heat transfer,and established a real three-field and two-way coupled mathematical model to reveal the connections among seepage field,deformation field and temperature field within the system of methane-containing coal.In comparison between numerical and analytical solutions,the coupling modeling for THM of methane-containing coal was proved to be correct by model application in the physical simulation experiment of coal and gas outburst.The model established in this paper was the improvement of traditional seepage theory of methane-containing coal and fluid-solid coupled model theory,which can be widely used in prevention of coal and gas outburst as well as exploitation of coal bed methane.

基于CFD-DEM的流-固耦合数值建模方法研究进展

随着土体渗流侵蚀研究的逐渐深入,对土颗粒流失和变形破坏机理的研究方法呈现出多尺度的特点。其中,计算流体力学-离散元耦合方法(CFD-DEM)为在细观尺度上研究流-固耦合相互作用对土体宏观力学特性的影响提供了一种行之有效的方法。针对CFD-DEM耦合方法在岩土工程领域应用现状,本文系统总结现有流-固耦合计算方法的优缺点,重点论述CFD-DEM耦合方法的建模策略,包括固相颗粒形状建模与粒间接触模型、流体相控制方程及参数计算方法,以及CFD-DEM耦合计算,并就相关问题进行深入探讨,最后提出了CFD-DEM耦合方法未来的发展方向。

库水作用下滑坡土体渗流与蠕变耦合试验研究

水库滑坡变形具有显著的渗流与蠕变耦合效应。为此,采用自主研发的渗流与蠕变耦合三轴试验仪,分别开展了渗流对蠕变的影响以及变形对渗流的影响试验研究,并改进GDS三轴仪完成了高精度控制和量测的渗流与蠕变耦合试验。结果表明:渗流作用下,土样体积变形随时间先逐渐增大后缓慢减小,主要原因是超孔隙水压力导致围压卸荷,使得土样产生回弹变形,但渗透压力持续作用于土体,使得土样体积持续缓慢减小;获取了渗流过程中土样体积的变化结果,分别建立了渗流开始前试样e-k(孔隙比-渗透系数)关系曲线及渗流稳定后试样e-k关系曲线,结果表明考虑变形影响的e-k关系曲线更能反映土体的流固耦合效应。研究成果可望为水库滑坡变形演化预测提供更加科学严密的理论和方法。

流固耦合作用下含不同长度裂隙灰岩注浆加固特性试验研究

黄河北煤田因矿井水害影响,安全高效开采煤炭资源成为矿井发展的关键瓶颈。注浆技术是当前解决矿井水害问题的重要手段,不仅能解放大量受到水害威胁的煤炭资源,而且对保护地下水资源具有积极意义。对黄河北煤田邱集煤矿取得的灰岩试样开展室试验,观察了灰岩的细观特征,获取了流固耦合作用下含不同长度裂隙灰岩的力学特性及注浆加固特性,通过理论分析得到了灰岩随预制裂隙长度变化时,起裂强度的变化规律,分析了注浆加固机理。结果表明:注浆后岩石的强度、韧性得到明显改善,注浆前的灰岩有明显的脆性特征,注浆后灰岩的脆性降低延性增强;注浆加固体的破坏程度随着裂隙长度的增加越来越剧烈,当裂隙长度较大时伴随有水平方向的裂隙发育;注浆加固体的峰前渗透率的降低程度较小,峰后渗透率有明显的降低,灰岩渗透率最大阶段产生在峰后阶段、而渗透率最小的阶段发生在应力–应变曲线的线弹性阶段,并且裂隙长度越长越容易出现渗透率双峰现象。使用连续介质力学理论推导得到了注浆加固体起裂强度和断裂韧度的计算式,理论证明了注浆加固体的强度大于原岩试样;岩石弹性模量与注浆形成的结合体的弹性模量的差异越大,注浆对岩石强度的影响越弱。

隧道突涌水灾害缩尺物理模型试验研究综述

随着我国经济的快速发展,隧道工程建设越来越多地面临着大埋深、高地应力、高地温、高渗透压力等复杂地质环境,运用物理模型试验开展复杂环境下隧道突涌水灾变机理与安全防控研究已成为岩石力学的热点问题。结合近年来国内外针对隧道突涌水灾变缩尺物理模型试验开展的研究工作,重点对该类物理模型的流固耦合相似理论、相似材料研制、渗透压加载方法等内容进行了系统梳理,并对下一步的可能发展方向进行展望。参考部分文献和突水典型案例后,总结了流固耦合相似准则和高地应力下的相似准则、相似材料选用方案及材料配比、试验中的水压加载方案,认为未来关注的重点包括考虑温度场的物理模型试验相似准则的研究和涌水涌泥与突水突泥间渐变过程的研究2个方面。

基于EDEM-Fluent的玉米储藏立筒仓环流通风与纵向通风仿真分析

为解决立筒仓中纵向通风方式储粮效果不佳,在储粮机械通风过程中存在通风不均匀等问题,该研究结合纵向通风与横向通风的优点建立了环流通风仓模型,应用EDEM-Fluent流固热耦合方法,对相同工况下,储粮仓两种风道结构在机械通风时的速度场、温度场进行仿真对比分析。结果表明:环流通风速度均匀性指数为0.92,纵向通风速度均匀性指数为0.88,相同工况下环流通风气流在粮仓内分布更均匀。在温度场仿真分析中,纵向通风初期入风口附近区域粮堆温度呈梯度下降,明显低于初始温度,上层粮堆由纵向通风引起的热量传递不明显,受仓顶环境温度影响,粮面温度较粮堆内部低;环流通风初期,上层粮堆在环流通风影响下已经开始进行热量交换,产生温度梯度,通风结束后,纵向通风在粮层高度H=0.5 m处,温度维持26.85℃,H=0.8 m处温度降到27.85℃,整体平均温度降至24.77℃,环流通风仓在这两处温度分别为24.85和25.85℃,整体平均温度降至23.43℃,环流通风整体降温效果优于纵向通风;在颗粒温度场仿真分析中,相较于纵向通风,环流通风仓上下部颗粒温度相差较小,整体降温均匀。在不同通风形式下的粮仓各层温度变化规律分析中,不同高度的粮层,环流通风的粮堆温度均低于纵向通风,环流通风的粮堆温度下降更快,降温效果更好。整体结果表明,加装环流风道后立筒仓内粮堆降温效果明显优于纵向通风结构,研究结果为立筒仓风道优化,解决储粮通风不均问题提供重要依据。

控制杆-强制旋转对圆柱涡激振动的抑制作用研究

为实现圆柱涡激振动的高效抑制,本文基于控制杆-强制旋转组合结构讨论圆柱涡激振动的抑制问题。对低雷诺数下的圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,对比分析不同控制杆数量和圆柱转速比下的流场特性、振动响应和流体力响应等。结果表明:与裸圆柱相比,控制杆具有一定的涡激振动抑制效果;对于三、五控制杆,通过调节转速比,可以实现最高98%的圆柱振幅抑制(对三控制杆,转速比为0.4~0.6;对五控制杆,转速比为0~0.2);圆柱振幅抑制与圆柱减阻区间相同;对于四、六控制杆,旋转对振幅抑制的影响较小;主圆柱表面的漩涡脱落和漩涡的合并会引起流体力系数的高幅波动,导致圆柱高振幅响应;没有漩涡合并和圆柱表面脱涡不明显时,流体力系数则无明显波动,圆柱振幅也显著降低。

考虑流固耦合作用的超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性表征:以塔里木盆地富满油田满深区块为例

超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层埋藏深,压力高,储集空间复杂多样,流体流动渗流、自由流并存,储层连通性表征困难,而储层连通性的精确表征是寻找油气富集区、储量精确预测、井网优化和井位部署的关键所在。为此,以塔里木盆地富满油田超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象,考虑流固耦合作用,建立缝洞型储层应力渗流自由流耦合数学模型,采用岩石渗透率演化试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统开展了超深缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性研究。研究结果表明:随着围压、轴压的增加,岩石渗透率逐渐降低,岩石连通性减弱;低围压条件下,轴压对岩石渗透能力和连通性影响显著;随着裂缝开度和倾角的增加,储层连通性逐渐增强;裂缝连通溶洞能够显著改善储层连通性;随着溶洞体积的增加,流体流速与等效渗透率增大,显著改善储层连通性;而单纯增加溶洞数量,会减弱自由流(Stokes)效应,改善储层连通性效果不明显。研究成果可为深层碳酸盐岩储层精确评价,提高油气高效勘探开发效果提供技术支撑。

基于流固耦合的轮胎花纹滑水性能研究

以205/55 R16型号轮胎为研究对象,基于Abaqus CEL流固耦合方法构建轮胎滑水有限元模型。将模拟得到的轮胎垂直刚度与实验数据进行对比,验证轮胎模型可靠性的前提下,优化欧拉域,更好地捕捉并分析轮胎滑水时水流印迹特征。结合NASA经验公式评估模拟得到的临界滑水速度,验证轮胎滑水模型可靠性,分析不同充气压力和水膜厚度对轮胎临界滑水速度的影响。通过引入V型横向花纹和增加F1 Nose结构优化轮胎花纹结构,验证花纹沟槽子模型优化合理性,对比优化前、后轮胎临界滑水速度和水流压力。结果表明:此优化方法能有效提高轮胎的滑水性能。

考虑热障涂层及冷却结构影响的某F级燃气轮机火焰筒数值研究

以某F级燃气轮机燃烧室火焰筒为研究对象,考虑热障涂层及冷却结构对火焰筒气动传热影响,基于流热固耦合方法对额定工况下的火焰筒进行了内部流场、温度场和应力场分析,并将数值分析结果与火焰筒实际损伤情况进行对比。结果表明:数值分析结果的火焰筒高应力区域与火焰筒实际损伤区域基本吻合,采用流热固耦合方法可以预测火焰筒实际损伤情况;不同位置的热障涂层陶瓷层隔热效果相近;基体和热障涂层陶瓷层在冷却结构附近的区域均为高应力区域。

基于仿真的复合冲击破岩流固热耦合场分析

为了揭示复合冲击载荷下全尺寸PDC钻头破岩机理,以温度为纽带,通过迭代算法建立复合冲击载荷下PDC钻头破岩流固热耦合仿真分析模型,同时以PDC钻头切削齿温度为评价指标验证仿真模型;从动态破岩过程、力学变化行为、温度演化规律和流场分布特征等4个方面完成复合冲击载荷下全尺寸PDC钻头破岩工作特性分析。分析结果表明:PDC钻头破岩流固热耦合仿真分析模型误差在10%以内,满足工程分析精度需求;PDC钻头破岩过程分为单齿破岩、平面破岩和深度破岩3个阶段,增加复合冲击载荷后PDC钻头最大扭矩增大66.3%,平均扭矩增大28.0%;PDC钻头的高温区域分布在钻头最底部切削齿表面,最高温度达到166.9℃;钻井液在PDC钻头刀翼外侧切削齿产生高压区域,最大压力达到107.9 kPa;钻井液在喷嘴出口处流速最大,达到6.1 m/s。研究结果可为揭示复合冲击破岩机理、开发高效PDC钻头提供理论指导和技术支持。

列车荷载作用下CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道层间离缝水力特性研究

在雨水充沛或排水不畅地区,积水会造成无砟轨道层间离缝扩展显著加速。针对含层间离缝的CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道的水力特性问题,建立列车荷载与水耦合作用下的CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道-离缝积水双向瞬态流固耦合计算模型,揭示无砟轨道层间离缝内动水压力和水流速度的分布及其峰值的变化规律,并分析列车轴重、行车速度、离缝形态及积水深度对动水压力和水流速度的影响。研究结果表明:随着列车的趋近与远离,层间离缝内固定点处的动水压力与水流速度呈周期性的正负交替变化;动水压力沿着离缝出口方向逐渐减小,其峰值发生在离缝尖端处,而水流速度沿着离缝出口方向逐渐增大,其峰值发生在离缝出口处;动水压力与水流速度峰值随列车轴重增加而线性增大,轴重每增加1 t,动水压力和水流速度峰值分别增加2.850 kPa、0.085 m/s;动水压力峰值与车速呈二次方增大关系,而在车速小于300 km/h时水流速度峰值与车速基本上呈线性关系,超过该车速后流速增长趋势较之前更大;动水压力、水流速度峰值与离缝开口量呈反比关系;动水压力与水流速度峰值都随着离缝深度和离缝积水深度增加而显著增大,且两者都与离缝深度呈3次多项式增大关系,与离缝积水深度呈2次方增大关系。研究结果可为CRTS Ⅲ型板式无砟轨道在列车荷载与水耦合作用下的层间离缝扩展分析以及养护维修工作提供依据和参考。