Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote...Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.展开更多
Universities are challenged to play a leadership role in addressing unsustainable practices that are exacerbating global warming. Basically, many assessment tools have been suggested for measuring emission scenarios a...Universities are challenged to play a leadership role in addressing unsustainable practices that are exacerbating global warming. Basically, many assessment tools have been suggested for measuring emission scenarios and achieve sustainability within university campuses. However, majority of the existing tools consider greenhouse gas emissions outside the campuses upon which universities have no control. This study identifies energy as a major driving force for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission and a universal variable for the assessment of CO2 emission in university campus. It proposed the Malaysia University Carbon Emission Tool (MUCET) to estimate Carbon Dioxide from the sources of energy use within the campus and assess the CO2 emission scenario within Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The result was compared to that of similar carbon emission inventory initiated by the UTM in 2009, a total emission of 46,000 Mt CO2 was observed in 2011 using MUCET compared to 82,578 Mt CO2 given as the total CO2 emission value for the campus in 2009. Also MUCET presented 74% CO2 emission for electricity and 26% in the transportation sector in variance to 78% and 20% offered for electricity and transport respectively in 2009 using the contemporary method of assessment. The difference in values was attributed to the contribution of the indirect and off-site emissions (i.e. Scope 3 emissions) from external sources. The study showed that MUCET presents a more realistic emission value and would promote sustainability on the campus.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(E2018009)Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project(SJGY20170111)Great Northern Agricultural Scholar Program(SBJY 17024)。
文摘Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.
文摘Universities are challenged to play a leadership role in addressing unsustainable practices that are exacerbating global warming. Basically, many assessment tools have been suggested for measuring emission scenarios and achieve sustainability within university campuses. However, majority of the existing tools consider greenhouse gas emissions outside the campuses upon which universities have no control. This study identifies energy as a major driving force for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission and a universal variable for the assessment of CO2 emission in university campus. It proposed the Malaysia University Carbon Emission Tool (MUCET) to estimate Carbon Dioxide from the sources of energy use within the campus and assess the CO2 emission scenario within Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The result was compared to that of similar carbon emission inventory initiated by the UTM in 2009, a total emission of 46,000 Mt CO2 was observed in 2011 using MUCET compared to 82,578 Mt CO2 given as the total CO2 emission value for the campus in 2009. Also MUCET presented 74% CO2 emission for electricity and 26% in the transportation sector in variance to 78% and 20% offered for electricity and transport respectively in 2009 using the contemporary method of assessment. The difference in values was attributed to the contribution of the indirect and off-site emissions (i.e. Scope 3 emissions) from external sources. The study showed that MUCET presents a more realistic emission value and would promote sustainability on the campus.
