Anomalous energy diffusion and heat conduction in one-dimensional system

We propose a new concept, the centre of energy, to study energy diffusion and heat conduction in a one-dimensional hard-point model. For the diatom model, we find an anomalous energy diffusion as （x2） - tβ with β = 1.33, which is independent of initial condition and mass rate. The present model can be viewed as the model composed by independent quasi-particles, the centre of energy. In this way, heat current can be calculated. Based on the theory of dynamic billiard, the divergent exponent of heat conductivity is estimated to be α = 0.33, which is confirmed by a simple numerical calculation.

LOCAL ONE-DIMENSIONAL ASE-I SCHEME FOR 2D DIFFUSION EQUATION

A local alternating segment explicit - implicit method for the solution of 2D diffusion equations is presented in this paper .The method is unconditionally stable and has the obvious property of parallelism. Some numerical experiments show the method is not only simple but also more accurate.

Finite volume element method for analysis of unsteady reaction-diffusion problems

A finite volume element method is developed for analyzing unsteady scalar reaction-diffusion problems in two dimensions. The method combines the concepts that are employed in the finite volume and the finite element method together. The finite volume method is used to discretize the unsteady reaction-diffusion equation, while the finite element method is applied to estimate the gradient quantities at cell faces. Robustness and efficiency of the combined method have been evaluated on uniform rectangular grids by using available numerical solutions of the two-dimensional reaction-diffusion problems. The numerical solutions demonstrate that the combined method is stable and can provide accurate solution without spurious oscillation along the high-gradient boundary layers.

HARTEN SOLUTION FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY EQUATION

In order to use the second-order 5-point difference scheme mentioned to compute the solution of one dimension unsteady equations of the direct reflection of the strong plane detonation wave meeting a solid wall barrier,in this paper,we technically construct the difference schemes of the boundary and sub-boundary of the problem,and deduce the auto-analogue analytic solutions of the initial value problem,and at the same time,we present a method for the singular property of the initial value problem,from which we can get a satisfactory computation result of this difficult problem.The difference scheme used in this paper to deal with the discontinuity problems of the shock wave are valuable and worth generalization.

Controlled synthesis of one-dimensional Au-Ag porous nanostructures

The fabrication of a new type of one-dimensional Au-Ag porous nanotube（NPT） structure was presented based on a facile combination of nanocrystal growth and surface modification.Ag nanowires with various diameters were firstly served as the chemical plating templates via a polyol-process.Then,one-dimensional（1D） Au-Ag porous nanostructures with tailored structural features could be prepared by controlling the individual steps involved in this process,such as nanowire growth,surface modification,thermal diffusion,and dealloying.Structural characterizations reveal these Au-Ag porous nanotubes,non-porous nanotubes and porous nanowires possess novel nano-architectures with multimodal open porosity and excellent structural continuity and integrity,which make them particularly desirable as novel 1D nanocarriers for biomedical,drug delivery and sensing applications.

A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus

It is essential to learn the temporal and spatial concentration distributions and variations of seeding agents in cloud seeding of precipitation enhancement. A three-dimensional puff trajectory model incorporating a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model has been formulated, and is applied to simulating the transporting and diffusive characteristics of multiple line sources of seeding agents within super-cooled stratus. Several important factors are taken into consideration that affect the diffusion of seeding materials such as effects of topography and vertical wind shear, temporal and spatial variation of seeding parameters and wet deposition. The particles of seeding agents are assumed to be almost inert, they have no interaction with the particles of the cloud or precipitation except that they are washed out by precipitation. The model validity is demonstrated by the analyses and comparisons of model results, and checked by the sensitivity experiments of diffusive coefficients and atmospheric stratification. The advantage of this model includes not only its exact reflection of heterogeneity and unsteadiness of background fields, but also its good simulation of transport and diffusion of multiple line sources. The horizontal diffusion rate and the horizontal transport distance have been proposed that they usually were difficult to obtain in other models. In this simulation the horizontal diffusion rate is 0.82 m s(-1) for average of one hour, and the horizontal average transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 4 which are closely related to the background Fields.

Estimation of vertical diffusion coefficient based on a onedimensional temperature diffusion equation with an inverse method

Diapycnal mixing is important in oceanic circulation. An inverse method in which a semi-explicit scheme is applied to discretize the one-dimensional temperature diffusion equation is established to estimate the vertical temperature diffusion coefficient based on the observed temperature profiles. The sensitivity of the inverse model in the idealized and actual conditions is tested in detail. It can be found that this inverse model has high feasibility under multiple situations ensuring the stability of the inverse model, and can be considered as an efficient way to estimate the temperature diffusion coefficient in the weak current regions of the ocean. Here, the hydrographic profiles from Argo floats are used to estimate the temporal and spatial distribution of the vertical mixing in the north central Pacific based on this inverse method. It is further found that the vertical mixing in the upper ocean displays a distinct seasonal variation with the amplitude decreasing with depth, and the vertical mixing over rough topography is stronger than that over smooth topography It is suggested that the high-resolution profiles from Argo floats and a more reasonable design of the inverse scheme will serve to understand mixing processes.

Diffusion of nucleotide excision repair protein XPA along DNA by coarse-grained molecular simulations

Protein XPA plays critical roles in nucleotide excision repair pathway.Recent experimental work showed that the functional dynamics of XPA involves the one-dimensional diffusion along DNA to search the damage site.Here,we investigate the involved dynamical process using extensive coarse-grained molecular simulations at various salt concentrations.The results demonstrated strong salt concentration dependence of the diffusion mechanisms.At low salt concentrations,the one-dimensional diffusion with rotational coupling is the dominant mechanism.At high salt concentrations,the diffusion by three-dimensional mechanism becomes more probable.At wide range of salt concentrations,the residues involved in the DNA binding are similar and the one-dimensional diffusion of XPA along DNA displays sub-diffusive feature.This sub-diffusive feature is tentatively attributed to diverse strengths of XPA-DNA interactions.In addition,we showed that both binding to DNA and increasing salt concentration tend to stretch the conformation of the XPA,which increases the exposure extent of the sites for the binding of other repair proteins.

基于非稳态扩散的复合煤体能量失稳致灾研究

在我国由于地质构造作用的影响,导致煤层中多存在原生结构煤和构造煤分层的现象;而构造煤的存在导致复合煤层突出危险性急剧增加,这严重制约我国煤矿安全生产。根据软硬复合煤体瓦斯的扩散状态,模拟分析了非稳态扩散复合煤体的力学失稳规律;建立了非稳态扩散的吸附瓦斯膨胀能计算模型,探讨了稳态扩散和非稳态扩散对于吸附瓦斯膨胀能的影响,从能量角度分析了吸附瓦斯膨胀能对突出的控制作用,阐释了非稳态扩散复合煤体的突出失稳致灾机制。结果表明:复合煤层中构造煤的存在能够增加其邻近原生结构煤的塑性破坏程度,提高了原生结构煤塑性区内的瓦斯运移速度,进而增加煤与瓦斯突出危险性;非稳态扩散条件下原生结构煤和构造煤的吸附瓦斯膨胀能是稳态扩散条件的0.50~0.57倍和3.36~3.38倍,复合煤层中由于构造煤的存在导致原生结构煤内部裂隙-基质系统间产生巨大的瓦斯浓度差,使得原生结构煤基质内部的吸附瓦斯迅速解吸,增加邻近原生煤中吸附瓦斯膨胀能,进而使得复合煤层的突出危险性显著增加。

Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of performances.Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)dispersion.The outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy simulations.Special attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the cleanroom.Forming a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

径向式导叶多级泵非定常压力脉动特性分析

为研究不同流量工况下径向式导叶多级泵内非定常压力脉动特性,文中以MD500-57×3型径向式导叶多级泵为研究对象,选取0.5Q,1.0Q和1.2Q这3种流量工况,运用ANSYS Fluent软件对研究对象的流体计算域进行了数值计算,通过数值计算结果与试验结果的对比分析,验证了数值方法和模拟结果的正确性与准确性,进而分析了各级叶轮进出口与各级导叶内的非定常压力脉动特性。结果表明:径向式导叶多级泵各级叶轮进口处流体压力脉动的主频以叶轮的叶频为主,主要受到本级叶轮的旋转作用影响;各级叶轮出口处压力脉动受到来流和本级叶轮旋转的共同作用,存在若干个以轴频的多倍频为频率的高频信号,且泵内流场的稳定程度影响着压力脉动源的传播与扩散;各级导叶进口处流体受本级叶轮旋转作用最为强烈,而沿着导叶流道方向的流体压力逐渐趋于平稳,但随泵级数的增加,导叶内流体压力在本级叶轮与其他级叶轮旋转作用的共同诱导下产生高频成分。

Comparisons between numerical calculations and measurements in vaned diffuser of SHF impeller

The paper presents analysis of the performance and the internal flow behaviour in the vaned diffuser of a radial flow pump using PIV(particle image velocimetry)and pressure probe traverses.PIV measurements have already been performed at middle height inside one diffuser channel passage for a given speed of rotation and various mass flow rates.These results have been already presented in several previous communications.New experiments have been performed using a three-hole pressure probe traverses from hub to shroud diffuser width at different radial locations between the two diffuser geometrical throats.Numerical simulations are also realized with the commercial codes Star CCM+7.02.011 and CFX.Frozen rotor and fully unsteady calculations of the whole pump have been performed.Comparisons between numerical results,previous experimental PIV results and new probe traverses one's are presented and discussed for one mass flow rate.In this respect,a first attempt to take into account fluid leakages between the rotating and fixed part of the pump has been checked since it may affects the real flow structure inside the diffuser.

Experimental Investigation of Performance of the Wind Turbine with the Flanged-Diffuser Shroud in Sinusoidally Oscillating and Fluctuating Velocity Flows

The wind turbine with a flanged-diffuser shroud—so called “wind-lens turbine”—is developed as one of high performance wind turbines by Ohya et al. In this paper, the wind turbine performance is investigated for both steady and unsteady winds. The compact-type wind lens turbine shows higher efficiency than the only rotor wind turbine. Also, the flow structure around the compact-type wind turbine is made clear by CFD and PIV in steady wind. Furthermore, the performances of the only rotor and the compact-type wind-lens turbines for unsteady wind are experimentally and numerically investigated. Experimental and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the dependence of frequency of the harmonic oscillating velocity wind on power coefficient. Consequently, the compact-type wind-lens turbine show better performance than the only rotor one in sinusoidally oscillating velocity wind. Furthermore, the numerical estimation can predict the power coefficient in the oscillating flows to an accuracy of 94% to 102%. In addition, the dependence of the turbine performance on turbulent intensity and vortex scale of natural fluctuating wind is presented.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE UNSTEADY INTERACTION FLOW IN A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR STAGE

Numerical simulation on the unsteady flow in a centrifugal compressor isperformed, and compared with the experimental data. The influence of the impeller-diffuserinteraction on the flow-fields is discussed, and the reasons for the losses are also explored.Results show that qualitative and quite fair quantitative agreements are achieved between thepredicted and measured flowfields. The influence of the impeller wake on the convexity surface ofdiffuser is great. The potential repercussion of the diffuser on the suction surface of the impelleris much larger than on the pressure surface. Effect of the unsteady interaction is strongest in theradial gap. The unsteady flow itself may compensate for the loss generated in stage, and the stageefficiency is inversely proportional to the entropy production.

Domain of attraction of quasi-stationary distribution for one-dimensional diffusions

We study quasi-stationarity for one-dimensional diffusions killed at 0, when 0 is a regular boundary and ＋∞ is an entrance boundary. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of exactly one quasistationary distribution, and we also show that this distribution attracts all initial distributions.

三种泥沙扩散系数模型对双吸离心泵内固液两相流流场计算的影响

作为模拟双吸离心泵内固液两相流的一种常用方法,欧拉-欧拉法中的泥沙扩散系数常通过多种模型进行计算。为选择适宜的泥沙扩散系数模型进而提高固液两相流数值计算的精度,该研究采用3种常见泥沙扩散系数模型Non-diffusion coefficient model(NON-DC);Diffusion-in-volume of fluid model(Diffusion-in-VOF);Diffusion coefficient affected by particle diameter and particle concentration model(DC-PDPC),在25、100和200μm 3种含沙粒径和不同流量(0.6和1.0倍额定流量)条件下,对双吸离心泵内固液两相流场进行数值模拟,分析其对泵内固相浓度和固相速度的定常和非定常结果的影响。结果表明:1)当颗粒粒径不大于100μm时,3种模型计算得到的双吸离心泵内固液两相流的固相浓度和速度定常结果基本相同;当颗粒粒径大于100μm时,定常结果有所差异,随着颗粒粒径的增大,差异逐渐增大,差别最大可达60%。2)在不同颗粒粒径的条件下,采用3种模型得到的固液两相流场的固相浓度和速度非定常结果差异较大,且随着颗粒粒径的增大,差异逐渐增大,差别最大可达30%。含沙颗粒粒径不大于100μm时,3种模型得到的定常结果基本相同;而大于100μm时,定常结果差异较大;同样地,在不同含沙粒径条件下的非定常计算结果也差异较大,需要选择合适的泥沙扩散系数模型。3)定常计算时,当颗粒粒径不大于100μm时,推荐NON-DC模型;随着颗粒粒径的增大,推荐使用DC-PDPC模型;当非定常计算时,推荐使用DC-PDPC模型。研究为准确地进行离心泵内固液两相流数值计算提供参考。

非稳态二维扩散方程的高次有限元-黄金比例有限差分格式求解

针对非稳态二维对流扩散反应方程的数值求解,提出一种高次有限元与黄金比例有限差分相结合的全离散化格式.首先,采用高次有限元构造模型方程的空间尺度;其次,建立时间尺度的θ-隐格式代数系统,并选取θ=0.618的黄金分割比例优化计算精度;最后,通过数值计算验证了新格式对于时空间非稳态问题具有高阶稳定的精确收敛结果.

A HIGH-ORDER FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR UNSTEADY CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS WITH SOURCE TERM

The convection and diffusion are the basic processes in fluid flow and heat& mass transfer. The upwind and evolution functions for the convection term are introduced to give a comprehensive transformation to one-dimensional unsteady convection-diffusion equation involving source term. The corresponding compact fourth-order finite difference methed is developed. With the trans formation, the authors overcome the difficultyin dealing with the convection term, and the high-order expression for the convection-diffusion term can be conveniently obtained. The proposed difference scheme with thefourth-order accuracy and unconditional stability can fully reflect the upwind and evolutioneffects of the convection. The calculated results show that the errors of the referencescheme are 600 or 6000 times those of the proposed scheme for the same computationalgrid. With the one time decrease of the space grid, the errors of the proposed scheme andthe reference scheme reduce about 20 times and 2 times respectively. It is evident that theaccuracy of the proposed scheme is remarkably higher than that of the reference scheme.

用热线风速仪测量叶轮后叶片扩压器流场

叶片扩压器对离心压缩机的总体性能影响很大,为了研究叶轮后叶片扩压器内复杂的非定常流动,本文对一大尺度离心压缩机级的叶片扩压器流场进行了实验测量。实验对Dantec的热线探针支架进行了改进,采用了固定热线、相位锁定-系综平均技术,对采集到的热线信号进行了有效地分解,提出了非定常强度的概念来定量考察离心叶轮对叶片扩压器流场的影响。

级环境下叶片扩压器流场的实验与数值研究

为了研究离心压缩机级环境下的非定常干扰的基本流动现象，并验证多级叶轮机械的 CFD 软件的分析能力，对一大尺度离心压缩机的叶片扩压器流场进行了实验测量和数值计算．实验采用了固定热线、相位锁定——系综平均技术，用常温热线风速仪对叶轮后的叶片扩压器通道内不同周向、径向和轴向位置处的非定常速度进行了测量，同时提出了非定常强度的概念，以定量考核非定常的影响．实验结果表明，叶片扩压器内的非定常流动非常复杂，其时间周期并非叶轮叶片通过时间，随着与离心叶轮之间的距离增大，非定常扰动逐渐减弱，但一直延续到叶片扩压器的出口．另外，对该实验压缩机级开展了两个不同的数值计算，并与实验数据进行了比较：定常数值计算软件采用了作者发展的确定应力模型，非定常数值计算是用商业软件 NUMECA 实现的，计算采用了滑移界面技术．两个计算结果与实验在扩压器的进口截面处吻合得很好．