A Dugdale-Barenblatt model for elliptical orifice problem with asymmetric cracks in one-dimensional orthorhombic quasicrystals

By means of Muskhelishvili’s method and the technique of generalized conformal mapping,the physical plane problems are transformed into regular mathematical problems in quasicrystals(QCs).The analytical solution to an elliptical orifice problem with asymmetric cracks in one-dimensional(1D)orthorhombic QCs is obtained.By using the Dugdale-Barenblatt model,the plastic simulation at the crack tip of the elliptical orifice with asymmetric cracks in 1D orthorhombic QCs is performed.Finally,the size of the atomic cohesive force zone is determined precisely,and the size of the atomic cohesive force zone around the crack tip of an elliptical orifice with a single crack or two symmetric cracks is obtained.

Composite wedge failure using photogrammetric measurements and DFN-DEM modelling

Analysis and prediction of structural instabilities in open pit mines are an important design and operational consideration for ensuring safety and productivity of the operation. Unstable wedges and blocks occurring at the surface of the pit walls may be identified through three-dimensional(3D) image analysis combined with the discrete fracture network(DFN) approach. Kinematic analysis based on polyhedral modelling can be used for first pass analysis but cannot capture composite failure mechanisms involving both structurally controlled and rock mass progressive failures. A methodology is proposed in this paper to overcome such limitations by coupling DFN models with geomechanical simulations based on the discrete element method(DEM). Further, high resolution photogrammetric data are used to identify valid model scenarios. An identified wedge failure that occurred in an Australian coal mine is used to validate the methodology. In this particular case, the failure surface was induced as a result of the rock mass progressive failure that developed from the toe of the structure inside the intact rock matrix. Analysis has been undertaken to determine in what scenarios the measured and predicted failure surfaces can be used to calibrate strength parameters in the model.

Development of extensional stresses in the compressional setting of the Himalayan thrust wedge: inference from numerical modelling

The estimation of contemporary tectonic stress field and deformation in active fold-and-thrust belts are imperative in identifying active geodynamics and resulting faulting phenomenon. In this paper, we focus on contemporary extensional tectonics in the overall compressive setting of the Himalayan orogen. Here we examine the regional tectonic stress field and upper crustal deformation in the Himalayan thrust wedge using a 2D finite element technique, incorporating elastic rheology under plain strain condition. The elastic models demonstrate that the extensional tectonic stress and related nor- mal faulting is extensively developed in the southern front of the Himalaya at shallow crustal level (<10 km in depth). Our modelling shows a good consistency with the geological field evidences of active faulting, focal mechanism solutions of medium size earthquakes in the several sectors of the Himalaya. Results based on numerical simulation, tectonic analysis and taking geological and geophysical data into account, we interpret that the present-day extensional tectonic activity is not restricted in the southern Tibet but distributed in the different sectors of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt co-exist with compressional structures. Modelling results also indicate that the nature, distribution and orientation of the maximum compressive stress (?1) of the Himalaya are mainly controlled by the intra crustal Main Himalayan décollement (MHT). The significant amount of shear stress/strain concentration along the MHT in the western Nepal predict that the region is prone to moderate and great future earthquakes.

A study on the numerical prediction method for the vertical thermal structure in the Bohai Sea and the Huanghai Sea-I.One-dimensional numerical prediction model

In this paper, on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects, one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature ( T1), bottom sea temperature ( Tt ) and the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer ( h ) is developed in terms of the dimensionless temperature θT and depth η and self-simulation function θT - f(η) of vertical temperature profile by means of historical temperature data.The results of trial prediction with our one-dimensional model on T, Th, h , the thickness and gradient of thermocline are satisfactory to some extent.

The substorm current wedge and midnight sector partial ring current near substorm onset: A synthesis based on a magnetotail magnetic field geometry model

The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.

Reconstructing the upper ocean thermal profiles using one-dimensional numerical model

The observation data for 5 d at a station in the South China Sea is presented. After brief anMysis of the wind speed, air temperature from the ship-borne meteorological instruments and temperature and salinity profiles from the CTD （conductivity, temperature, depth recorder） data, the authors find that the CTD casts are too sparse for us to understand the diurnal evolution of the thermal structure in the upper ocean. A one-dimensional （1D） numericM code based on Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure model is used to reconstruct the upper ocean thermal structure, utilizing the atmospheric forcing data from ship-borne weather station. The simulation results show good agreement with the observational data; the significance of breaking waves is also briefly discussed. The evolution of turbulence kinetic energy （TKE） and the contribution from shear production and buoy- ancy production are discussed respectively. Finally, several possible factors which might influence the numerical results are briefly analyzed.

Research on the Application of the Radiative Transfer Model Based on Deep Neural Network in One-dimensional Variational Algorithm

As a typical physical retrieval algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters,one-dimensional variational(1 DVAR)algorithm is widely used in various climate and meteorological communities and enjoys an important position in the field of microwave remote sensing.Among algorithm parameters affecting the performance of the 1 DVAR algorithm,the accuracy of the microwave radiative transfer model for calculating the simulated brightness temperature is the fundamental constraint on the retrieval accuracies of the 1 DVAR algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters.In this study,a deep neural network(DNN)is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between atmospheric parameters and satellite-based microwave radiometer observations,and a DNN-based radiative transfer model is developed and applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm to carry out retrieval experiments of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles.The retrieval results of the temperature and humidity profiles from the Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS)onboard the Feng-Yun-3(FY-3)satellite show that the DNN-based radiative transfer model can obtain higher accuracy for simulating MWHTS observations than that of the operational radiative transfer model RTTOV,and also enables the 1 DVAR algorithm to obtain higher retrieval accuracies of the temperature and humidity profiles.In this study,the DNN-based radiative transfer model applied to the 1 DVAR algorithm can fundamentally improve the retrieval accuracies of atmospheric parameters,which may provide important reference for various applied studies in atmospheric sciences.

Simulation of the Influence of Ion-Produced NO_X and HO_X Radicals on the Antarctic Ozone Depletion with a One-Dimensional Model

A one -dimensional time-dependent photochemical model is used to simulate the influence of ion-produced NOx and HOx radicals on the Antarctic ozone depletion in polar night and polar spring at a latitude of 73 degrees south.Vertical transport and nitrogen-oxygen (NOx). hydrogen-oxygen (HOx) production by ionic reactions have been introduced into the model.NOx and HOx produced by precipitating ions are transported into the lower stratosphere by vertical motion and have some effects in the development of the Antarctic ozone depletion.From winter through spring the calculated ozone column decreases to 269.4 DU. However, this value is significantly higher than the total ozone observed at several Antarctic ozone stations.

Entanglement in the Quantum Phase Transition of the Half-Integer Spin One-Dimensional Heisenberg Model

We use the Bethe’s ansatz method to study the entanglement of spinons in the quantum phase transition of half integer spin one-dimensional magnetic chains known as quantum wires. We calculate the entanglement in the limit of the number of particles . We obtain an abrupt change in the entanglement next the quantum phase transition point of the anisotropy parameter ?from the gapped phase ?to gapless phase .

Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling Schemes in a One-Dimensional Climate Model

In this paper, the coupling schemes of atmosphere-ocean climate models are discussed with one-dimensional advection equations. The convergence and stability for synchronous and asynchronous schemes are demonstrated and compared.Conclusions inferred from the analysis are given below. The synchronous scheme as well as the asynchronous-implicit scheme in this model are stable for arbitrary integrating time intervals. The asynchronous explicit scheme is unstable under certain conditions, which depend upon advection velocities and heat exchange parameters in the atmosphere and oceans. With both synchronous and asynchronous stable schemes the discrete solutions converge to their unique exact ones. Advections in the atmosphere and ocean accelerate the rate of convergence of the asynchronous-implicit scheme. It is suggusted that the asynchronous-implicit coupling scheme is a stable and efficient method for most climatic simulations.

A SOLVABLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL ALLOCATION DECISION MODEL OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES

In the paper, the determinate atlecation decision model and the probabilistic allocation decision model of a kind of renewable resource are separatly studied by means of dynamic programming, and the optimal allocation policy is given under some special conditions.

Effect of a two-phase wedge-sliding model on the ingredient drift of a stable mixed fluid and its computing method

A two-phase wedge-sliding model is developed based on the micro-cellular structure and minimum entropy theory of a stable system, and it is used to describe the ingredient distribution of a mixed fluid in a non-uniform stress field and to analyse its phase drift phenomenon. In the model, the drift-inhibition angle and the expansion-inhibition angle are also deduced and used as evaluating indexes to describe the drifting trend of different ingredients among the mixed fluids. For solving above two indexes of the model, a new calculation method is developed and used to compute the phase distributions of multiphase fluid at peak stress and gradient area stress, respectively. As an example, the flow process of grease in a pipe is analysed by simulation method and used to verify the validity of the model.

One-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiment for determining permeability coefficient of loamy sand

A knowledge of soil permeability is essential to evaluate hydrologic characteristics of soil, such as water storage and water movement, and soil permeability coefficient is an important parameter that reflects soil permeability. In order to confirm the acceptability of the one-dimensional horizontal infiltration method（one-D method） for simultaneously determining both the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand, we first measured the cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance under various infiltration heads through a series of one-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiments, and then analyzed the relationships of the cumulative horizontal infiltration with the wetting front distance and the square root of infiltration time. We finally compared the permeability results from Gardner model based on the one-D method with the results from other two commonly-used methods（i.e., constant head method and van Genuchten model） to evaluate the acceptability and applicability of the one-D method. The results showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the wetting front distance, suggesting that it is more appropriate to take the soil moisture content after infiltration in the entire wetted zone as the average soil moisture content than as the saturated soil moisture content. The results also showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the square root of infiltration time, suggesting that the Philip infiltration formula can better reflect the characteristics of cumulative horizontal infiltration under different infiltration heads. The following two facts indicate that it is feasible to use the one-D method for simultaneously determining the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand. First, the saturated permeability coefficient（prescribed in the Gardner model） of loamy sand obtained from the one-D method well agreed with the value obtained from the constant head method. Second, the relationship of unsaturated permeability coefficient with soil water suction for loamy sand calculated using Gardner model based on the one-D method was nearly identical with the same relationship calculated using van Genuchten model.

Anomalous energy diffusion and heat conduction in one-dimensional system

We propose a new concept, the centre of energy, to study energy diffusion and heat conduction in a one-dimensional hard-point model. For the diatom model, we find an anomalous energy diffusion as （x2） - tβ with β = 1.33, which is independent of initial condition and mass rate. The present model can be viewed as the model composed by independent quasi-particles, the centre of energy. In this way, heat current can be calculated. Based on the theory of dynamic billiard, the divergent exponent of heat conductivity is estimated to be α = 0.33, which is confirmed by a simple numerical calculation.

Wedge template optimization and parallelization of depth map in intra-frame prediction algorithms

To reduce the computational complexity and storage cost caused by wedge segmentation algorithm,a scheme of simplifying wedge matching is proposed.It takes advantage of the correlation of the wedge separation line of depth map and the direction of intra-prediction for 3D high-efficiency video coding(3D-HEVC).According to the difference of wedge segmentation between adjacent edge and opposite edge,a set only including 104×4 wedgelet templates is given.By expanding of the wedge wave of a certain minimum unit,a simple separation line acquisition method for different size of depth block is put forward.Furthermore,based on the array processor(DPR-CODEC)developed by project team,an efficient parallel scheme of the improved wedge segmentation mode prediction is introduced.By the scheme,prediction unit(PU)size can be changed randomly from 4×4 to 8×8,16×16,and 32×32,which is more in line with the needs of the HEVC standard.Veri-fied with test sequence in HTM16.1 and the Xilinx virtex-6 field programmable gate array(FPGA)respectively,the experiment results show that the proposed methods save 99.2%of the storage space and 63.94%of the encoding time,the serial/parallel acceleration ratio of each template reaches 1.84 in average.The coding performance,storage and resource consumption are considered for both.

Experimental and Numerical Procedures of a Sonar Platform with a Sound Absorption Wedge

Experiments involving a sonar platform with a sound absorption wedge were carried out for the purpose of obtaining the low frequency acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics of a sonar platform model with a sound absorption wedge were measured, and the effects of different wedge laid areas on platform acoustic characteristic were tested. Vibration acceleration and self-noise caused by model vibration were measured in four conditions: 0%, 36%, 60%, and 100% of wedge laid area when the sonar platform was under a single frequency excitation force. An experiment was performed to validate a corresponding numerical calculation. The numerical vibration characteristics of platform area were calculated by the finite element method, and self-noise caused by the vibration in it was predicted by an experiential formula. The conclusions prove that the numerical calculation method can partially replace the experimental process for obtaining vibration and sound characteristics.

基于连续损伤力学的楔横轧芯部损伤建模及预测

楔横轧因存在芯部损伤累积行为而容易形成芯部疏松缺陷,准确预测芯部损伤形成条件对楔横轧轴类件高性能制造具有重要意义。开展了不同条件下的热拉伸试验,得到了影响材料损伤的主要因素;基于连续损伤力学,提出了耦合温度、应变速率和应力三轴度的损伤本构模型;开展了不同断面收缩率的楔横轧试验,标定了损伤本构模型的材料断裂阈值,并验证了损伤模型的预测精度;利用该模型预测了断面收缩率、展宽角、成形角对芯部损伤的影响规律,为参数选择提供参考。研究结果表明:温度、应变速率及应力三轴度都显著影响材料损伤行为,所建立的耦合损伤本构模型能较好地预测楔横轧芯部的损伤演化过程;楔横轧芯部损伤与成形角成反比,与展宽角和断面收缩率成正比,各参数影响程度由小到大依次为断面收缩率、展宽角、成形角。

考虑刀土摩擦的砂土盾构隧道开挖面支护压力计算方法

确定盾构隧道开挖面极限支护压力是隧道工程中的核心问题之一。现有研究一般忽略盾构刀盘与主动极限状态时开挖面前方失稳土体间的摩擦效应,导致计算结果偏保守。为了解决此问题,首先,基于梯形楔形体模型,考虑盾构开挖掌子面与前方被切削土体之间的竖向摩擦力、楔形体与上方土柱之间因相对错动引起的横向摩擦力以及隧道埋深对极限支护压力的影响,推导了砂土地层盾构开挖面的极限支护压力计算公式;其次,通过与其他理论方法及试验结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的合理性;最后,讨论了刀土摩擦力在不同工况下对盾构开挖面极限支护压力的影响规律。研究结果表明:在其他参数不变时,开挖面极限支护压力随着刀土外摩擦角增大而逐渐减小,与刀土外摩擦角近似呈线性关系;刀盘土体间摩擦力对维持盾构开挖面稳定具有有利影响,对开挖面极限支护压力的影响不可忽略;适当增大刀盘与前方土体间的外摩擦角可有效增加开挖面的极限稳定性;刀土摩擦力对浅埋情况的盾构隧道开挖面极限支护压力的影响要明显比深埋情况的影响大,在选择盾构掘进刀具时应重点考虑埋深的影响。

Analysis of piezoelectric semiconductor fibers under gradient temperature changes

Piezoelectric semiconductors(PSs)possess both semiconducting properties and piezoelectric coupling effects,making them optimal building blocks for semiconductor devices.PS fiber-like structures have wide applications in multi-functional semiconductor devices.In this paper,a one-dimensional(1D)theoretical model is established to describe the piezotronic responses of a PS fiber under gradient temperature changes.The theoretical model aims to explain the mechanism behind the resistance change caused by such gradient temperature changes.Numerical results demonstrate that a gradient temperature change significantly affects the physical fields within the PS fiber,and can induce changes in its surface resistance.It provides important theoretical guidance on the development of piezotronic devices that are sensitive to temperature effects.