Thermodynamics in a quantum corrected Reissner-Nordstr?m-AdS black hole and its GUP-corrections

We calculate the thermodynamic quantities in the quantum corrected Reissner-Nordstr?m-AdS(RN-AdS)black hole,and examine their quantum corrections.By analyzing the mass and heat capacity,we give the critical state and the remnant state,respectively,and discuss their consistency.Then,we investigate the quantum tunneling from the event horizon of massless scalar particle by using the null geodesic method,and charged massive boson W^(±)and fermions by using the Hamilton-Jacob method.It is shown that the same Hawking temperature can be obtained from these tunneling processes of different particles and methods.Next,by using the generalized uncertainty principle(GUP),we study the quantum corrections to the tunneling and the temperature.Then the logarithmic correction to the black hole entropy is obtained.

Corrections of shipboard GPS radiosonde soundings and applications on historical records in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea

Shipboard radiosonde soundings are important for detecting and quantifying the multiscale variability of atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with mass exchanges.This study evaluated the accuracies of shipboard Global Positioning System(GPS)soundings in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea through a simultaneous balloon-borne inter-comparison of different radiosonde types.Our results indicate that the temperature and relative humidity(RH)measurements of GPS-TanKong(GPS-TK)radiosonde(used at most stations before 2012)have larger biases than those of ChangFeng-06-A(CF-06-A)radiosonde(widely used in current observation)when compared to reference data from Vaisala RS92-SGP radiosonde,with a warm bias of 5℃and dry bias of 10%during daytimes,and a cooling bias of-0.8℃and a moist bias of 6%during nighttime.These systematic biases are primarily attributed to the radiation effects and altitude deviation.An empirical correction algorithm was developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature and RH profiles.The corrected profiles agree well with that of RS92-SGP,except for uncertainties of CF-06-A in the stratosphere.These correction algorithms were applied to the GPS-TK historical sounding records,reducing biases in the corrected temperature and RH profiles when compared to radio occultation data.The correction of GPS-TK historical records illustrated an improvement in capturing the marine atmospheric structure,with more accurate atmospheric boundary layer height,convective available potential energy,and convective inhibition in the tropical ocean.This study contributes significantly to improving the quality of GPS radiosonde soundings and promotes the sharing of observation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea.

Conformal optical design with combination of static and dynamic aberration corrections

Conformal domes that are shaped to meet aerodynamic requirements can increase range and speed for the host platform. Because these domes typically deviate greatly from spherical surface descriptions, a variety of aberrations are induced which vary with the field-of-regard （FOR） angle. A system for correcting optical aberrations created by a conformal dome has an outer surface and an inner surface. Optimizing the inner surface is regard as static aberration correction. A deformable mirror is placed at the position of the secondary mirror in the two-mirror all reflective imaging system, which is the dynamic aberration correction. An ellipsoidal MgF2 conformal dome with a fineness ratio of 1.0 is designed as an example. The FOR angle is 0°-30°, and the design wavelength is 4μm. After the optimization at 7 zoom positions by using the design tools Code V, the root-mean-square （RMS） spot size is reduced to approximately 0.99 to 1.48 times the diffraction limit. The design results show that the performances of the conformal optical systems can be greatly improved by the combination of the static correction and the dynamic correction.

Eddy Covariance Tilt Corrections over a Coastal Mountain Area in South-east China:Significance for Near-Surface Turbulence Characteristics

Turbulence characteristics of an atmospheric surface layer over a coastal mountain area were investigated under different coordinate frames. Performances of three methods of coordinate rotation： double rotation （DR）, triple rotation （TR）, and classic planar-fit rotation （PF） were examined in terms of correction of eddy covariance flux. Using the commonly used DR and TR methods, unreasonable rotation angles are encountered at low wind speeds and cause significant run-to-run errors of some turbulence characteristics. The PF method rotates the coordinate system to an ensemble-averaged plane, and shows large tilt error due to an inaccurate fit plane over variable terrain slopes. In this paper, we propose another coordinate rotation scheme. The observational data were separated into two groups according to wind direction. The PF method was adapted to find an ensemble-averaged streamline plane for each group of hourly runs with wind speed exceeding 1.0 m s-1. Then, the coordinate systems were rotated to their respective best- fit planes for all available hourly observations. We call this the PF10 method. The implications of tilt corrections for the turbulence characteristics are discussed with a focus on integral turbulence characteristics, the spectra of wind-velocity components, and sensible heat and momentum fluxes under various atmospheric stabilities. Our results show that the adapted application of PF provides greatly improved estimates of integral turbulence characteristics in complex terrain and maintains data quality. The comparisons of the sensible heat fluxes for four coordinate rotation methods to fluxes before correction indicate that the PF10 scheme is the best to preserve consistency between fluxes.

Boundedness and convergence of perturbed corrections for helium-like ions in ground states

Applying the improved Rayleigh SchrSdinger perturbation theory based on an integral equation to helium-like ions in ground states and treating electron correlations as perturbations, we obtain the second-order corrections to wavefunctions consisting of a few terms and the third-order corrections to energicity. It is demonstrated that the corrected wavefunctions are bounded and quadratically integrable, and the corresponding perturbation series is convergent. The results clear off the previous distrust for the convergence in the quantum perturbation theory and show a reciprocal development on the quantum perturbation problem of the ground state helium-like systems.

Catalog of insect type specimens preserved at the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science with corrections of some specimens

This article presents a list of insect types preserved in Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology （KNHMZ）. As of March, 2015, 3412 type specimens belonging to 266 species/subspecies of 37 families in 9 orders （Odonata, Isoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera） are included. Information corrections of some specimens are provided in this article.

Quantum Corrections to the Entropy of a Barriola-Vilenkin Black Hole due to Spin Fields

The radial parts of the gravitational,electromagnetic,neutrino,and massless scalar fields in Barriola-Vilenkin spacetime are transformed to the form of the Teukolsky-type master equation.The first quantum corrections to the entropy of the black hole due to the spin fields are calculated by using the brick wall model.It is shown that the contribution of any one of the spin fields is quadratically divergent at the event horizon and is proportional to the surface area of the event horizon.

ON THE METHODS FOR FINDING ROOTS OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS WITH WEIERSTRASS' CORRECTIONS

This is a study of the Durand-Kerner and Nourein methods for finding the roots of a given algebraic equation simultaneously. We consider the conditions under which the iterative methods fail. The numerical example is presented.

Atmospheric Corrections Using MODTRAN for TOA and Surface BRDF Characteristics from High Resolution Spectroradiometric/ Angular Measurements from a Helicopter Platform

High-resolution spectral radiance measurements were taken by a spectral radiometer on board a heli- copter over the US Oklahoma Southern Great Plain near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) site during August 1998. The radiometer has a spectral range from 350 nm to 2500 nm at 1 nm resolution The measurements covered several grass and cropland scene types at multiple solar zenith angles. Detailed atmospheric corrections using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance (MODTRAN) radiation model and in-situ sounding and aerosol measurements have been applied to the helicopter measurements in order to re- trieve the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) characteristics. The atmospheric corrections are most significant in the visible wavelengths and in the strong water vapor absorption wavelengths in the near infrared region Adjusting the BRDF to TOA requires a larger correction in the visible channels since Rayleigh scattenng contributes significantly to the TOA reflectance. The opposite corrections to the visible and near infrarred wavelengths can alter the radiance dif- ference and ratio that many remote sensing techniques are based on, such as the normalixed difference vege- tation index (NDVI). The data show that surface BRDFs and spectral albedos are highly sensitive to the veg- etation type and soldr zenith angle while BRDF at TOA depends more on atmospheric conditions and the vi ewing geometry. Comparison with the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) derived clear sky Angular Distribution Model (ADM) for crop and grass scene type shows a standard deviation of 0.08 in broadband anisotropic function at 25°solar zenith angle and 0.15 at 50° solar zenith angle, respectively.

Evaluation of atmospheric corrections on hyperspectral data with special reference to mineral mapping

Hyperspectral images have wide applications in the fields of geology,mineral exploration,agriculture,forestry and environmental studies etc.due to their narrow band width with numerous channels.However,these images commonly suffer from atmospheric effects,thereby limiting their use.In such a situation,atmospheric correction becomes a necessary pre-requisite for any further processing and accurate interpretation of spectra of different surface materials/objects.In the present study,two very advance atmospheric approaches i.e.QUAC and FLAASH have been applied on the hyperspectral remote sensing imagery.The spectra of vegetation,man-made structure and different minerals from the Gadag area of Karnataka,were extracted from the raw image and also from the QUAC and FLAASH corrected images.These spectra were compared among themselves and also with the existing USGS and JHU spectral library.FLAASH is rigorous atmospheric algorithm and requires various parameters to perform but it has capability to compensate the effects of atmospheric absorption.These absorption curves in any spectra play an important role in identification of the compositions.Therefore,the presence of unwanted absorption features can lead to wrong interpretation and identification of mineral composition.FLAASH also has an advantage of spectral polishing which provides smooth spectral curves which helps in accurate identification of composition of minerals.Therefore,this study recommends that FLAASH is better than QUAC for atmospheric correction and correct interpretation and identification of composition of any object or minerals.

The ellipsoidal corrections for boundary value problems of deflection of the vertical with ellipsoid boundary

The boundary value problem of deflections of vertical with ellipsoid boundary is studied in the paper. Based on spherical harmonic series, the ellipsoidal corrections for the boundary value problem are derived so that it can be well solved. In addition, an imitation arithmetic is given for examining the accuracies of solutions for the boundary value problem as well as its spherical approximation problem, and the computational results illustrate that the boundary value problem has higher accuracy than its spherical approximation problem if deflection of the vertical are measured on geoid.

A variational successive corrections approach for the sea ice concentration analysis

The sea ice concentration observation from satellite remote sensing includes the spatial multi-scale information.However,traditional data assimilation methods cannot better extract the valuable information due to the complicated variability of the sea ice concentration in the marginal ice zone.A successive corrections analysis using variational optimization method,called spatial multi-scale recursive filter(SMRF),has been designed in this paper to extract multi-scale information resolved by sea ice observations.It is a combination of successive correction methods(SCM)and minimization algorithms,in which various observational scales,from longer to shorter wavelengths,can be extracted successively.As a variational objective analysis scheme,it gains the advantage over the conventional approaches that analyze all scales resolved by observations at one time,and also,the specification of parameters is more convenient.Results of single-observation experiment demonstrate that the SMRF scheme possesses a good ability in propagating observational signals.Further,it shows a superior performance in extracting multi-scale information in a two-dimensional sea ice concentration(SIC)experiment with the real observations from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager SIC(SSMI).

Supersymmetric Electroweak Corrections to the Decay of the Heavy Chargino into the Light Chargino and Z Boson

The supersymmetric electroweak corrections to the partial width of the decay x2+ → Z0x1-+, including thecontributions from the third generation quarks and squarks, are presented within the minimal supersymmetric standardmodel. With the reasonable parameters sets, which open this decay channel kinematically, the relative corrections canreach the value of ～ -6%. Therefore they should be taken into consideration for the precise experimental measurementat future colliders.

EVALUATION OF CORRECTIONS ON TURBULENT FLUXES OBTAINED BY EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD IN HIGH WINDS

This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s^(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s^(-1).

Nuclear Fusion Research and Development Need New Relativistic Mass and Energy Corrections Given by the Information Relativity Theory

Hundred years after the conjecture of the British astronomer Eddington that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, new physics theory may help make energy harvesting by nuclear fusion soon a reality. Researchers as well as investors funding fusion megaprojects are asked to deal with new relativistic corrections for mass and energy proposed by Suleiman in his Information Relativity Theory (IRT). These corrections were calculated in this contribution. It will help to decide whether a venture will be successful and to save big investments when in doubt. The assumed optimal kinetic energy for controlled nuclear fusion must be corrected to a somewhat higher level. At very high kinetic energy in the upper GeV range, it remains not enough baryonic mass to be transformed in energy. The fusion probability faded out to zero already at the golden limit of the recession speed of between target nucleon and projectile nucleon. Cold nuclear fusion, if ever possible, is recommended for protons rather than deuterons at highest experimental possible temperatures around 1000 (K) and needs fine-tuned kinetic nucleon energy. It would be also of interest whether a golden ratio based nuclear fuel confinement chamber could be beneficial. In this connection, also cold nuclear fusion setups should be discussed. Nature is governed by the golden ratio and criticality of physical systems influenced by it, and nuclear physics is not an exception. Computer simulations of the underlying controlled nuclear fusion processes should gain profit from IRT corrected starting information and may tackle anew possible low energy nuclear transmutations considering the wave-like dark components of matter and energy.

Quantum Corrections on Relativistic Mean Field Theory for Nuclear Matter

We propose a quantization procedure for the nucleon-scMar meson system, in which an arbitrary mean scalar meson field Ф is introduced. The equivalence of this procedure with the usual one is proven for any given value of qS. By use of this procedure, the scalar meson field in the Walecka＇s MFA and in Chin＇s RHA are quantized around the mean field, Its corrections on these theories are considered by perturbation up to the second order. The arbitrariness of Ф makes us free to fix it at any stage in the calculation. When we fix it in the way of Walecka＇s MFA, the quantum corrections are big, and the result does not converge. When we fix it in the way of Chin＇s RHA, the quantum correction is negligibly small, and the convergence is excellent. It shows that RHA covers the leading part of quantum field theory for nuclear systems and is an excellent zeroth order approximation for further quantum corrections, while the Walecka＇s MFA does not. We suggest to fix the parameter Ф at the end of the whole calculation by minimizing the total energy per-nucleon for the nuclear matter or the total energy for the finite nucleus, to make the quantized relativistic mean field theory （QRMFT） a variational method.

New Estimates for the Rate of Convergence of the Method of Subspace Corrections

We discuss estimates for the rate of convergence of the method of successive subspace corrections in terms of condition number estimate for the method of parallel subspace corrections.We provide upper bounds and in a special case,a lower bound for preconditioners defined via the method of successive subspace corrections.

Studies on National Preparatory Students' English Oral Errors and Corrections

This paper, based on the theory and teaching practice, presents a tentative analysis about English oral errors commonly made by university's national preparatory students. At first, I analyze the causes of oral errors, then review teachers' different attitude towards oral errors and finally propose some main principles and factors and possible strategies of oral error corrections.

GENERATION OF DIFFERENTIAL GPS CORRECTIONS ALONG WITH PERFORMANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL

The DGPS technique can provide considerably better relative positioning accuracy than the stand_alone GPS positioning,but the improvement depends on the distance between the user and the reference station (spatial correlation),the latency of differential corrections (temporal correlation),and the quality of differential corrections.Therefore,how to correctly generate differential corrections as well as their pricision is very important to the DGPS positioning technique.This paper presents a new algorithm for generating differential GPS corrections.This algorithm directly uses code and carrier observations in the measurement model of a Kalman filter,so that it is possible to use a simple stochastic model and to use the standard algorithm of the Kalman filter.The algorithm accounts for biases like multipath errors and instrumental delays in code observations and it shows how differential corrections are differently affected by code biases when dual or single frequency data is used.In addition,the algorithm can be integrated with a real time quality control procedure.As a result,the quality of differential corrections can be guaranteed with a certain probability.

Correction:Nanomaterial-Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications

Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in the last author’s name,it was mistakenly written as“Jun Den”.The correct author’s name“Jun Deng”has been updated in this Correction.