This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain...This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.展开更多
Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hamp...Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean energy.Understanding the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean fuels.This study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology options.Fifty-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process.The study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking technology.The most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking stoves.To ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking technology.The analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of technologies.This study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.展开更多
Effective emission control of cooking oil fumes(COFs),particularly for grease particles,has always been a cause of great concern for catering industry.The review and evaluation of combinations of purification technolo...Effective emission control of cooking oil fumes(COFs),particularly for grease particles,has always been a cause of great concern for catering industry.The review and evaluation of combinations of purification technology are urgently required.This work presents a literature review and combination strategy evaluation of purification technology of grease particles of commercial kitchens.A variety of mainstream purification technologies,such as mechanical separation(M),filtration(F),washing absorption(W)and electrostatic deposition(E)are discussed.In order to establish a complete and efficient fume purification system for commercial kitchen,this study proposes the four-point principles of combined purification technologies as:(1)from easy to difficult(for grease particle diameter);(2)fire prevention and noise reduction;(3)electrostatic deposition postposition;(4)Absorption and dissolution(by-product from electrostatic).Based on the above principles and separation characteristics,the recommended combinations of purification strategies are M-E,F-E,M-F-E and M-E-F.The combination strategy of M-F-E is adopted as an example to evaluate and optimize COFs purification system use life cycle assessment approach.The results indicate that the optimization of the M-F-E purification system using rotating mesh plate instead of baffle filter can reduce the environmental impact of global warming and eutrophication by about 35%which reduces the emissions of CO_(2)and SO_(2)from 92.533 kg and 0.110 kg to 60.214 kg and 0.072 kg,respectively.Besides the review of relevant purification technologies,the study also proposes the combination of principles of purification technologies and the evaluation and optimization of life cycle assessment for the optimal design of combined purification system.展开更多
文摘This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.
基金University Faculty and Scientist Research Stay Program and e-REET Project funded by German Academic Exchange Program(DAAD),Germany。
文摘Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean energy.Understanding the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean fuels.This study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology options.Fifty-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process.The study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking technology.The most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking stoves.To ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking technology.The analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of technologies.This study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0211500).
文摘Effective emission control of cooking oil fumes(COFs),particularly for grease particles,has always been a cause of great concern for catering industry.The review and evaluation of combinations of purification technology are urgently required.This work presents a literature review and combination strategy evaluation of purification technology of grease particles of commercial kitchens.A variety of mainstream purification technologies,such as mechanical separation(M),filtration(F),washing absorption(W)and electrostatic deposition(E)are discussed.In order to establish a complete and efficient fume purification system for commercial kitchen,this study proposes the four-point principles of combined purification technologies as:(1)from easy to difficult(for grease particle diameter);(2)fire prevention and noise reduction;(3)electrostatic deposition postposition;(4)Absorption and dissolution(by-product from electrostatic).Based on the above principles and separation characteristics,the recommended combinations of purification strategies are M-E,F-E,M-F-E and M-E-F.The combination strategy of M-F-E is adopted as an example to evaluate and optimize COFs purification system use life cycle assessment approach.The results indicate that the optimization of the M-F-E purification system using rotating mesh plate instead of baffle filter can reduce the environmental impact of global warming and eutrophication by about 35%which reduces the emissions of CO_(2)and SO_(2)from 92.533 kg and 0.110 kg to 60.214 kg and 0.072 kg,respectively.Besides the review of relevant purification technologies,the study also proposes the combination of principles of purification technologies and the evaluation and optimization of life cycle assessment for the optimal design of combined purification system.
