Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for the Vehicle Height and Leveling Adjustment System of an Electronic Air Suspension

The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.

Detecting and Adjusting Temporal Inhomogeneity in Chinese Mean Surface Air Temperature Data

Adopting the Easterling-Peterson (EP) techniques and considering the reality of Chinese meteorological observations, this paper designed several tests and tested for inhomogeneities in all Chinese historical surface air temperature series from 1951 to 2001. The result shows that the time series have been widely impacted by inhomogeneities resulting from the relocation of stations and changes in local environment such as urbanization or some other factors. Among these factors, station relocations caused the largest magnitude of abrupt changes in the time series, and other factors also resulted in inhomogeneities to some extent. According to the amplitude of change of the difference series and the monthly distribution features of surface air temperatures, discontinuities identified by applying both the E-P technique and supported by China's station history records, or by comparison with other approaches, have been adjusted. Based on the above processing, the most significant temporal inhomogeneities were eliminated, and China's most homogeneous surface air temperature series has thus been created. Results show that the inhomogeneity testing captured well the most important change of the stations, and the adjusted dataset is more reliable than ever. This suggests that the adjusted temperature dataset has great value of decreasing the uncertaities in the study of observed climate change in China.

A New Maximum Test via the Dependent Samples t-Test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test

A maximum test in lieu of forcing a choice between the two dependent samples t-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test is proposed. The maximum test, which requires a new table of critical values, maintains nominal α while guaranteeing the maximum power of the two constituent tests. Critical values, obtained via Monte Carlo methods, are uniformly smaller than the Bonferroni-Dunn adjustment, giving it power superiority when testing for treatment alternatives of shift in location parameter when data are sampled from non-normal distributions.

Sensitivity analysis of relevant parameters in complicated mine ventilation network by numerical test

Depending on the numerical test approach on a computer, the relationships among relevant parameters, eg branch number, node number, mesh number, computation accuracy, preliminary value of airflow rate, iteration number, computation time and convergence in a mine ventilation network analysis, were investigated based on 5 mine ventilation systems. The results show that a higher computation accuracy greatly influences the iteration number. When the accuracy reaches 10-6m3·s-1 for solving a complicated mine ventilation network, the running time is too long though a high-speed computer is used. The preliminary value of airflow rate in the range of 1100m3·s-1 has little effects the iteration number. The structure of network also has some effect on the iteration number.

Switching mechanism and optimisation research on a pressure-attitude adaptive adjusting coal seam water jet slotter

To investigate the attitude-switching mechanisms of existing jet slotters,which integrate drilling,punching and slotting operations,and to improve its fracture ability,we used the power bond diagram theory to analyse the dynamic flow pressure,and force of slotters.A mathematical model was developed for the dynamic characteristics of slotter systems.Furthermore,to study the effect of the main characteristic parameters on the ability of the nozzle to erode sandstone,multi-orthogonal experiments were carried out.And the optimised slots were applied in later practical operations.The research results show that the inlet fluid passed through the time-varying orifice to generate pressure differential thrust,which overcame the spring force,pushed the valve core to open the side nozzle,and closed the rear cavity channel thereby realising the switch of the slotter attitude.An optimal plan was established to balance the diameter,depth,and volume of punching,and a rock-breaking plan was developed for the slotter.Subsequently,the optimised water jet slotter was practically used in coal seam gas drainage.Compared with conventional dense drilling,water jet slotting technology significantly improves the ability,efficiency,and effect of increasing the permeability of the coal seam.

致癌物评估实验中的Time-adjusted趋势检验

在致癌物评估实验中 ,随药物剂量的增加 ,动物死亡率变化呈现某种趋势 .本文给出分组评估实验中的 time-adjusted趋势检验和相关参数的极大似然估计 。

Reliability Research Reviewed of Automobile Seat Angle-Adjuster

The reliability of the automobile seat angle-adjuster directly affects the safety of vehicle. The reliability of the seat angle-adjuster is improved based on bench test. Liability model of seat angle-adjuster system is established according to seat angle-adjuster of key parts failure mode. That provides technical support for the design improvements of seat angle-adjuster.

高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测方法

为了实现应用于高能激光等领域对表面洁净度有着极高要求的超光滑非球面检测,排除检测人员带来的洁净度与空气扰动的影响,研究了高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测方法。通过建立补偿干涉法非球面失调量与波前像差之间的灵敏度矩阵,实现利用波前像差求解被测非球面失调量。以理想干涉系统的离焦、彗差与像散为优化目标,进行反馈控制,实现被测非球面的自动化调整,进而实现高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。实验结果表明,在干涉图可测范围内,利用灵敏度矩阵通过几步迭代即可实现非球面失调量的收敛。结合Stewart六自由度调整台,分别实现2μm精度的平移误差调整、2"精度的光轴自动化对准,最终完成被测非球面的精密调整,实现高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。采用灵敏度矩阵与六自由度调整的非球面自动化干涉检测方法可实现被测非球面失调量的快速求解与自动调整,降低人员和环境带来的扰动影响,提高了非球面的检测速度,并实现了高洁净度超光滑非球面的自动化干涉检测。

实验室气候环境模拟应用进展

实验室气候环境模拟用来模拟气压、气温、湿度、风速、降水、日照和特定天气状况等气候气象以及太空行星大气等环境因素,试验、测试计量、考核评价特定对象(人和物)对气候环境等的适应性、耐久性,以及研究气候气象乃至太空环境影响的相关科学技术,从20世纪出现以来具有越来越重要的研究应用价值。本文回顾了国内外气候环境模拟在生物、农业、航空航天、汽车交通、建筑、兵器、太空探索等产业领域及科学工程等方面的试验、测试计量及应用等工程项目,介绍了相关温、压、湿、风、雨、雪、雾霾等相关模拟设备的技术及系统平台,展示了这一领域在国内外几十年来的应用研究进展,并对该领域在科学和产业应用、精密调控、仿真、虚拟现实和增强乃至太空环境模拟及生命支持研究等领域的发展进行了分析和展望。

小学特殊需要学生考试调整实施模式的行动研究——以数学学科为例

特殊需要学生由于自身的身心障碍,在普通学校的考试中会遇到诸多困难,难以展示自己的真实学业水平,而考试调整是帮助特殊需要学生克服考试困难的重要途径。研究者采用行动研究法对3名特殊需要学生开展考试调整行动,从考试调整的需求评估、策略匹配、组织实施与成效分析等方面总结出一套可操作的考试调整实施模式,以促进普通小学对特殊需要学生进行有效的学业评估。

活动断裂带大调整量无砟轨道设计与试验研究

研究目的:为满足跨活动断裂带线路铺设无砟轨道需求,提升该地区无砟轨道的线路平顺性与舒适性,提出一种大调整量活动承轨台式无砟轨道。采用ANSYS有限元软件建立整体和轨枕局部有限元模型,分析活动承轨台式无砟轨道的受力特性,在此基础上进行大调整量无砟轨道结构参数优化研究以及疲劳试验研究,分析结构刚度、位移和应变变化情况。研究结论:(1)活动承轨台式无砟轨道在列车荷载与温度荷载叠加作用下,最大拉应力出现在轨枕位置,为3.47 MPa,各部件应力均满足强度要求且在轨枕尺寸和材料优化后进一步降低;(2)疲劳试验中随着疲劳加载次数增加,结构横、纵向刚度在疲劳前后变化分别为3.4%和24.2%,结构应变小幅增加,未见塑性变形与明显损伤;(3)仿真与试验结果可为活动断裂带地区无砟轨道设计提供参考和借鉴。

高精度管道漏风量测试仪的设计及实验研究

现有的国产漏风量测试仪普遍存在测量精度低、自动化水平低的问题,为此,基于漏风量测试仪的原理,开展了漏风量测试仪的结构设计、系统设计及整机实验研究。首先,对漏风量的测量过程、喷嘴流量测量原理进行了研究,推导了喷嘴流量测量公式,并根据相关标准设计了角接取压方式的喷嘴结构,基于仪器操作便捷性要求,对整机结构进行了设计;其次,采用空气密度补偿公式完成了高精度流量自适应测量,设计了基于自锁式电磁阀的换向调零电路,采用换向调零法对压差传感器零点漂移进行了补偿,使用小波阈值去噪算法消除了信号噪声,提高了流量的测量精度;采用抗积分饱和比例积分微分(PID)算法对流量进行了闭环控制;最后,研制了管道漏风量测试仪样机,开展了压差与流量测量精度与重复性实验。实验及研究结果表明:该高精度漏风量测试仪工作状态稳定,压差测量精度为±0.4%,流量测量精度为±2%;该漏风量测试仪的测量精度优于国内同类仪器,符合国家标准要求,具有良好的市场前景。

果园风送喷雾风力调控试验台设计及试验

目前,果园风送喷雾技术与装备正在朝着精准化和智能化方向发展。果园喷雾控制对象主要为喷施药量和风力供给量,果树冠层内外药液沉积分布很大程度上取决于风送系统风力供给,只有风力和药量均得到精确控制,才能实现果园对靶精准喷雾。为此,基于轴流风机设计了风机转速、进风口面积和出风口导流板倾斜角度可独立调控的果园风送喷雾风力调控试验台,通过直流电机调速实现风机转速调节;进风口采用百叶结构,通过调节百叶倾斜角度实现进风口开度大小调节;出风口采用塔式结构,通过22路舵机控制出风口不同喷头位置处导流板倾斜角度独立调节,并基于C#语言开发了上位机界面。利用试验平台开展了风机转速、进风口面积和出风口导流板倾斜角度独立调控风力变化特性试验,结果表明:出风口风速风量变化与风机转速和进风口面积调节呈正相关,出风口风速在垂直方向分布位置随导流板倾斜角度增加发生改变,同时分别建立了出风口最大风速与风机转速和进风口面积之间的关系模型。喷药过程中,可通过风机转速与导流板倾斜角度联合调节或进风口面积与导流板倾斜角度联合调节实现出风口风速风量在果树冠层垂直方向分布位置和大小调节。研究结果为实现根据果树冠层体积和枝叶稠密度变化进行风力在线调控提供了一种新方法,对加快果园精准喷雾技术应用具有重要意义。

油田分层测试工艺及数智化技术

为解决油田传统注入井分层测试工艺效率低、精度差和成本高的问题,研究了一种基于油田数智化推进发展的新技术。该技术整合了智能管柱测调技术、预制电缆以及智能配水器和封隔器等技术,实现了对注入井的分层测试过程的自动化和智能化;通过使用由智能管柱组成的多功能装置,实时监测和采集地质资料;借助可视化界面展示测试数据,增强了数据分析和管理的可视化程度;通过远程控制可实时检测和重新设定每层注水量、查看注水层位的压力和温度,以及进行封隔器密封性检测等;井口智能校准自检仪还能定期对井下仪器参数进行重新标定和校准。该技术为智能化测试技术在油田行业的应用提供了新的思路和方向。

高速列车座椅调节参数对舒适性的影响研究

为研究高速列车座椅参数对不同身高百分位人群的舒适性影响程度,文中对第5百分位、第50百分位及第95百分位人群在不同调节参数下开展主观舒适性和体压分布的试验研究。针对座椅调节参数对舒适性的影响,选择座面高度、座面深度、座面倾角和靠背倾角4个参数作为因素,设计4因素3水平的正交试验。采用极差法和灰色关联度分析法对正交试验数据进行分析,得到了座椅调节参数对3类百分位人群主观舒适性的影响规律及座椅参数的优化组合,同时得到了体压分布指标与主观舒适性的关联程度。研究发现:座椅调节参数对不同身高百分位人群的主观舒适性影响不同;第5百分位人群舒适性受座椅的靠背倾角和座面高度影响较大;第50百分位和第95百分位人群受靠背倾角、座面倾角影响较大;体压分布指标与不同人群主观舒适性的关联程度不同。研究结果可为高速列车座椅的参数优化和舒适性提升提供参考依据。

动态高温反偏应力下的SiC MOSFET测试平台及其退化机理研究

为研究SiC MOSFET在动态漏源应力下的退化机理,开发了一种具有dVds/dt可调功能、最高可达80 V/ns的动态反向偏置测试平台。针对商用SiC MOSFET进行动态高温反偏实验,讨论高电压变化率的动态漏源应力对SiC MOSFET电学特性的影响。实验结果显示,器件的阈值电压和体二极管正向导通电压增加,说明器件JFET区上方的栅氧层和体二极管可能发生了退化。通过Sentaurus TCAD分析了在高漏源电压及高电压变化率下平面栅型SiC MOSFET的薄弱位置,在栅氧层交界处和体二极管区域设置了空穴陷阱,模拟动态高温反偏对SiC MOSFET动静态参数的影响。

基于流量调节阀的变量喷灌装置设计与试验

为实现Senninger i-Wob2型喷头的喷灌流量精准变量调节,在喷头前安装V型流量调节阀作为执行机构,通过阀体水力性能试验,建立阀前压力、阀体开度和喷头流量之间的数学关系,据此设计变量喷灌控制系统,实现喷灌流量的精准调节。研究结果表明:确定压力-开度-流量的数学模型特征流量系数KL为20.40,阀后压力预测系数KP为0.97,流量预测系数Kφ为7.08;喷头射程和流量在相对开度为60%前,随阀体开度变化较为明显;而在相对开度为60%后,射程与流量随相对开度的变化幅度越来越小;调节阀流量调节的稳态相对偏差不超过6.67%,调节时间不超过42 s,测量精度在96%以上。该研究实现了基于流量调节阀喷灌流量的精准控制,为流量调节阀在变量灌溉中的应用提供了数据支持。

虚拟仿真试验在锚地调整方案论证中的应用

依托某锚地调整改造工程,按照锚地调整预期方案,建立六自由度船舶运动数学模型,构建锚地典型仿真场景,通过模拟不同风、流条件下,1000吨级典型船舶在锚地附近水域的锚泊工况,尤其是针对建闸前后的不同情况对比,评判锚地调整方案可行性,提出不同工况下调整锚地的对策及最佳锚地的建议,可为其他河道水域锚地调整的管理与决策提供依据。

可调式节流喷嘴多规格内割刀水循环试验研究

为了提高油管内割刀切割效率,避免油管切割时发生割刀刀具伸出不足、刀片磨损失效快及喷嘴流量不可控等不良现象,研发了一种基于可调节式节流喷嘴的系列化互换多规格油管内割刀。对该工具设计了专用试验平台验证其使用可靠性,并对关键结构设计和试验步骤进行介绍。试验在水循环工况下由初试切割、正常切割、循环启停切割及磨损切割试验组成。研究结果表明:在主体结构及初始外径不变的情况下,系列化割刀能适应不同规格油管切割,可调式节流喷嘴能够满足现场泵组压力,保证割刀合理的转速;割刀能够在163 s内割断73.0 mm油管,多次启停切割73.0 mm油管时长为179 s,剧烈磨损后能在426 s内割断89.0 mm油管,刀具使用寿命达到4次;切割时割刀需要缓慢切入,靠近管壁时需停留23 s左右达到稳定状态,防止出现憋泵现象。试验验证了该刀具的伸出范围可以调节以适应不同外径油管,刀片在不同喷嘴流量下能够多次完成切割作业。研究结果表明该工具可为修井作业现场应用提供技术支撑。