One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor,nutrients,and management)mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing,high density,and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction.However,it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice.A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1),5(FT2),10(FT3),15(FT4),and 20(FT5)days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6),making six treatments altogether.Cotton growth period,biomass accumulation,yield,and its formation were quantified.The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6,however,the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter.FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1396 kg ha–1),which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments,and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage.Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated.FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1)and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1)rates during the fast biomass accumulation period.These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom,and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.

Light Simplified Cultivation Techniques of Wide Row and Double Ridge with Filming, Fertilizing and Sowing on One for Foxtail Millet

In view of the problems of completely depending on rain, low and unstable yield and complicated planting of dry land foxtail millet, the light simplified cultivation techniques of wide row and double ridge with filming, fertilizing and sowing on one for foxtail millet was formed through the integration of plastic film mulching technology and mechanized production technology by Institute of Millet crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, and the techniques were introduced from the key technologies of pre-sowing preparation, sowing, supporting equipment, field management, harvesting, plastic film recycling.

Clinical Analysis on the Effectiveness of Conservative Compression Suture Technique to Conserve Fertility on Pernicious Placenta Previa

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of conservative compression surgical suture techniques used for the management of pernicious placenta previa to conserve fertility in the subsequent pregnancies. Study Design: This was a non-comparative retrospective study of 188 patients diagnosed with pernicious placenta previa who underwent cesarean section in The First Hospital of Jilin University, China, from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2018. Successful group was defined as those in which the intraoperative bleeding was managed by either modified CHO or by B-lynch suture technique and those who had further intervention including hysterectomy were designated as failure group. Results: Out of 217 patients, 188 met inclusion criteria and 29 patients were excluded. In 188 cases, 183 (97.34%) cases successes and 5 (2.65%) cases had hysterectomy. Among included group, 118 patients (62.76%) had undergone emergency cesarean section and 70 patients (37.23%) underwent elective cesarean section. The emergency group had significantly lesser gestation period of gestation at the time of cesarean section (P = 0.021) and lower neonatal weight (P = 0.001) than that of elective group. The estimated blood loss during surgery was 500 - 3200 ml (mean: 925 ml). Additionally, the amount of bleeding was found to be significantly more in patient with intraoperative complication (P = 0.007) and in patient with implanted placenta (P 0.001). Conclusion: The conservative compression suture technique including modified CHO and B-lynch suture technique during the cesarean delivery is a feasible, safe and effective alternative conservative surgical technique for the management of bleeding in case of pernicious placenta previa. Besides good surgical outcome and proper neonatal result this technique also reduces the rate of hysterectomy, thus conserving the fertility.

Green High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer for Maize under Mulch Drip Irrigation

The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.

Use of Agroecological Techniques by Smallholder Farmers to Improve Sorghum Productivity in Burkina Faso

The prevailing farming system in Burkina Faso is smallholder agriculture based on cereal production, especially sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which form the staple diet for the population. Production is constantly challenged by climate hazards, striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.) infestation, inefficient farming practices and declining soil fertility. To address these concerns, one study on several agroecological techniques was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a participative manner with more than 150 male and female farmers from four communities. Each farmer was asked to test out two or three agroecological techniques of his choice and to measure these new techniques against their usual farming practices. These techniques combined the use of organic fertilizer (5 t/ha) and/or mineral fertilizer (2 g/seed hole) with the systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping, in addition to the improved za? technique and the half-moon method. Plant material was composed of local landraces and improved varieties of sorghum, sesame and cowpea. On-farm application of agroecological techniques resulted in significantly increased sorghum production in all four communities. The rates of increase for grain yield were 8% for the half-moon fields and more than 130% for the rotation systems when compared to the farmers’ usual practices. More limited results were achieved with the chemical components of the soil after two years of experimentation. Only the soil’s organic matter showed improvement over the first year. This study shows that crop rotation, mixed cropping and the improved za? technique in combination with compost and improved drought-resistant varieties constitute agroecological strategies favorable to the intensification and diversification of farming systems in the studied locations. The farmers were above all impressed by the on-site management of compost by means of the za? technique which enabled large-scale fertilization of fields.

High-yielding Fertilization Technology for Citrus grandis

As of April 2017,the planting area of Citrus grandis in Ruili City was 594. 3 ha. Among it,the area of fruiting trees was 267. 2 ha,and they were mainly owned by small growers. In view of the serious fragmentation of pomelos,the large investment in fertilizers,and the unsatisfactory production efficiency of C. grandis in Ruili,the fertilization technology for C. grandis was discussed. The problems in the fertilization process,as well as the principles and modes of fertilization were analyzed briefly. The fertilization methods for saplings and fruiting trees were introduced,in order to promote the improvement of the fertilization and management level of local pomelo growers.

The Agronomic Techniques as Determinants of the Phenolic Content and the Biological Antioxidant Effect of Palm-Tree Kale

The content of phytochemicals in vegetables is strongly affected by genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors, and by transportation and storage conditions, potentially affecting the sensory and putative health-promoting properties. In this study the impact of different agricultural techniques on the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from a traditional Italian kale landrace, called palm-tree kale (Brassica oleracea L., ssp. acephala DC, var. sabellica L.) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of the different extracts were assessed in a biological system using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The final aim was to evidence whether and how the agronomic practices can affect the antioxidant properties of kale not only in vitro but also in cells. Results herein reported underline the influence of the crop production strategies in establishing the potential health benefits of a vegetable. This research approach could be useful for the selection of production techniques that are able to provide edible vegetables with higher functional activity, and evidences the need to study the food domain as a whole with the nutrition domain, and to integrate all results in order to have an overall “foodomics” vision allowing the improvement of health and well-being.

Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s

While the yield potential of rice has increased but little is known about the impact of breeding on grain quality, especially under different levels of N availability. In order to investigate the integrated effects of breeding and N levels on rice quality 12 japonica rice cultivars bred in the past60 years in the Yangtze River Basin were used with three levels of N: 0 kg N ha-1, 240 kg N ha-1,and 360 kg N ha-1. During the period, milling quality(brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage, and head rice percentage), appearance quality(chalky kernels percentage, chalky size, and chalkiness), and eating and cooking quality(amylose content, gel consistency, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback) were significantly improved, but the nutritive value of the grain has declined due to a reduction in protein content. Micronutrients, such as Cu, Mg, and S contents, were decreased, and Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Ca, K, P, B contents were increased. These changes in grain quality imply that simultaneous improvements in grain yield and grain quality are possible through selection. Overall, application of N fertilizer decreased grain quality, especially in terms of eating and cooking quality. Under higher N levels, higher protein content was the main reason for deterioration of grain quality, although lower amylose content might contribute to improving starch pasting properties. These results suggest that further improvement in grain quality will depend on both breeding and cultivation practices, especially in regard to nitrogen and water management.

Efficient Management of Nitrogen Fertilizers for Flooded Rice in Relation to Nitrogen Transformations in Flooded Soils

Recent progresses in efficient management of nitrogen fertilizers for flooded rice in relation to nitrogen transformations in flooded soil were reviewed.Considerable progress has been achieved in the investigation on the mechanism of ammonia loss and the factors affecting it .However,little progress has been obtained in the investigations on nitrification-denitrification loss owing to the lack of method for estimating the fluxes of gaseous N products.Thus,so far the management practices developed or under investigation primarily for reducing ammonia loss are feasible or promising,while those for reducing nitrification-denitrification loss seem obscure,except the point deep placement. In addition,it was emphasized that the prediction of soil N supply and the recommendation of the optimal rate of N application based on it are only semi-quantitative.The priorities in research for improving the prediction are indicated.

Application Status and Prospects of Biogas Fertilizer in Modern Agricultural Production

On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil organic matter,available nutrient contents and enzyme activity,increase crop yield,quality and resistance,and relieve the non-point source pollution effectively. The harmlessness,application technology and risk are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to control the source pollution,strengthen the research of fermentation technology,define the standard of biogas fertilizer,and carry out large and medium-sized biogas engineering.

Successful Pregnancy after Novel Uterine Prolapse Surgical Technique: A Case Report at Sinnar Maternity Teaching Hospital

Procidentia is one of complications of pregnancy and childbirth. The challenge of treatment is to preserve fertility if needed and to find effective methods with rapid learning curve. Our technique—Isam technique—fulfills these needs with a short hospital stay, very low risk of complications and relapse, a rapid learning curve as well, and no need for long contraceptive methods after operation.

Role of Antioxidants in Female Fertility

The last decade has seen a noticeable advance in diagnosing and treating infertility, however, the overall incidence has remained the same, with an estimated 40% - 50% resulting from factors related to the female [1]. Unexplained infertility where the cause remains elusive, still accounts for up to 30% of cases. Increasing evidence demonstrates the significant of antioxidants in all physiological and biochemical processes in humans, including human reproduction.

Fertility outcomes following bariatric surgery

Obesity impacts human health in more than one way.The influence of obesity on human reproduction and fertility has been extensively examined.Bariatric surgery(BS)has been used as an effective tool to achieve long-term weight loss in both sexes.BS improves hormonal profiling,increasing the odds of spontaneous pregnancy and success rates following assisted reproductive techniques in infertile females.For obese males,BS does improve sexual function and hormonal profile;however,conflicting reports discuss reduced sperm parameters following BS.Although the benefits of BS in the fertility field are acknowledged,many areas call for further research,like choosing the safest surgical techniques,determining the optimal timing to get pregnant,and resolving the uncertainty of sperm parameters.

甘薯新品种“龙薯35号”施肥技术研究

为研究优质食用型甘薯品种“龙薯35号”的配套施肥技术,采用正交试验方法,研究有机肥、复合肥、施肥方式3个因素对该品种产量的影响。结果表明,有机肥、复合肥、施肥方式对甘薯产量有极显著影响,增施有机肥和复合肥,采用一次性追肥的方式能提高甘薯产量,在中高地力水平条件下,施用有机肥3 900 kg/hm^(2)、复合肥600 kg/hm^(2)、肥料作为追肥一次性施用能取得较高的产量和社会经济效益。

马铃薯节水灌溉技术研究进展

马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,马铃薯高效生产对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。马铃薯需水量大,生育期间的降水量无法满足其正常水分需求,因此对灌溉水的依赖度高。然而,我国淡水资源短缺,马铃薯生产中存在灌溉水管理粗放、节水灌溉制度不合理、水分利用效率低等问题,亟需探索马铃薯节水高效灌溉技术体系。本文从需水规律、灌溉方式、灌溉制度等方面综述了马铃薯灌溉技术的研究现状和存在的问题,对我国马铃薯节水灌溉技术需要进一步研究的问题进行了展望,以期丰富马铃薯高效用水理论,为马铃薯稳定生产提供技术支撑。

河北省露地菜田固碳增活对策及解决方案

河北省是蔬菜生产大省,但露地蔬菜生产中养分管理较为粗放,长期存在有机物料施用种类单一、偏施化学氮肥、肥料养分配比失衡等问题,导致土壤有机质水平低、有效养分供应能力弱、连作障碍频发。针对露地蔬菜生产中存在的施肥问题,建立了固碳增效与沃土增活综合施肥技术,制定了全程施肥解决方案。有助于改善与提升菜田土壤质量,促进蔬菜稳产增产和菜农增收,具有广阔的应用前景。

剑麻专用肥对石漠化山区剑麻生长及产量的影响

石漠化山区自然条件恶劣,剑麻具备耐瘠薄、耐旱、综合利用价值高、发展前景广阔等特点,成为石漠化山区产业扶贫的较好选择。试验结果表明,剑麻新增叶片数、叶长和鲜叶产量随专用肥施入量增加而增加,每株剑麻施用专用肥量为200 g时,鲜叶产量、经济效益最高。该结论为石漠化山区剑麻高产栽培技术提供技术参考。

茶园化肥减施的认识误区及实施建议

茶园化肥减施是不是茶园不让施化肥了,是不是不施肥的茶叶品质更好?茶园化肥减施,茶叶还能长好吗?针对化肥减施行动实施以来,部分茶叶生产者的认识误区,讨论了茶园施肥的必要性、化肥减施的紧迫性,以及合理的化肥减施措施及成效。茶园施肥不足会影响茶树的正常生长,茶叶减产降质明显;施肥过量则会使土壤质量恶化,同样对茶树生长不利。只有通过合理施肥,并配套增效技术,才能促进茶树正常生长。茶园化肥减施要根据不同生产茶园具体情况进行,基本原则为总氮控制、磷钾基准养分合理配比,有机肥替代(以纯N计)比例25%~40%。

大棚草莓水肥一体化高效栽培技术

草莓具有植株矮小、生长周期短、栽培繁殖快及营养价值高等诸多特点,在传统草莓种植方式上,存在肥水过量施用以及利用率过低等现象,导致出现植株营养失调,果实品质下降等问题。水肥一体化栽培技术能够通过精准的水肥灌溉,满足草莓各个生长阶段所需营养,不但节水节肥效果显著,还可有效节省人工支出,起到增产提质的效果。从种苗培育、大棚准备、定植管理、水肥一体化管理、病虫害防治等5个方面总结介绍了大棚草莓水肥一体化栽培技术,以期为果农提供种植参考,提升草莓品质和产量,增加经济收益。

土壤培肥技术对土壤健康的影响途径与作用机制

土壤健康与农产品优质安全、农业绿色可持续发展密切相关。不同培肥技术对土壤物理功能、化学功能与生物学功能产生较大影响,进而影响土壤健康水平。论文明确了土壤健康的内涵与发展历程,阐述了长期大量施用化肥和不同耕作措施对土壤健康的影响途径,从物理、化学和生物学3个方面总结了有机培肥技术对提高土壤健康的作用机制,并对我国未来土壤健康研究方向提出了展望,以期为培育健康土壤和实现我国农业高质量发展提供理论支撑与技术指导。