One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor,nutrients,and management)mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing,high density,and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction.However,it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice.A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1),5(FT2),10(FT3),15(FT4),and 20(FT5)days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6),making six treatments altogether.Cotton growth period,biomass accumulation,yield,and its formation were quantified.The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6,however,the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter.FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1396 kg ha–1),which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments,and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage.Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated.FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1)and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1)rates during the fast biomass accumulation period.These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom,and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.

Clinical study of different fertilization methods of assisted reproductive technology on neonatal birth defects

Objective:To investigate the incidence of neonatal birth defects in assisted reproductive technology(ART)by in vitro fertilization(IVF)and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Methods:The clinical data of 4229 cases of singleton deliver by infertile patients under 35 years old who received IVF/ICSI-ET in our center were analyzed.According to different fertilization methods,they were divided into IVF group(2967 cases)and ICSI group(1262 cases).The general situation of birth,birth defects and the location of defects were compared between the two groups.Results:a total of 38 cases of neonatal birth defects were found,the incidence of birth defects was 0.89%,including 30 cases(1.01%)in IVF group and 8 cases(0.64%)in ICSI group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the two groups(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in birth weight,gestational age and gender ratio between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Different fertilization methods in assisted reproductive technology do not increase the incidence of neonatal birth defects.

Present Situation, Existing Problems and Recommendations for Orchard Fertilization Technology

This paper summarizes the development process and research status of orchard fertilization technology,introduces many kinds of fertilization methods,such as soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method,and nutrition diagnosis method,probes into the main problems existing in orchard fertilization,and puts forward some suggestions for solving them. The development of orchard fertilization technology in China is also projected.

The barriers of joining in vitro fertilization programs among infertile couples in developing countries:A scoping review

Objective:To determine the barriers of joining in-vitro fertilization(IVF)programs among infertile couples in developing countries.Methods:This study assessed infertile couples and the barriers or associated factors resulting in delayed decision-making of joining IVF program by searching databases PubMed,ScienceDirect,EBSCO,ClinicalKey,and Cochrane Library from inception until December 31,2021.Additional search strategies were snowballing literature search and citation tracking.Results:Eleven articles were included in the scoping review.The cost was the greatest barrier of joining IVF program.Limited access and lack of assisted reproductive technology centers,few qualified infertility trained staff,insufficient government support,low priority in government policy,along with sociocultural factors,such as religion and false beliefs or myths were also majorly considered to be associated obstacles.Conclusions:The main barrier associated with IVF program among infertile couples in developing countries is the high cost of the IVF services.

Application Effect of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Technology for Tomato

Integrated water and fertilizer technology has the advantages of saving water,fertilizer and labour,which is widely applied in tomato plantation. Integrated water and fertilizer technology in topdressing and whole process of big and small tomatoes were studied,and their application effects were contrasted and analyzed,and application advantages and scopes of the two models were concluded.

Treatment of gasification effluent of fertilizer with biochemical united technology

Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.When the main equipment runs normally, thegasification effluent of fertilizer treated with the united technology reached the requirementby second-degree discharge standard of the'Discharge standard of water pollutants forsynthesize ammonia industry'.

Effects of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization on Yield and Economic Benefit of Major Crops in Burundi

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi.[Methods]In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center,soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice,maize and cabbage.The test set up three treatments,soil testing and formulated fertilization(STFF),local routine fertilization(RF)and non-fertilization(CK)to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops.[Results]In the plot test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment.Compared with those in the RF treatment,the yield of rice,maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%,25.7%and 33.0%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4292,2837 and 8232 yuan/ha,respectively.In the field test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment.The yield increased by 18.1%,24.3%and 25.9%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4142,2881 and 8665 yuan/ha,respectively compared with those in the RF treatment.[Conclusions]Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice,maize and cabbage yield per unit area,but also increased farmers'income in Burundi.It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.

A RCK Model with Endogenous Fertility and Exogenous Technological Change

The technological change as an exogenous variable is introduced into the RCK model with endogenous fertility in this paper. It is proved that the model has at least a nonzero steady state and the nonzero steady state is unique when the parameters satisfies some conditions. By phrase protrait analysis, the unique nonzero steady state is saddle and the economy has a unique optimal growth path. The results obtained implies that the relationship between the technological change and population growth rate determinated by the economic structure and the parental ethies. For the economy in which the parents is selfish, promoting the technological change rate decreases the fertility at the steady state. On the other hand, for the economy in which the parents is less selfish, the fertility increases as the technological change rate increases.

Secondary sex ratio of assisted reproductive technology babies

Objective: To assess the secondary sex ratio (SSR) of assisted reproduction technology babies within a fertility clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 3369 babies who were born following single embryo transfer between 2011 and 2016. Variables examined included embryo creation date, maternal and paternal ages, maternal body mass index (BMI), type of infertility, sperm parameters, fertilization method, type of embryo and stage of transfer. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on the data set using STRATA V9.2. Results: More males were found to be born to embryos created in summer (adjusted odds ratio=1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.95;P=0.01). Lower BMI of mother (≤30 kg/m 2) and younger age of parents (≤35 years) were associated with an increase in SSR (50.1% vs. 47.1%;50.6% vs. 48.8%;50.0% vs. 48.9%) respectively. Decreased SSR value was associated with primary subfertility, using in-vitro fertilization procedure and fresh embryo compared to those with secondary subfertility, using intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure and thawed embryo (49.3% vs. 50.6%;47.1% vs. 50.8%;49.4% vs. 50.1%) respectively. Conclusions: The fertilization methods, type of embryo, stage of embryo transfer, parameters of the sperm and status of subfertility do not significantly affect the SSR. SSR is affected by the seasonality, maternal age, and BMI.

Study on In-vitro Production Technology of Embryos from Young Dorper Sheep

This study was conducted to investigate the in-vitro production technology of embryos from young Dorper sheep, so as to provide technical support for the utilization of ovarian follicles in young Dorper sheep. Tests were conducted from the induction of Dorper sheep of 4 to 8 weeks old using follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and pregnant horse serum(PMSG), collection of oocytes, in-vitro oocyte maturation-fertilization-zygote cultivation and 2-4-cell-stage fertilized ovum transfer. The results showed that 585 oocytes were collected from eight Dorper sheep at the age of 4 and 8 weeks, with an average of 73.13 oocytes/sheep. 346 of the 2-4-cell-stage fertilized eggs were obtained, whose cleavage rate was 59.15%. 77 in-vitro fertilized eggs at 2-4-cell stage were transplanted into 17 recipient sheep, seven of which were pregnant and gave birth to 13 "test-tube sheep" with a conception rate of 41.18%. It is indicated that the hormone induction technique, in-vitro oocyte maturation-fertilization-zygote cultivation technique and 2-4-cell-stage fertilized ovum transfer technique used in this study can serve as effective techniques for the in-vitro production of embryos from Dorper sheep of 4-8 weeks old.

Awareness and Attitudes Toward In Vitro Fertilization in Patients with Infertility:A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective:To investigate the awareness and attitudes of patients with infertility toward in vitro fertilization(IVF).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with infertility at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital.Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that consists of patient background information,methods of obtaining relevant IVF information,and patients’awareness of IVF treatment as well as the law and ethics.Results:A total of 198 participants of different backgrounds were enrolled in the study,and IVF information was obtained through different means;however,most of the participants had a lack of awareness and improper attitude toward IVF.The participants had higher estimations of treatment expenses(Pearson λ^(2)=22.132,P<0.05)and time(Pearson λ^(2)=47.992,P<0.05)during the initial consultation,while those with treatment experience expressed fewer concerns about IVF therapy(Pearson λ^(2)=9.467,P<0.05),particularly about the genetic risks of having IVF.Conclusion:Measures should be taken to improve patients’awareness and attitudes toward IVF,and a large-scale and multicenter clinical study should be conducted in the future.

新阶段植物营养学的研究重点

植物营养学是研究营养元素在土壤-植物系统迁移、转化和利用规律的基础性学科,是支撑全球粮食安全、耕地质量安全、生态环境安全的重要学科。以组学技术和人工智能为代表的学科前沿不断拓展了植物营养学的研究范畴,同时,耕地高强度利用下如何实现作物高产、养分高效、生态健康等多重目标成为新阶段植物营养学的研究重点和难点。本文回顾了近年来植物营养学在营养遗传、养分循环、新型肥料、高效施肥等方向取得的创新进展,同时,基于我国植物营养学研究短板,提出了新阶段植物营养学研究的重点任务,主要包括作物养分高效与抗逆分子调控网络、土壤养分循环与微生物组功能挖掘、新型绿色高效肥料创制与应用、农田养分协同优化原理与方法等方面,旨在推动农业高质量发展,为保障粮食安全和农业绿色发展提供科技支撑。

道地中药材金果榄种子育苗技术

以金果榄(Tinosporae Radix)基原植物青牛胆[Tinospora sagittata(Oliv.)Gagnep.]实生种子进行大棚育苗,并检测一、二年生金果榄种苗的农艺性状及二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根的古伦宾含量。对一年生金果榄种苗喷施MS营养液,检测其农艺性状并分析各性状之间的相关性。结果表明,金果榄种苗株高、主根长、块根随种植时间呈增长趋势,二年生苗叶片数在6—7月无明显增加;种苗叶形指数、块根形指数分别在5月龄、17月龄后无明显变化;二年生金果榄种苗干燥块根EP理论塔板数均>5 000、古伦宾含量均>2%,水分含量均<13.0%,符合药典规定。MS营养液处理促进了一年生金果榄种苗株高增长、叶片数增加和块根的形成,种苗株高、叶宽、茎粗与地下块根鲜重呈显著正相关,块根鲜重与块根纵径、块根横径、块根形指数呈显著正相关,块根横径、块根纵径、块根形指数之间均呈极显著正相关。叶形指数与叶长、叶宽之间无相关关系,而块根形指数与块根纵、横径之间呈正相关。

京郊山区果园高效灌溉技术研究与应用

北京地区有大量的山区果园,分布在京郊西南部、北部与东北部,与平原区果园相比,山区果园的地形一般较为复杂,地形存在落差,存在大量的坡地且坡度较大,果园灌溉的供水条件较差等特征。文章结合切身的技术服务工作,以房山区佛子庄乡东班各庄村北山坡苹果园为对象,通过采集果园地理信息数据,现场踏勘,工程测绘,结合果树生长状况及实际管理措施等,从果园高效节水灌溉技术适宜性选配出发,应对山坡地形变化引起压力不均匀变异进行压力补偿,面向复杂地形地质条件,开展水肥药一体化灌溉系统集成,是山坡高效灌溉技术推广的关键。

社会资本、技术感知对茶农有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为影响研究——基于江苏省茶叶主产区溧阳市茶农调研数据

基于江苏省茶叶主产区溧阳市365位茶农的调研数据,通过结构方程模型分析社会资本、技术感知与茶农有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为之间的关系,并揭示了不同个人特征和家庭禀赋对茶农技术采纳行为存在异质性影响,以期促进溧阳市茶业绿色化、有机化。结果发现:①社会资本和技术感知正向促进茶农有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为。②社会网络在技术易用性感知;社会信任在技术有用性感知和易用性感知;社会规范在技术有用性感知对茶农技术采纳行为存在中介作用。③茶农个人特征和家庭禀赋对其有机肥替代化肥技术采纳行为影响有着显著差异性,主要表现在性别、年龄、种植年限和茶园种植面积四个方面,受教育程度、家庭从事茶叶种植人数、茶叶生产年收入占家庭年收入的比值这三个方面并没有表现出显著差异。

基于PLC控制下水肥一体化智能监控系统设计

水肥一体化系统通过实时监测土壤湿度、植物生长状态等参数,精确控制水肥供给,避免过量使用水和肥料,这对于解决水资源短缺和减少农业生产对肥料的依赖具有重要意义。通过深入分析PLC技术,基于西门子S7-1200作为控制核心,采用先进的传感器技术,实现了对土壤湿度、植物生长状态等关键参数的实时监测,通过智能设备,实时监测农田状态,并远程调整水肥系统的运行参数。试验结果表明,基于PLC控制的水肥一体化智能监控系统能够显著提高水肥利用率,减少资源浪费,降低生产成本,可以为农业生产提供一种先进、高效的管理方案,不仅有助于解决当前农业面临的水资源和肥料管理难题,也为实现可持续农业发展贡献重要的技术手段。

哈尔滨市玉米种植高产施肥技术要点分析

在农业产业现代化、高速化发展的境况下,我国农作物种植管理水平逐步提升。作为玉米高产栽培重要技术之一的高产施肥技术,能否得到科学应用决定着玉米需肥期内肥料是否能够及时、适量供合,与玉米植株的种植产量息息相关。为此,文章结合哈尔滨市玉米种植情况,探讨了玉米作物施肥技术应用的常见误区,指出玉米施肥存在肥料施加量过大、重氮肥轻磷钾肥、过度依赖追肥、追肥时机把控不当四方面问题,并分析了不同肥料对于玉米作物生长产生的影响,最后从基肥、种肥、追肥、叶面肥几个方面探讨了玉米种植中高产施肥技术的应用要点,旨在为其他地区玉米高产优产栽培提供参考。

基于人工智能的体外受精-胚胎移植患者需求的大数据分析

目的基于人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)与大数据技术分析接受(或意向接受)体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕治疗患者(IVF-ET患者)的需求,为专科医护提供参考。方法通过互联网数据采集和算法建模收集2010—2019年IVF-ET患者在社交媒体上交流的信息,分析IVF-ET患者的年龄和性别分布、网络交流健康信息趋势、患者所患疾病类型、给药情况、患者关注重点等信息,并对影响患者情绪的相关因素进行分析。结果2010—2019年,IVF-ET患者在社交媒体上交流相关问题的热度越来越高。30~35岁的IVF-ET需求人群在互联网上最为庞大,选择网上咨询IVF-ET相关事宜的患者多为女性不孕患者。患者给药情况中,提及次数最多的药物为黄体酮注射液,提及最多的给药方式为阴道给药,且接受一种黄体酮类药物治疗的患者最多。患者在IVF-ET过程中关注的重点主要包括负面心理、妊娠指标及经济因素。未受孕及阴道给药的患者,容易产生负面情绪。结论基于AI的大数据分析能帮助专科医护了解IVF-ET患者的实际需求,医护人员需加强宣教及指导,帮助患者树立正确的认识及维持良好的情绪状态。

补充褪黑素的人卵母细胞体外培养成熟技术在COH周期中的应用

目的比较同一控制性超促排卵(COH)治疗周期中,体内成熟与改良技术体外培养成熟(IVM)的卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育能力及临床结局,探讨补充褪黑素的IVM技术在临床中的应用。方法收集159例患者在COH周期中的920个成熟卵母细胞进行常规体外受精(IVF/ICSI)处理,同时收集同周期中1283个未成熟卵母细胞,在添加褪黑素的改良IVM培养基中培养成熟后行ICSI处理。通过回顾性分析,比较常规助孕技术与改良IVM技术这两种方式,对辅助生殖治疗的助孕结局和妊娠结局的影响。结果与从COH周期中收集到的行常规IVF/ICSI处理的成熟卵母细胞相比,经改良IVM技术促成熟的卵母细胞的优质囊胚形成率较低。但经胚胎移植后,两种方式获得的成熟卵母细胞的临床结局包括临床妊娠率、足月产率、婴儿体长、新生儿Apgar评分,差异均无统计学意义。结论IVM可以提高从COH周期中回收的未成熟卵母细胞的卵子利用率,改善辅助生殖技术助孕患者的妊娠结局。